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accuratius quam antea res iam investigare poterant. Idem lampadaeffinxit miro modo sibi constantem, qua usus lueem e sole, vcl astro, vellychno quolibet emissam metiri posset: idem denique rationem ex-cogitavit, qua illius &phgr;&agr;&rgr;µ&agr;&kgr;&ngr; &ngr;&eegr;&pgr;∈&ngr;&thgr;o&ugr;s quo utuntur medici tenuis--simam quamque guttam expenderet. Harum rerum inventorem nonsolumlde Academia nostra, sed de omnibus qui Soientise incumbunt,.atqueadeo de universe hominum genere bene meruisse iure dixerim.

The ,4VICE-CHANCELLOR in admitting Mr. Vernon Harcourtto the:degree said :—

Vir ingeniosissime, quem non solum decem lustra multa cumutilitate, multa cum laude scientiee dedita, sed nota animi bonitas,mentis acumen, caritas discipulorum et discipularum innumerabilium,denique familiaritas nee brevis nee infirma Oxonia’ tuæ commendant,quemque hodie reducem omnes tam leetis oculis aspicimus, egoauctoritate mea et’;totius universitatis admitto te libenter ad gradumDoctoris in Scientia, honoris causa.

Next came the presentation of various addresses of con-

gratulation on behalf of various universities and learnedsocieties, the Vice-Chancellor receiving each several onewith some appropriate comment.A letter was then read from the Chancellor regretting his

inability to be present but in which he sent his warmestgood wishes to the University and referred with gratitudeto the magnificent gifts of the Drapers’ Company, thelatest of which is that of 25,000 for the equipmentof an electrical laboratory. The Convocation was then dis-solved.The VICE-CHANCELLOR in his address which followed

said that the present gathering was a landmark inthe history of natural science at Oxford. 50 years,ago the site of the museum was a green field. Themuseum had passed through the period of its infantinediseases and was now launched on life. Before that timethe professors of science " wandered about in caves and densof the earth." Story-Maskelyne and Brodie taught and weretaught in cellars. Now natural science had its palace, moreor less equipped. But buildings were not all, and the list ofpast Oxford scientific names was notable, from Roger Bacon,through Wallis, Wren, and Bradley to Henry Smith.Linacre and Sydenham were among the greatest names inEnglish medicine. Buckland left Oxford in 1845 despairingto obtain a museum or organised scientific instruction;but what he despaired of, in a decade Acland, withthe help of Pusey among others, carried cut. As forthe Vice-Chancellor’s own relations to science, they werethose of an amateur, but of a keenly interested amateur,from the days when as a boy he came under the influenceof W. B. Carpenter ; his recollections covered the memoryof successive keepers of the museum, Philips, Henry Smith,Dr. Tylor, the father of English anthropology, then present,and Professor Miers. Medical science had been resurrectedin Acland, Burdon-Sanderson, and Osler. And the methodsof science reflected upon other studies and promoted research. Still, as Professor Ray Lankester complained of our publicmen, natural science was not yet brought home to our

younger students. The very guesses of early Greek thinkersshould be familiar to men of science. The student ofAristotle should read Darwin and the student of Darwin

study, as Huxley did, Aristotle. So much for the past; forthe future the outlook was brilliant, as well through themunificence of benefactors as from the high qualities of theconstantly increasing staff of the museum.

In the afternoon a reception was held in the UniversityMuseum buildings, the Vice-Chanoellor presiding at a meet-ing held in the lecture theatre to hear an address from Dr.A. (jr. Vernon Harcourt on the Early History of the Museum.The room was crowded long before the commencement of thelecture and a proportion of visitors were unable to gainadmission.

Dr. HARCOURT referred to the condition of science in theUniversity some 50 years ago and then recalled the fact thatin July, 1847, Dr. Henry Acland drew up a memorandumwhich was signed by Dr. Daubeny, professor of chemistry andbotany, P. B. Duncan, keeper of the Ashmolean Museum,Robert Walker, reader in experimental philosophy, and byhimself as Lees Reader in anatomy. It. proposed that thecontents of the Ashmolean Museum, the anatomical museumin Christ Church, and the geological collection in theClarendon should be transferred to an edifice where there shouldbe also lecture rooms and an apartment to serve as a libraryfor scientific meetings. Unfortunately, Dr. Buckland,professor of geology and Dean of Westminster, who was incharge of the geological collection, refused to sign on theground that any progress of natural history in Oxford was

hopeless. "It was," he wrote, "a detriment to a candidatefor a degree or a fellowship to have given any portion of histime and attention to objects so alien from what is thoughtto be the proper business of the University as natural historyin any of its branches." This reply was a great discourage-ment to Dr. Acland and might have turned his attention tothe other of the two objects which he, with others, waspursuing concurrently-namely, the development of naturalscience education in Oxford. In November of the followingyear he put his views on this subject together in the form ofa published letter addressed to Dr. Jacobson. The creationof the natural science school and the extension of naturalscience teaching might not have been much delayed ifit had lacked the aid of Dr. Acland’s advocacy. But itwas not so with his other object-the - building - of themuseum. The balance ot advantage, it could not be doubtecl,was with the plan of gathering all the natural sciences,as far as possible, under one roof. Others helped but he ledthe way. For the task which he undertook he had extra-

ordinary qualifications. Dr. Harcourt concluded by sayingthat though he was there to take part in celebrating thebirth of the museum, he must express his sympathy with, andhis belief in the great advantage of, college laboratories, awelcome and splendid addition to which had just been madeby Jesus College. - The great additions which had been maderecently to the buildings both marked the advance ofscientific teaching and showed that the University was stillready to make provision for that teaching with open hand.He asked all present to join in hoping that that which wasdone there in the two directions of increasing knowledge andthe handing it down, might be worthy of the efforts madeby those who planned and added to the building. They hadaimed at providing investigators and students with everyfacility for rapid and successful work.At the conclusion of the address a vote of, thanks, moved

by Professor H. F. MIERS, the newly elected Principal ofthe University of London, and seconded by Professor BOYDDAWKINS, was unanimously accorded. A marble bust of thelate Professor W. F. R. Weldon was then presented to thedelegates by Dr. Fowler on behalf of the committee andaccepted by the Vice-Chancellor. The proceedings thenterminated.

THE LONDON MEDICAL EXHIBITION.

As announced in our issue last week the annual LondonMedical Exhibition took place at the Horticultural Hall,Vincent-square, Westminster. The exhibition opened onOct. 5th and lasted up to the evening of the 9th. The drugtrade was strongly represented and the variety and qualityof the exhibits on the whole did not suffer by comparisonwith those of previous exhibitions. The stalls in theHorticultural Hall were tastefully arranged and the

organising committee had spared no pains to renderthe exhibition a social as well as a commercial success.

A considerable number of medical men availed themselvesof the opportunity afforded them of viewing in favour-able circumstances many of the latest advances in

pharmaceutical preparations and in surgical, scientific,and sanitary appliances. As in the accounts of theexhibition in former years, the pharmaceutical preparationsmay first briefly be considered.

Messrs. Duncan, Flockhart, ana Uo. (148, r arrlngaon-roaa,London, E.C.) had at their stall specimens of yariousanæsthetic products, including Duncan’s chloryl anæsthetic.

Capsules and compressed tablets, containing drugs in almostevery conceivable combination and in infinite variety, wereto be seen, and preparations of the formates and antisepticpowder and ointments. Perhaps the largest and fullest exhibitfrom a pharmaceutical standpoint was that of WilliamMartindale (10, New Cavendish-street, London, W.). Amongthe many exhibits were : arsamin, a new organic arseniccompound ; soluble ear bougies, and clinical test cases ; anopsonic index outfit for collecting specimens of blood on

the medical man’s rounds; capsules of amyl nitrite and ofisobutyl nitrite; compound asthma fluid, active and purebeer yeast in powder, and fasxin pills made of theextract ; glycerine extracts of drugs ; injectio antim.oxid. used in conjunction with sodium coumarate in

the treatment of cancer; "ovules" " of glyco-gelatin

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and theobroma basis for gynaecological use ; I solubes "

for preparation of antiseptic lotions ; trilactine, lacticacid bacilli for the treatment of intestinal fermenta-tion due to pathogenic bacteria; and unguentum thoriioleas employed in the treatment of eczema. Messrs.Parke, Davis, and Co. (Beak-street, Regent-street, London,W.) as usual showed a large assortment of their variousmedicinal specialities and medical appliances. Among theexhibits which attracted attention were a Glaseptic

"

nebuliser and "Glaseptic" pocket nebuliser for naso-

pharyngeal medication, and medicine cases for the motor-car,carriage, hand, or pocket. The bacterial vaccines exhibitedby this firm were of the greatest interest. These vaccines consist of bacterial cultures which have been sterilised at a

temperature of 60° C., and which have been diluted with a¼ per cent. solution of lysol. They are put up in glass bulbswhich in each case contain a little more than 1 cubic centi-metre of vaccine. Messrs. Parke, Davis, and Co. supply staphy-lococcus, streptococcus, gonococcus, tubercle and typhoidvaccines. Another comprehensive display of pharmaceuticalpreparations was made by Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome,and Co. (Snow Hill Buildings, London). Of the recentlyintroduced medicinal products shown by this firm maybe mentioned the arylarsonates, organic arsenical pre-parations for use in the treatment of sleeping sickness,syphilis, and malaria ; the ’’ Ernutin " preparations, present-ing the active therapeutic principle of ergot; and the supra-renal gland preparations to which has been given the nameof "Hemisine." There were also shown specimens of thezinc salt of sulphanilic acid issued under the name of" Nizin," a non-irritating and non-toxic antiseptic. Messrs.

Evans, Sons, Lescher, and Webb, Limited (60, Bartholomew-close, London, E. C.), made a special feature of their exhibitof "Membroids," that is, of drugs inclosed in a membraneby a process invented by themselves. Drugs subjected tothis mechanical process are stated to pass through thestomach undissolved into the intestines where solution and

absorption take place. , ...

Digestive products and pancreatic extracts were to be seenin great variety at the stall of Messrs. Fairchild Bros. andFoster (Snow-hill Buildings, London, E. C.). Among the mostnoteworthy of these were ’’ Pepsenica," a solution of theessential organic ingredients of the gastric juice extracteddirectly from the peptic glands of the stomach ; pepsin inscales, soluble and suitable for the preparation of pepsinsolutions, wines, &c. ; zymine, an extract of the pancreaspresenting all the active principles of the gland in the formof a dry whitish powder, and other preparations from thepancreas gland. Pills, tablets, suppositories, and trituratesof every description were exhibited by Messrs. ArthurH. Cox and Co., Limited (Brighton, and 37, Berners-street, London, W.). The display of the Charles H.

Phillips Chemical Company (14, Henrietta-street, CoventGarden, London, W.C.) consisted of their well-known"milk of magnesia" and of "phospho-muriate of quininecompound." Messrs. John Timpson and Co., Limited(104 and 106, Golden-lane, London, E. C.), sole agents forMessrs. Johnson and Johnson, exhibited specimens of thisfirm’s aseptic and antiseptic dressings, surgical and medicinalplasters, and Red Cross ligatures and sutures. Several

original and antiseptic preparations were on the stall ofMessrs. C. J. Hewlett and Son, Limited (35-42, Charlotte-street, London, E.C. ), including somnigen," an opiumpreparation, and antithermogen, an antiseptic and absorbentdressing. Lin. betulas co., a combination of oil ofsweet birch, useful in the external treatment of rheuma-tism, sciatica, lumbago, &c., and mist. tussi rub.

cone., a compound of hydrobromic acid, chlorodyne,ether, and hydrocyanic acid, are other preparationsshown by Messrs. Hewlett. Among the exhibits of Messrs.Knoll and Co. (8, Harp-lane, London, E.C.) were bromural,a nerve sedative and mild hypnotic, diuretin used inthe treatment of dropsy and cardiac asthma, and tannablinemployed especially in the diarrhoea of children. TheJ. D. Riedel Company (Cross-lane and Harp-lane, London,E.C.) showed specimens of chemical and organic pro-ducts, and of thiol, a synthetic compound of sulphurfor use in diseases of the skin, rheumatism, and gout.At the stall of Messrs. Thomas Christy and Co. (4, 10, and12, Old Swan-lane, Upper Thames-street, London, E.C.)might be seen many therapeutic agents of value. Themost prominent of these were ergotole, a liquid preparation

of ergot from which all irritating, nauseating, and inert

principles were said to have been removed, and an anti-diabetic yeast. The Angier Chemical Co., Limited (32,Snow-hill, London, E.C.) exhibited specimens of their well.known emulsion and throat tablets. Coalin, the active

principle isolated from bile, was the chief exhibit of Messrs.T. Morson and Son (14, Elm-street, Gray’s Inn-road,London, W.C.). Coalin is stated to be useful in thetreatment of complaints arising from an inefficient anddisordered bile flow. Messrs. A. and M. Zimmermann (3,Lloyd’s Avenue, London, E.C.), agents for Schering, Kalle,and Co. and Hell and Co., exhibited the preparations ofthese firms, including antistreptococcus serum (Dr. Aronson),the organotherapeutic preparations of Professor Dr. A. vonPoehl, St. Petersburg, and bilitin, suggested for use in thetreatment of gall-stones. Novocain was the sole exhibit ofthe Saccharin Corporation, Limited (165, Queen Victoria-street, London, E.C.). Messrs. Oppenheimer, Son, andCo., Limited (179, Queen Victoria-street, London, E.C.)had a full and interesting display of their up-to-datepreparations. There were shown serums of various kinds," palatinoids

" and " bipalatinoids " and a prepara-

tion known as "wychodyne," distilled from HamamelisVirginiana. Cocacorn, extract of acorn combined withcocoa; thermogene, an absorbent medicated wool; andCalifornia syrup of figs were exhibited by Messrs. Fassettand Johnson (31 and 32, Snow-hill, London, E.C.), repre-senting Messrs. Seabury and Johnson. The chemicalsand pharmaceutical preparations on exhibition by Messrs.E. Merck (16, Jewry-street, London, E.C.) were in

keeping with the high reputation of the firm. Elixir

lactopeptine, by the use of which as a vehicle it isclaimed that the irritant properties and unpleasant tasteof certain drugs are avoided, was on view at the stallof Messrs. John Morgan Richards and Sons, Limited (46,Holborn-viaduct, London, E.C.). Messrs. Leslies, Limited

(Spencer House, South-place, Finsbury, London, E.C.),displayed in great variety plasters, surgical dressings,bandages, and gauzes. Formolyptol, a formaldehydepreparation, and hasmaboloids were the distinctive exhibitsof Messrs. Andrus and Andrus (46, Holborn-viaduct,London, E.C.). A large and diversified assortment ofmedical preparations was to be seen at the stall of the

Anglo-American Pharmaceutical Co., Limited (3 and 5,Frith-road, Croydon). Among the most noticeable ofthese were Huxley’s syrups of acid glycerophosphates,iodoleine, and lactoformalin pigment. Izal in many formswas shown by Messrs. Newton, Chambers, and Co., Limited(331, Gray’s Inn-road, London, W.C.). A few useful pharma-ceutical preparations and dietetic biscuits and lozenges wereexhibited by Messrs. Rouse and Co. (12, Wigmore-street,Cavendish-square, London. W.). The Maltine Manufac-

turing Co. (24 and 25, Hart-street, London, W.C.) had onview maltine " and Carnrick’s liquid peptonoids. Messrs.

Corbyn, Stacey, and Co., Limited (673, Commercial-roadEast, London, E.) bad a good display of drugs and chemicalsand of pharmaceutical preparations.

(To be continued.)

Looking Back.FROM

THE LANCET, SATURDAY, Oct. 16th, 1830.GENTLEMEN,--It is but a short time since one of the most

distinguished members of our legislative body asked me,what was meant by MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE ? Were such a

question to be put now, one might, with tolerable safety(though certainly not with perfect politeness) refer theinquirer to the bill-stickers of London and Middlesex. Tosome in my situation, it might appear to be a dream, ormerely a picture drawn in the imagination-that a branchof medical study, unrecognised by any of the medicalauthorities in this kingdom should have raised such a

ferment in society as we have just seen it do; should haveroused the attention of men of all classes ; should havecaused the assembling of 50,000 sensible and well-conductedpersons, for no other purpose than to listen with eagerness toone of our profession, while he described the nature, the vital