The Lowdown

WSU Spokane County Extension Master Gardeners July 2016 The Lowdown

Inside this issue:

Foundation News 2

Banquet News 3

Tough and Charming 6

Book Review 8

Self-study Quiz 12

Upcoming Events 14

Extension Information

Dr. Jeremy Cowan 477-2145

Regional Horticulture Specialist

jeremy.cowan.@wsu.edu

Tim Kohlhauff 477-2172

Horticulture Program Coordinator

tkohlhauff@spokanecounty.org

Anna Kestell 477-2195

Food Preservation/Safety

akestell@spokanecounty.org

Jackie Sykes 477-2193

Clinic Coordinator

jsykes@spokanecounty.org

Master Gardener County Site

http://ext100.wsu.edu/spokane/

Master Gardener Foundation of Spo-

kane County

http://www.mgfsc.org/

WSU Master Gardener Site

http://ext100.wsu.edu/spokane/master-

gardener-program/

HortSense Fact Sheets

http://hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu/Home/

HortsenseHome.aspx

On Line Timelog Reporting:

http://ext.wsu.edu/Volunteers/logon.aspx

Can Our Lawns Ameliorate Climate Change?

By Kathleen Callum

(with technical assistance from Tim Kohlhauff)

Conventional lawns emit toxic levels of greenhouse gases that contribute to glob-

al climate change, worsening natural disasters all over the Earth. America boasts

40 million acres of lawn. Lawn acreage expands by 600 square miles per year.

Heavily manicured lawns use 270 billion gallons of water per week, 90 million

pounds of synthetic fertilizer, 78 million pounds of pesticide and herbicide, they

burn 800 million gallons of fossil fuel in mowers and cost $30 billion annually.

Lawn care industry road-miles, leaf blowers, lawn-edgers, aerators and other fos-

sil fuel powered machines exacerbate the negative impact of lawns on the planet.

"It's impossible for these [conventional] lawns to be net greenhouse gas sinks be-

cause too much fuel is used to maintain them” (Live Science 2010). So, what are

the alternatives?

Master Gardener Kris Moberg-Hendron gives an outstanding presentation on al-

ternatives to conventional lawn. Her own landscape exemplifies the appealing

beauty of drought tolerant native plants. One of my own Master Gardener talks,

inspired by Food Not Lawns (Flores 1999), advocates growing dinner right out-

side the door to offset the carbon footprint of food that typically travels 1500

miles to our plates. My front lawn is now a lush food garden. Converting lawn to

other uses dramatically lowers one’s carbon footprint on Earth. But, what if you

have children, grandchildren and pets? Or your family can’t bear to part with that

inviting grassy space outside your home? Or you live in an area where homeown-

er’s associations or other municipal laws regulate what you can do with your

lawn? My family clamored for at least one patch of green lawn.

(continued on page 10)

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FOUNDATION NEWS By Tim Stiess

Happy July!

As I sit and write this I have a spectacular view (as you read this, I am probably back to my usual Spo-kane view). The picture was taken from the front yard of the family’s little three-season home in New York state. It has been 44 years that I have been coming to this place to visit with family and good friends.

The long drive across the country gave me plenty of opportunity for quality time with Beth and our dog, Bollo. It was also time that I reflected on the year since the last journey east.

It has been a big year with the Foundation for me. I went from the generally symbolic position of vice-president to president which meant I actually had to do more work. Yikes!

But, do you know what? It has been a great experience.

The Program and the Foundation are made of so many talented people with a great passion for the mission of the Program. It is hard not to want to be a part.

I always look forward to our monthly meeting of the Board of Directors. This group of amazing peo-ple has been working extremely hard to continue to build the relatively new Foundation into a suc-cessful AND sustainable organization. My main complaint is that I only get to spend two hours per month with many of them. Just in case you have forgotten who the Directors are (in no particular or-der)…

Jill Ferguson (Secretary), Vivian Powers, Julie Levine, Linda Racicot (Treasurer), Matt Velasco, Cathi Lamoreux, Laren Sunde (Vice-President), Pam Graham, Sue Malm, and (oh, yeah) Tim Stiess

If that wasn’t enough, there are numerous people, beyond the Board members, that also work count-less hours for the Foundation in addition to the hours that they volunteer for the Program. The Fall Banquet team, led by Lynn Meyers, started working on the 2016 Fall Banquet even before the 2015 Fall Banquet was over. (Make sure to read Lynn’s article in this month’s Lowdown for more infor-mation about the upcoming event). The Cabin Fever team, led now by Vivian Powers, is up for the challenge of one-upping this past Cabin Fever success.

AND so many more people doing so many important things.

Other than the brief anxiety attack in the first hour of Garden Fair caused by the tidal wave of shop-pers, I can say that all my reflections have been good ones.

Thank you all for making good memories for me. Now, no more reflection and time for family and friends.

PS. I promise next month’s note from me will have less sentimental hogwash and more substance.

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You are cordially invited to the Fall Banquet Thursday, October 27!

The big news at the Fall Banquet this year is our keynote speaker, world famous plant col-lector & author Dan Hinkley. Dan’s presenta-tion is entitled “The Explorer’s Garden: Plants from the Four Corners of the World.” As a “modern day” David Douglas, Dan will provide a perfect transition from last year’s conversation with Jack Nisbet. Dan’s com-mitment and passion for plant collecting have earned him numerous awards from the world’s leading horticultural institutions. We are thrilled to have him join us, and we know you are too.

We are pleased to continue the tradition of our silent auction and delighted to introduce a delicious new mini-auction format for dessert. There will be decadent options at the Dessert Dash—a lively event allowing you and your tablemates to select your dream dessert. Savvy groups will work together to se-cure their first choice, so it will pay to be alert when the opportunity comes. Teamwork always pays off.

We are also excited to be bringing back raffles. There will be a 50/50 drawing for a chance to win half the jackpot of money collected through raffle ticket sales! A big thank you to Tim Stiess for filing the paperwork to secure our raffle license.

Tickets go on sale July 1 through Brown Paper Tickets. Use the convenient link from the foundation website (www.mgfsc.org) or order directly over the phone at 1-800-838-3006. Sit with friends at your own reserved table by having one person in charge of the ticket purchase for all eight of you. Contact Lynn Meyers if you have questions on tickets: 509-290-1620 or meyersl@me.com.

We look forward to sharing this celebration with you!

Your Fall Banquet Committee: Amy Finkel, Claudia Hartanov, Maggie Smith, Jill Ferguson, Jan Shellen-berger & Lynn Meyers

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We are so glad you are with us!

Vi Tiegs 6-Jul

Rhonda Elliott 7-Jul

Dee Johnson 7-Jul

Mia Marcum-McCoy 8-Jul

Jane Beaven 10-Jul

Merilee Dinneen 10-Jul

Jackie Sykes 12-Jul

Carol Williams 13-Jul

Lynette Rich 15-Jul

Marilyn Carothers 17-Jul

Cathi Lamoreux 18-Jul

Mark Stiltz 19-Jul

Karen Whitehead 21-Jul

Susan Malm 23-Jul

Rose Jacobus 28-Jul

Steve Nokes 29-Jul

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Just Wondering

By Kris Moberg-Hendron

This month I searched for ‘pollinators’ and

found this.

What is your reaction and/or comment?

Let me know at: kriskow1@hotmail.com

June’s ‘Wondering’ Responses to ‘healthy soil’

A few of you gave me your response to the result of my e-search

for photos of ‘healthy soil.’

The responses were thoughtful and included these snippets (Feel free to discuss them among yourselves!):

“Gardeners hands in soil, growing food.”,

“...take care of the soil so we can continue to grow food…” ,

“.. Subliminal message to healthy eaters.”,

“… appears so PERFECT”, “… devoid of life…”, “… basil is so PERFECT, too.”, “PERFECTLY posed hands … “,

(could this be advertising?),

“If I did a healthy soils pic, it would probably be teeming with worms and feature a legume plant,…”,

“My impression is that this is a handful of dampened organic matter… too fluffy to have soil mixed in…”

(Thank you Marilynne, Kathy, and Jackie!)

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TOUGH AND CHARMING—A GREAT GARDEN COMBINATION

By Eva Lusk

The many native plants in my garden help to remind me that our lo-

cal plants are both beautiful and easy to grow because they naturally

thrive in this area. I wouldn’t be without them, but I’m not above

adding quite a variety of plants from other parts of the world—as

long as they also enjoy our growing conditions.

Over the years, I’ve had good luck with a number of such foreigners, but I’ve also had my share of fail-

ures. Failures occurred mainly because I didn’t read the label carefully enough and planted newly ac-

quired lovelies in places where they would look good among the other plants, but which were not nec-

essarily ideally suited to the newcomers’ needs.

I was aiming for a certain look, when I should have considered what each plant needed to thrive in my

garden. And most important of all, if it would survive our winters and other growing conditions. Over

time, I learned to keep the plant’s needs in mind, and thus reduced dramatically the number of new per-

ennials that turned into expensive annuals.

I also learned how important good drainage is to most plants. Oreganos, even ornamental ones, are very

easy to grow when you provide good drainage. Too much water on their roots, and they’ll rot out. Give

them good drainage and not too much water, and they become lovely, drought tolerant plants that return

year after year.

A little research in HERBS IN BLOOM by Jo Ann Gardener helped. She points out that even orna-

mental oreganos can survive colder temperatures in drier parts of the West. Add humidity to cold tem-

peratures and the plants won’t be happy. Quick drainage and an open, sunny site are essential. That was

all I needed to know to successfully grow wonderful oreganos.

Completely charmed by the hops-like flowers, I bought ‘Kent Beauty,’ and Origanum libanoticum. I

planted both on a slight slope in a sunny location that’s not heavily watered. And they’ve been thriving

there ever since. They produce seedlings, too, that I dig up and transplant. I’ve also continued to add

other ornamental oregano varieties that are equally lovely and like our growing conditions.

‘Barbara Tingey’ is one of those. It’s another O. rotundifolium and quite similar to ‘Kent Beauty.’

Since the tag disappeared, I have a hard time figuring out which is which. But I can easily recognize O.

‘Amethyst Falls’ and O. ‘Bristol Cross.’ The first has short, flatter hops-like bracts with prominent pur-

ple flowers on the sides. The second has narrow, long, rosy- purple bracts and flowers. Both are quite

stunning.

All of these oreganos look great cascading over a ledge, rocks, or down slopes. They are not naturally

upright, although ‘Bristol Cross’ is taller and more easily staked. Origanum laevigatum

(continued on page 7)

Oreganum ‘Amethyst Falls’

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(continued from page 6)

‘Herrenhausen’ and O. x ‘Rosenkuppel’ are also two taller varieties with striking, but more conventional

flowers. ‘Herrenhausen’ has dark maroon stems, buds and seed pods. The flowers are purplish pink.

‘Rosenkuppel’ is quite similar, but the flowers are rosier and less purplish.

Bees and butterflies love oreganos and deer and rabbits have never eaten them in my garden. They flower all

summer long and even look attractive for most of the winter if left uncut in the garden. But there’s more.

Every one of the oreganos can be used as a long-lasting cut flower and even keeps its color for more than a

year in dried flower arrangements. They’re so easy to dry that I often just put them into a vase without water

and enjoy them without much work at all.

A couple of years ago, I picked a mass of ‘Kent Beauty’ and O. libanoticum and used them in a bridal bou-

quet for my niece. The oreganos outshone the white roses that were also part of the arrangement. I’m putting

together another wedding bouquet for the third of July. This time I’ll also add some sprigs of O. ‘Amethyst

Falls’ and maybe a few stems of the annual white love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena). The name seems so

appropriate for a wedding bouquet.

I’d love to add another gem that has been with me for a while, but it is just coming into bud and won’t be

ready yet. The flower is quite exotic. It belongs to a small perennial pelargonium that is actually winter har-

dy in our area—something I didn’t quite believe, but was willing to try.

I planted it in the spring, and in July when it flowered, I was immediately charmed. How could I not? The

flowers looked like rosy pink butterflies on the stems. Two large petals and long stork’s bill all perched on

stalks above the foliage give that effect.

The plant itself is small, suitable for a rock garden or the front of a border. The leaves definitely remind you

of those belonging to the geraniums we often plant in pots for their lush growth and continuous bloom. But

in the fall, we don’t have to bring this little true perennial inside. The basal foliage turns reddish, but doesn’t

die back.

All winter long it sits there in the garden decked out in reddish-green foliage, looking cold but still alive.

When the weather warms up, the leaves turn green again and new growth appears as well. And here they are

again this summer, those wonderful butterfly flowers ready to exude their charm once more.

This delightful plant is the Turkish pelargonium or Pelargonium endlicheri-

anum. It’s a tidy, mounding plant and each year it’s increased a bit in size.

By now, I’ve divided it several times, and moved it to various other parts of

the garden where it has good drainage. It even does well in poorer soil and

part shade.

Pelargonium endlicherianum

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A Book Review by Kris Moberg-Hendron

The Teeth of the Lion

The Story of the Beloved and Despised Dandelion

By Anita Sanchez

Dandelions are incredible plants! The title of this book pretty much tells it all. Dandelions are ubiqui-

tous. They are found on nearly every continent. They are beloved by many worldwide (What mother

has not received and treasured bouquets of the cheerful, yellow flowers from tiny hands?) and despised

by most Americans (especially those who love their golf-course lawns!).

If you are looking for some fun, yet educational, lighter reading for summer, this is your book! The

Teeth of the Lion The Story of the Beloved and Despised Dandelion by Anita Sanchez (The McDon-

ald & Woodward Publishing Company, 2006) brings to light some little-appreciated reasons why hu-

mans have a continuing love/hate relationship with dandelions.

The author cleverly pulls the reader into the science with the use of historically accurate vignettes at the

beginning of each chapter and then delivers some fascinating facts in a very readable manner. The end

of each chapter contains notes that contain source material and further interesting tidbits that the reader

can continue researching, if they are so inclined. A bibliography at the end of the book has left me with

a great shopping list for my next visit to Barnes & Noble, as well as an introduction to some new au-

thors.

Dandelions are mainly despised in this country, but they have kept humans alive since the beginning of

the human era. Did you know that every part of the dandelion is nutritiously edible? Did you know

that it is possible to make dandelion ‘coffee’ as well as dandelion wine? Did you know that North

America did not have dandelions until the Pilgrims brought them from England? Do you know why the

Pilgrims brought them over from England? These an other facts are discussed and explained. There

are even a few recipes included.

Dandelions are amazing plants found on almost every continent, but do you know to where they are na-

tive? (I won’t ruin the surprise, you have to wait until the end of the book to learn that location.) They

are incredibly resilient and quick to respond to any changes in their environment.

(continued on page 9)

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(continued from page 8)

Dandelions do not need pollinators to make seeds. They have a process called apomixis that allows them to

create exact replicas of themselves through seeds that have not been pollinated by insects or wind. The

amazing thing is, they provide rich food for the pollinators who do visit their flowers and they expand their

gene pool by spreading those seeds that carry more than just their own genetic material, but it’s not neces-

sary. If it is too cold or too wet for pollination, they just create viable seeds that contain only their own ge-

netic material.

Even the smallest piece of a dandelion can create a new plant. If you don’t get every root-hair when you

pull the dandelion, the smallest piece will grow a new plant. If you only get a part of the root, a new plant

will replace the damaged one. (Is it any wonder we can never fully rid the yard of dandelions?)

Dandelions grow from late winter to early winter, only stopping growth when the ground is solidly frozen.

It has been described as nature’s ‘appetizer’ and ‘dessert’ because it is usually one of the first plants to show

up (sometimes even under snow cover) and usually the last plant to die back (usually under snow cover).

Dandelions are important wildlife food, especially in the early spring when other food sources are depleted.

The stories told by Anita Sanchez are enchanting and the book definitely gave me a great respect for this

much-maligned ‘weed.’ I definitely do not view dandelions the way I did before I read the book. For light,

but fascinating, reading give The Teeth of the Lion a little of your time.

Taraxacum officinale

The Lowdown Page 10

(continued from page 1)

While not as powerful as forest or native prairie, lawn

does have potential as a carbon sink capable of seques-

tering (storing) carbon in the soil. White clover is one

secret. The way lawn is managed is the other secret. Tru-

ly “green” lawn can remove greenhouse gases from the

atmosphere as well as save money and time. Before

World War II, and the stranglehold of synthetic fertilizer

and herbicide, grass seed mixes typically included Dutch

white clover (Trifolium repens) because it added nitro-

gen to the soil. Herbicides kill white clover because it is

a broad-leaved plant. Unfortunately, today’s monocul-

ture lawns lacking in clover demand high maintenance.

We spend 70 hours a year maintaining our lawns and

gardens. If you are going to retain lawn, make it one

with some white clover capable of fertilizing for you!

Many people have switched to an organic lawn fertilizer because it is less toxic and requires less

maintenance. Conventional fertilizer triggers a rapid flush of emerald green activity that will only re-

quire more lawn care. In contrast, organic fertilizers produce slow but steady release of nitrogen that

benefits lawn and planet. However, even organic bagged fertilizer has its environmental cost. A better

option is a biodiverse lawn polyculture that features white clover amidst the grass. White clover pro-

vides for all of a lawn’s nitrogen needs at the lowest cost and for the least amount of work. A bio-

diverse lawn is less disease prone and more resilient in the face of climate change, so it seldom requires

troubleshooting.

Master Gardeners have been talking a lot about the U.N. “International Year of the Pulses.” Pulses are

dried members of the legume family that are healthy for us as well as healthy for the living soil. All leg-

umes, because of a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobia bacteria, are capable of enhancing the soil’s

natural carbon sequestration ability. A miracle occurs when perennial white clover shelters Rhizobia

bacteria in nodules at its roots. Like pulses and all other legumes, white clover fixes nitrogen, is be-

loved by pollinators and dramatically improves healthy, living soil. White clover flowers add a lovely,

delicate, ornamental note to the lawn.

White clover (also known as New Zealand Clover or Ladino Clover) is a perennial that tolerates foot

traffic and compaction. ‘Wild white’ is the lowest growing and withstands the most traffic. White clo-

ver spreads out via stolons (roots) to protect the soil, so once a stand is well established it doesn’t re-

quire as much maintenance as grass. Grass cycling will further increase the carbon sequestration poten-

tial of your lawn. So will diversifying lawn with dandelion, violets, mosses, sedges and wildflowers.

White clover naturally aerates your soil, so you won’t even need specialized equipment. White clover is

hardy to Zone 4. It is adaptable to flooding, cool spring weather and some summer drought. It works in

a variety of soils (clay to sands). It functions in a wide spectrum of pH (acid to neutral). It will survive

in full sun or partial shade. White clover makes an excellent living mulch under fruit trees, a companion

planting for blueberry bushes or forage for critters on the urban homestead.

(continued on page 11)

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(continued from page 10)

Managing lawn organically, as well as allowing it to go dormant in dry periods further lowers carbon foot-

print. Leave your lawn at least 4” high to safely overwinter low growing clover and cut it no more than 2”-

3” in summer. Caring for clover should inspire people to leave grass a little longer. This enables lawn to

withstand summer drought, but it also results in the happy circumstance of lowered gas-mower fossil fuel

consumption and emissions. Switching to electric lawn care equipment can also lower impact on the planet.

And reel lawn mowers, or better yet, livestock are the trendiest of healthy regenerative soil statements.

White clover is high in protein (28%) and other nutrients, so diversifying lawn makes excellent forage for

urban homestead. Good forage is especially important if you want chickens, rabbits, sheep or other low car-

bon footprint grazers to mow the grass instead of a gas-powered mower.

A healthy white clover stand in your lawn might live for up to 12 years. For optimal establishment, make

sure you seed 40 days before any killing frost. A common planting density for white clover ranges from 5%

on lawn turf to up to 25% of pasture grass. One author proposes entire “clover lawns.” Inoculate clover seed

with the appropriate live culture for the optimal formation of legume root nodules. This is especially critical

for sterile dead lawn, heavily sprayed lawns, or if you do not already have any volunteer wild clover in your

lawn.

Rodale recommends over-seeding white clover mixed with a thin layer of fine-screened compost, which

helps keep the soil surface moist until germination occurs. A pound of compost (carbon) is capable of hold-

ing up to 40 pounds of water. An annual dressing keeps lawns, with or without clover, naturally healthy,

green and fertile. It also reduces irrigation water use over dry periods. After a couple of years, a healthy mix

of white clover in your lawn will ensure that soil organic carbon migrates (thanks to the increased biological

activity in the soil food web) downward as much as 1 to 2 meters (~3-6’) deep!

A dense stand of white clover is capable of fixing 70 to 200 pounds (estimates vary) of nitrogen per acre per

year. An acre of organically managed lawn, with a mix of white clover, might sequester as much as an esti-

mated 920 lbs of carbon per year. Using a polyculture of perennial clover to fertilize your lawn instead of

purchased fertilizer also cancels out any emissions related to its application, transport and manufacture. For

comparative purposes, temperate forests are capable of sequestering 2000 to 6000 lbs of carbon per year.

Mature grasslands can sequester 2400 to 3600 lbs per year. By all means, please DO reduce lawn footprint,

care for or plant powerful carbon sequestering trees and savor patches of carbon sequestering native tall

prairie grass.

But, what if those of us who opt to retain lawn all immediately rushed out and planted

a bare minimum of 5% of white clover amidst the grass? If our calculations are correct,

America could potentially sequester 36,800,000,000 lbs. (18,400,000 tons) of carbon

annually. That means that America’s healthy, living lawns managed organically could

potentially offset the annual emissions from some 3,361,652 cars. This carbon seques-

tration figure does not even begin to count the significant reduction in carbon emis-

sions gained during the conversion from conventional to organic lawn management, as

those American lawns with white clover now become self-fertilizing. Every bee buzz-

ing around a white clover plant, which is harboring Rhizobia bacteria at its roots, right

in the soil of your healthy living lawn, counts towards our future. Plus, now you might

have more chance of finding a four leaf clover!

The Lowdown Page 12

JULY 2016 QUIZ

1. Who leads the Fall Banquet team?

2. Origanums do not survive when what is added to cold temperatures?

3. While bees and butterflies like oregano plants, what critters do not?

4. Which Pelargonium has Eva had great success with in her garden (spelling counts!)?

5. What is the scientific name of the common dandelion?

6. Which part of the dandelion is not edible?

7. True or false: Dandelions require a pollinator to create viable seeds.

8. What is the name of the ability alluded to in question 7?

9. If dandelions are nature’s ‘appetizer,’ what is nature’s ‘dessert,’ according to Anita Sanchez?

10. How much lawn does America boast of having?

11. Is it possible for lawns to be ‘net greenhouse gas sinks’?

12. How far does food typically travel to our plates?

13. What are two of the secrets to lawns being able to sequester carbon in the soil?

14. Name two things white clover will provide for your lawn.

15. Since it is a legume, with what bacteria does clover have a symbiotic relationship?

16. How does white clover spread?

17. Is white clover very adaptable in the home landscape? Does it grow well in the Spokane area?

18. How much water can a pound of compost hole?

19. According to calculations reported by Kathy Callum, if everyone planted 5%

clover in their lawns, how much carbon could be sequestered annually?

20. Could you find a four-leaf clover in your lawn?

The Lowdown Page 13

ANSWERS TO JUNE 2016 QUIZ

1. Information Booths at community events

2. All MGs

3. over 2,500

4. over 90%

5. April 29

6. Tim Stiess

7. Call: 509.557.7992 or email: tstiess@outlook.com

8. Early morning

9. Viburnum Leaf Beetle

10. Pest Management Guide for Apples in Home Gardens (new fact sheet)

11. Using Coffee Grounds in Home Landscapes (new fact sheet)

12. C041 Spray Schedule for Apples

C157 Local Rose Source List

13. Coral Reef

14. Guide for Sustainable Agriculture

15. Linda Chalker-Scott

16. Refuse heap or dung hill

17. Primary

18. Availability of the scarcest element sets plant growth limit

19. Synthetic

20. Sustainable agriculture

21. Marle Worm Farm

22. worms

23. nitrate

24. ammonium

25. Rhyzobia

EXTRA CREDIT: Lewis Alumni Center

Extension programs and policies are consistent with federal and state laws and regulations on nondiscrimination regarding race, sex, religion, age, color, creed, national or ethnic origin; physical, mental, or sensory disability; marital status, sexual orientation, or status as a Vietnam-era or disabled veteran. Evidence of noncompliance may be reported through your local Extension office.

Calendar of Events

Monday 4 Independence Day Holiday—Clinic closed

Saturday 9 Friends of Manito Rose Companion Planting 10 a.m.

Monday 11 MG Foundation Meeting 10 a.m.

Monday 25 ID Clinic 3:30 p.m.—5 p.m.

PCS Training 5:30 p.m.—7 p.m.

In a Pickle @ South Hill Library 6 p.m.—7 p.m.

Monday 8 MG Foundation Meeting 10 a.m.

Monday 29 ID Clinic 3:30 p.m.—5 p.m.

PCS Training 5:30 p.m.—7 p.m.