AdaptedfromFoster,C.,Swan,M.andWake,G.(2015)TheLessonStudyProcessLessonsforMathematicalProblemSolving,Nottingham:TheUniversityofNottingham)
TheLessonStudyProcess–Algebraicpatternsandexpressions
CornerstoneMathsProjectAlisonClark-WilsonandCeliaHoyles
Lessonstudycycle
2
ResearchfocusTodeveloppupils’appreciationofanalgebraicvariableasadynamicconcept.
Identifyresearchfocus
Planresearchlesson
Teachresearchlesson
Analyseresearchlesson
Reviseresearchlesson
Disseminate
Lessonstudycycle
3
Teacherscollaborativelyplan:TheplaceofthelessoninthesequenceThephasesofthelessonandtheirpurposeThekeyprompts,questionsandactionsthatareplannedAnticipatedpupilresponsesResponsestotheanticipatedpupilresponses
Identifyresearchfocus
Planresearchlesson
Teachresearchlesson
Analyseresearchlesson
Reviseresearchlesson
Disseminate
Lessonstudycycle
4
Whenplanningbemindfulof:
NotingexactlywhatYOUwillsayanddo–especiallyduringwholeclassteachingwhenyouplantousethesoftware! Includingdescriptionsofwhenandhowthepupilswillusethesoftware-andhowyouwillsupportthis. Keepingthefocusonthemathematics–i.e.algebraicvariableandhowthevaluesofthetwovariablesneedtoincrease/decreasetogether! Thevocabularyofthelesson–themaths(variable,multiple,increase,decrease);thetechnology(light,block,pattern,linketc.)andthecontext(growingpatternsoflights).
Lessonstudycycle
5
Teachresearchlesson:Observeanddescribe:Teaching:
Whatarethemosteffectiveprompts,questionsandactions?Howwasthesoftwareusedandtowhateffect?Learning:Whatdopupilsdiscuss?
Howdopupilsreason?Mathematics:
Howdoesthedynamicconceptofavariabledevelopduringthelesson?Whatmathematicalsurprisesorchallengesdoyouobserve?
Identifyresearchfocus
Planresearchlesson
Teachresearchlesson
Analyseresearchlesson
Reviseresearchlesson
Disseminate
Lessonstudycycle
6
Analyseresearchlesson:Same-day*(orsoonafter)debriefingincludesafacilitator,theteacher,observers,acommentator.
1. Teacherdescribesthelessonandreasonsbehinddecisionsmadeanddeparturesfromtheplan.
2. Observersdescribewhattheysaw–supportedbyevidence!
3. Generaldiscussionandsuggestionsforrefiningthelesson.
4. Implicationsforotherlessons.5. Commentatormakesasignificant
contribution,wherepossible.*Ifitispossibletoorganise
Identifyresearchfocus
Planresearchlesson
Teachresearchlesson
Analyseresearchlesson
Reviseresearchlesson
Disseminate
Lessonstudycycle
7
Teachersrevisethelessonplan.• Reviewthelessonobjectives.
• Revieweachphaseofthelesson,theflow,thetimings,theprompts.
• Revisethetasksandquestions.
• Revisedtheanticipatedpupilresponses–usingactualpupilresponses.
• Usesamplepupilworktoillustratesuccesscriteria.
• [Ifchangesareextensivethelessonmightberetaught.]
Identifyresearchfocus
Planresearchlesson
Teachresearchlesson
Analyseresearchlesson
Reviseresearchlesson
Disseminate
Lessonstudycycle
8
Sharingtheoutcomes.• Othersreviewthelessonplanandalsoaskquestionswhereanythingisunclear.
• Teachersproduceacopyofthelessonthatmaybedisseminatedamongallteachersinvolvedintheproject.
• OtherteacherstryoutthelessonandbecomeCMChampionsfortheirschool.
• [Schoolpresentsapubliclessonstudyforothers.]
Identifyresearchfocus
Planresearchlesson
Teachresearchlesson
Analyseresearchlesson
Reviseresearchlesson
Disseminate
Lessonstudycycle
9
Moreaboutlessonstudy:FromtheTeacherDevelopmentTrust http://tdtrust.org/what-is-lesson-studyLessonStudyisaJapanesemodelofteacher-ledresearchinwhichatriadofteachersworktogethertotargetanidentifiedareafordevelopmentintheirstudents’learning.Usingexistingevidence,participantscollaborativelyresearch,plan,teachandobserveaseriesoflessons,usingongoingdiscussion,reflectionandexpertinputtotrackandrefinetheirinterventions.FromtheNationalCentreforExcellenceinTeachingMathematicshttps://www.ncetm.org.uk/resources/18729AresourcetosupportmathematicsdepartmentstouseaLessonStudyapproachforprofessionaldevelopment.FromcolleaguesatNottinghamUniversityhttps://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/groups/crme/projects/lemaps/index.aspxTheprojectbuildsonaninternationalpilotstudywhichexploredthepotentialofusinganadaptedmodelofJapanese'LessonStudy'todeveloptechniquesforteachingmathematicalproblemsolving.Problemsolvingisatopicwhereevenhigh-performingnationssuchasJapanrecogniseaneedformoreprofessionallearning.