The Life and Times of Anitvirals

By:Karen SummersLouise Pilsbury

Jasmine DelaineIrfan Mekic

Bethannie Jamerson

Viruses What are they!!!Virus Bacteria

20x smaller than bacteria The smallest bacteria is equal to the biggest virus

Are not Cellular Have a cell wall and nucleus

Do not feed, excrete and grow

Bacteria are living things

Uses cell material of invaded cell to reproduce

Bacteria use cellular division

Has a capsid Does not have capsid

Viruses, What are they!!!

How do they Spread?

• Viruses are spread the same way as bacteria• They can be spread through:– Touch– Coughing/ Sneezing– Body fluids• Blood, saliva, ect.• Ex: hepatitis or AIDS

How do Viruses Work?

1. Virus inject RNA/DNA into host cell’s cytoplasm

2. Uses the host cell to replicate3. The new cell releases virus or infected cell4. Change in cell structure causes symptoms

How

Viru

ses W

ork

Antiviral and How it Work

• Antiviral: Drug acting against viruses• Antiviral prevent the reproduction of viruses by:– Blocking reverse transcriptase enzyme activity with

host cell– Alter host cells genetic material– Block ribosomes, preventing the virus from

multiplying– Alter viruses’ binding site– Prevent virus from entering/ leaving the host cell

Examples of Antiviral’s

• Acyclovir– Works by altering the Cell’s genetic material– Structured similarly to a building block of DNA,

tricking the virus into using it as a building block for viral DNA

Examples of Antiviral’s

• Amantadine– Works against influenza virus– Works by inhibiting enzyme active site, preventing

virus from leaving the cell– The enzyme is needed to allow the viruses to stick

to the host cell as it leaves

How do AIDS work?

• The virus invades white blood cells, specifically T-Cells– T-cells usually activate cells in immune system

• Once inside cell, it makes viral-DNA from its RNA

• The viral-DNA is programmed to make more viral particles and our released into the blood stream when the cell dies

AIDS• HIV AID is a difficult virus to treat• This is because:–It attacks the white blood cells–billions of copies are made which

allows for small mutations making the drugs ineffective. –Virus hides within host cells,

sometimes dormant

Treatments for AIDS

• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors– Disable protien needed for hiv to replicate– Ex. Sustiva

• Protease Inhibitors– Disable protease– Ex. Reyataz

• Fusion inhibitors– Block HIV’s entry into cell– Ex. Fuzeon

• Integrase Inhibitors