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unchallenged statement, that the law regulating the in-

spection of meat was written by the packers themselvesfor the express purpose of making it impossible to preventtrade in condemned meat. By this law the Federal in-

spectors condemn meat but they have no legal power todestroy the meat. It is the State or municipality in whichthe diseased meat is found that must destroy it according toits own local regulations, and the great packing firms

rightly anticipated that they would be able to influence themanner in which such local regulations were applied. Ilowthe system worked is described as follows by Dr. Jacques :-The condemnation of diseased meat is a State function and it is

delegated to the city of Chicago in its charter. The city ordinanceempowers the Commissioners of Health to perform this duty.Federal inspectors do condemn and destroy meat. but they haveno legal right to do this. Their instructions as to separatingand tagging of diseased meat ends with "to be disposed of accord-ing to the laws and ordinances of the State and municipality inwhich it is found." This throws it into the hands of the cityinspectors and they are the only ones who can legally destroy it. TheFederal inspectors admit this and claim that their condemnationsare made under the threat of withdrawing the inspection if notallowed to do so. Foreign countries refused our meat and the packersappealed to our Government. It was finally arranged that Germanywould accept American meat if our Government would guarantee itsquality. To this end Federal inspection was instituted at the packing-houses. The Federal inspector comes to the packer to inspecthis meat for export and at his bidding. He is under the packer’s sinfluence continually and if not satisfactory to the packer will losehis place. His instructions make it easy for him by saying that thediseased meat is "to be disposed of according to the laws and ordinancesof the State and municipality in which it is found " The city inspectorsare the usual grade of employees on duty during City Hall hours from9 to 5. The civic federation employed a detective to watch three ofthese and found that most of their time was spent in saloons, Therewere only four of them at the yards They were under a head ofdepartment at the City Hall, who got his position for strenuous activityin the last campaign. The packers’ contribution made this same dutypleasant. Just to show how the packers have their hands on thesituation, I have only to say that the first of this month Dr. Biehn, mysuccessor, was withdrawn from this work and the stockyards inspectionplaced under " Fish" Murray, a protégé of the stockyards alderman,Cary. Murray was fish inspector under me and laughed at my effortsto make him do something to earn his salary. To my knowledge henever condemned a pound of fish nor did a day’s work in the 14 monthsthat I was his chief.

Such was the state of affairs prior to August 7th, 1905, andthis explains why 85 per cent. of the meat condemned duringlast year in Chicago has been destroyed since the month ofAugust. But such destruction is to protect the inhabitantsof Chicago and not of Great Britain. As many as 150,000animals have been killed in a single day in the stockyards.Only a small proportion of them was intended for consump-tion within the city of Chicago. The Federal Governmentdoes not employ enough inspectors properly to examine therest and yet the enormous amount of meat condemned atChicago shows how much such strict inspection is needed.

THE KING’S SANATORIUM.

THE OPENING CEREMONY.THE King, who was accompanied by the Queen, visited

the King Edward VII. Sanatorium on Wednesday last,June 13th, when His Majesty performed the openingceremony. About 250 invitations were issued to those

interested in the institution and the arrangements for thejourney to and from the sanatorium were admirably carriedout.Their Majesties were received at Midhurst Station at

4 P.M. by the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, the Duke ofNorfolk, the Sheriff of the County, Mr. Philip Secretan, theUnder Sheriff, Mr. Walter Bartlett, the Chairman of theWest Sussex County Council, the Earl Winterton, GeneralLord Methuen, G.C.B., K.C.V.O., General Officer Com-manding the District. On arrival at the sanatorium theywere received by His Majesty’s Advisory Committee-Sir William Broadbent, Bart., K.C.V.O. (chairman), SirR. Douglas Powell, Bart., K.C.V.O., Sir Frederick Treves,Bart., G.C.V.O., Sir Francis Laking, Bart., G.C.V.O., SirFelix Semon, K C.V.O., Sir Hermann Weber, Dr. C. TheodoreWilliams, Lieutenant. Colonel Lascelles, Mr. William James,D.L., Mr. Roland Bailey, M.V.O., I.S.O., Dr. P. HortonSmith-Hartley, Dr. John F. H. Broadbent, the two last-named being the secretaries to the committee. The religiouspart of the ceremony having been conducted by theBishop of Chichester (Dr. E. It. Wilberforce), Sir WilliamBroadbent read an address which stated in brief thegeneral objects of the institution and the design of

the Advisory Committee and the architect towards carry-ing out their object. His Majesty replied, expressingthe pleasure which it had given to him and to the Queento be present and to open the magnificently situated

building. Sir William Broadbent presented to the

King the architect (Mr. H. Percy Adams, F R.I.B.A.),the builder (Mr. Charles Langley), Miss Jekyll, who had de-signed the gardens, Dr. Noel D. Bardswell and Dr. G. Basil D.Adams, medical officers of the sanatorium, and Miss BlancheTrew, R.R.C., the matron. Their Majesties were then con-ducted round the buildings by Sir William Broadbent andSir Frederick Treves. In the library Dr. Arthur C. Lathamand Dr. F. J. Wethered, who had respectively gained thefirst and second prizes offered by the King for essays onthe Construction of a Sanatorium, were presented to the King.Amongst those present on the occasion in addition to thosementioned above were Professor T. Clifford Allbutt, Dr. F.Bagshawe (Hastings), Dr. H. T. Bulstrode, Dr. A. News-holme, Mr. R. Clement Lucas, Dr. Nathan Raw (Liverpool),Dr. L. A. Weatherly (Bath), and Dr. W. H. White. Dr.Nathan Raw had also the honour of being presented to theKing. A brief description of the buildings, which havebeen fully described and discussed in the ArchiteoturalReview, will show that the sanatorium is admirably situated,designed, and equipped for its purposes.

The site of the King’s Sanatorium is on the southern slopeof Easebourne Hill, three and a half miles from Midhurst,Sussex, and seven miles from Haslemere. The building isplaced at an altitude of 496 feet above the sea-level andstands in its own grounds of 150 acres of land purchased fromthe Earl of Egmont. In the immediate vicinity of the sana-torium are forests of pine trees. The highest point in thegrounds is 630 feet above the level of the sea and the sana-torium is protected to the north and to the east by woods offir and oak and birch. To the south-west and west the build-

ings lie open to the sun and air and the balconies andterraces are well arranged for the open-air treatment of thepatients. Splendid views are obtained from the site and itis possible to trace the line of the South Downs as far as theChanctonbury Ring. In the immediate neighbourhood ofthe sanatorium paths have been made amongst the pines andon the moorland so graded that the physicians will be ableto arrange suitable exercise according to the varying needsof the patients. The sanatorium is built nearly in the centreof the site and is divided into two parts, one for administra-tive purposes and the other for patients. These two buildingsrun on parallel lines east and west and are joined togetherby means of a broad central corridor (see illustration). Redbrick has been used for constructive purposes, relieved bywhite stone, and distinctive features of the buildings are thered roofs and the vivid green shutters for the windows. Theedifice for the patients faces the south and south-west with agradually curving front of nearly 700 feet in length. In thecentre there are three storeys, the two wings having only twostoreys. Broad balconies are continued nearly the wholelength of the front of this building and the bedrooms openby means of casement doors on to these balconies. Eachpatient will have a part of a balcony screened off withcanvas pull-down blinds. Along the ground and first floorof the patients’ building are placed the bedrooms for thepatients and on the top floor of the central portion there isaccommodation for 22 necessitous patients. On the groundfloor there are also spacious recreation rooms, writing rooms,and bath-rooms. The rooms are so arranged that eachsex of either class of patients can gain access to themedical consulting rooms, recreation rooms, the dininghall, and the grounds without passing the apartmentsof the other sex. The bedrooms are floored with teakpolished with wax and the wall-papers can be washed.The windows are of large size and can be thrown fully open.Outside the windows the shutters are so arranged that theycan be closed when the windows are open, thus excludingrain and direct sunshine when required. To secure a directdraught through the bedrooms windows are placed openingon to the corridors and to guard against danger from fireevery room in the building has two exits. Opposite theend of the bed in the centre of one side wall ineach bedroom there is a hot-water radiator. The furni-ture has been manufactured by Messrs. Heal and Son andis of the plainest possible description so as to secure theutmost facility for cleanliness and the prevention of anycollection of dust. Riveted joints are used in the bedsteadsand rubber-shod buffers are arranged so that the bedsteads

1721THE KING’S SANATORIUM.

1722

are not pushed against the wall, these buffers being usedalso as handles for moving the bed. The articles of furniturestand well up from the floor and all shelves and tops ofcupboards and washstands are made of glass so that they areperfectly non-absorbent.The administrative block has a main central entrance

to the north and the entrance hall is spacious andwell appointed. The ground floor of this block containswaiting rooms, consulting rooms, an operating theatre, andvarious committee rooms, and rooms for the medical officers,together with a dispensary, library, and laboratory. Thereis a commodious dining hall for the patients and con-

veniently to this hall there are placed the kitchens, in whichevery arrangement is fully up to date. Accommodation isalso provided in this block for the medical superintendent,the staff, and the servants. At the western end ofthe buildings the chapel has been built; it is a V-shapedstructure, the arms of the V forming two naves,one for men and the other for women. This can be

truly called an open-air chapel because the south walls ofthe two naves are built in open arcade work but provision ismade to prevent rain or snow from drifting in. At the apexof this curious chapel there are two pulpits, one of whichcan be used by the preacher in wet weather when the

congregation will be gathered round him sheltered, if

necessary, by cloisters erected for the purpose. The chapelis heated by means of steam pipes running under thestone floor. This method of heating is a revival ofthe old Roman plan of warming rooms. An up-to-datelaundry has been built and close to it is the engine-housewith machinery for the supply of the electric light. The

equipment of this portion of the institution is of a mostelaborate character and care has been taken to introduce thebest of modern labour-reducing machinery. The water-

supply comes from a reservoir on Henley Common in NorthPark Copse. It is pumped to the highest part of the groundsof the institution and a reservoir has been there madecapable of holding 160,000 gallons. The daily service ofwater will be amply met as there will generally be sufficientwater to yield 60,000 gallons a day. One advantage ofhaving a reservoir holding such a large reserve is thatin case of fire there will be no lack of water. The

drainage system is in connexion with that of the town ofMidhurst, and although the carrying out of this drainagework presented considerable difficulty it has been found

possible to complete the work in the most satisfactorymanner. A word or two must be said in praise of the land-scape work involved in laying out the grounds and there isno doubt that the sanatorium is rendered attractive by thefine gardens and lawns that have been placed around it. Thesite of the building was chosen, amongst other considera-tions, for the mild and equable climate of the district,largely influenced by the proximity of the sea and theshelter afforded by the pine forest. The average number ofhours of sunshine for the year is 1689 and for the week35. The average yearly rainfall is 30 inches, the numberof rainy days is 157, the mean annual temperature is 48° F.,the mean maximum temperature is 57.1°, and the meanminimum temperature is 41.4°.There is accommodation provided in the King’s Sana-

torium for 100 patients ; 14 of these will pay eight guineasa week and the remainder two guineas a week. Thosewho pay at the higher rate will have slightly better bed-rooms and enjoy superior arrangements for feeding. The classfor which the sanatorium is specially built is that just abovethe very poor for whom no provision in case of sickness,such as tuberculosis, exists ; the institution will serve auseful purpose for such people as governesses, teachers, andbadly paid members of certain professions. It is not in-tended that rich people should be able to send their gardenersand other servants to the sanatorium by merely paying somuch a week.

BIRMINGHAM.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Complaints against tlte General Hospital.WiTHiN a short space of time two serious complaints

have been made against the resident staff of the GeneralHospital. The first was by the father of a child whowas accidentally burnt, it being asserted that great andunnecessary delay had occurred before the child was

admitted, and the second was by a nurse of the ChurchArmy who considered that she and the patient whom sheaccompanied had been treated with scant consideration anddiscourtesy. Both complaints were fully investigated bythe house committee and by the board of management andboth have been proved to be without foundation. The delaywhich occurred in the first case was due to the father’s hesita-tion to leave his child in the hospital and in the second caseit was shown that the nurse had misunderstood what the resi-dent surgical officer had said to her. He had told her that thepatient could not be admitted at once but would be takenin as soon as possible and she had waited on hoping herpatient would be taken in that day, whilst the surgicalofficer had communicated with the medical man who sentthe case telling him that he would write and let him knowwhen the case could be received. Neither of the complaintsis to be regretted, for the thoroughness of the investigationswhich followed and which proved both the efficiency andthoughtfulness of the staff will serve still further to increasethe confidence which the general public have in the institu-tion. Moreover, the second case should draw the attentionof practitioners to the fact that it is advisable to com-municate with the authorities and to assure themselves thatroom is available before sending a serious case for admission.

l2etirement of Mr. Bennett May.For many years Mr. Bennett May has rendered invaluable

service to the Queen’s Hospital and to medical education inBirmingham, but in the ordinary course of events the timehas come when his term of office as honorary surgeon to theQueen’s Hospital terminates and the committee has acceptedhis resignation of office with feelings of the greatest regret.He is still a keen and an active surgeon whose interest in his

profession seems to grow with increasing years and in order toexpress its high appreciation of his past services the com-mittee has recommended to the governors of the hospitalthat Mr. May be elected honorary consulting surgeon. Hisconnexion with the hospital for which he has done so muchwill thus be maintained, whilst his time will be more freefor the purposes of his private work.

Death of Sir Willoughby Francis Wade.Many years have passed since a severe illness necessitated

Sir Willoughby F. Wade’s resignation of his appointmentof honorary physician to the General Hospital and it isten years since he left Birmingham, but his services tothe city, his excellent medical work, and his interest-

ing personality have not been forgotten, and sincereregret was felt when it was known that he had diedin Rome. Though born in Ireland he was of Yorkshiredescent, and he was educated at Rugby, Trinity College,Dublin, and in Paris. He took an active interest in all

things associated with the medical profession and for manyyears he was a member of the council of the British MedicalAssociation. In 1890 he delivered a memorable address onmedical education, in which he pointed out how insufficientwas the scientific knowledge then possessed by medicalmen. That address was but an indication of the

general scientific tendencies which stimulated him to take anactive part in the foundation of the scientific grants com-mittee of the British Medical Association. He was a keenobserver and was one of the first to recognise that diphtheriawas something more than a mere local disease. It was in

recognition of his great services to medicine that he wasknighted in 1896 and the distinction thus conferred uponhim gave the greatest pleasure to his colleagues and friends.He served on the staff of both the General Hospital and theQueen’s Hospital and he was one of the founders of theBirmingham Medical Institute.

Successes of the Birmingham Ambulance Brigade.During Whit-week the members of No. 3 district of the

St. John Ambulance Brigade camped in the old park ofBroughton House, near Kettering. No. 3 district is a largeone, including Birmingham, Dudley, Northants, &:c., and 325officers and men were in camp. The weather was delightful,the work was done enthusiastically, and the Birmingham menwere jubilant when as the result of the competition for theMarkham Cup it was found that Birmingham No. 1 andNo. 2 teams had secured first and second places respectively.

Medical Benevolent Society.At the recent annual meeting of the Medical Benevolent

Society of this district it was pointed out by Sir JamesSawyer that 4000 medical men resided within the area of the