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IBM Software Group
British Computer Society ( West Yorkshire )
The Mainframe ( System z ) in 2006 6th December 2006
Paul Carruthers – BCS Chartered IT Professional IBM UK, Software Group, ATG / TechWorks ( System z - CICS Tools )
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IBM Software Group
© IBM Corporation
The Mainframe in 2006
Introduction
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Mainframes are expensive
There’s nothing new in mainframes
ISV’s aren’t enthusiastic
Mainframe skills aren’t available
Mainframes aren’t flexible
Dispelling the myths
Mainframes aren’t expensive
Mainframes are up to date
ISV’s are enthusiastic
Mainframes skills are available
Mainframes are flexible
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Continuous development
HW
SW
S/370S/360S/370XA
31bitsESA/390
CMOS Parallel Sysplex
z/Architecture 64bits
1964 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004
S/360 S/370 S/370XA – 31 bits ESA/390 z/Architecture – 64 bits
MVT, PCP
MFTMVS - VTAM
VM
MVS/XAMVS/ESA OS/390
z/OS
DB2z/VM
LinuxCICS
HW
SW
USS -
TCP/IP
WebSphere
CMOS –
Parallel Sysplex
MVT, PCP, MFT, DOS
MVS, VTAM
CICS / IMS VM
MVS/XA
DB2
MVS/ESA OS/390
USS – TCP/IP
WebSphere
z/OS
Linux, z/VM
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Key benefits of the modern mainframe
• Reliability
• Availability
• Serviceability
• Security
• Scalability
• Centralized control
• Workload management
• Partitioning / virtualization
• Continuing compatibility
• Evolving architecture
• Application enablement, complexity, variety
• Potential for hundreds of thousands users
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Mainframe usage
SystemOperator
ProductionControl
Disk Storagedatabases
Tape StorageSequential
data sets
Partners and clients
exchange information
Reports
Data update
Reports
Statistics, summaries, exceptions
ResidenceMain office
Branch offices
Account balances bills, etc
Processingreports
MainframeProcessing batch jobs
44
55
Reports
22
1010
11
88
66
33
CREDIT CARD
1234 5678 90121234 5678 9012VALID FROM GOOD THRU
XX/XX/XX XX/XX/XX
PAUL FISCHER
XX/XX/XX XX/XX/XX
PAUL FISCHER
77
99
Mainframe processing jobs
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Mainframe workloads
Batch
Input data
Output data
Print FileDatabase
Application Programme
Performs the task
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Shared data
Request
Response
1000’s of users
Mainframe workloads
1000’s of users
Online (real time) transactionApplication Programme
Access shared data on behalf of
user
Internet connection via
firewall
Request
Response
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New workloads
60% of revenue driven by new workloads
Java
Linux
Database
SOA
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Increasing MIPS
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Enhance the value and lower the cost of computing on System z
Extend the on demand characteristics of System z
Increase the use and accountability of System z resources
Provide leadership in innovation
Maintain System z position
Improve the autonomic and self-managing capabilities of System z
Support programs designed to foster vitality in the System z community
Provide the skills and expertise to assist System z customers
Leverage key open standards and common structures
Inn
ov
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IBM is committed to delivering innovative solutions to meet our customers’ on demand business requirements.
The Mainframe Charter
®
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© IBM Corporation
The Mainframe in 2006
Innovation
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MSC MSCPU PU
PU
PU
PU PU
PU
PUSD SD
SD SD
SCCLK
Advanced 95mm x 95mm MCM PU = Processor UnitsCan be defined as a CP, SAP, IFL,
zAAP, zIIP, ICF or spare
SD = 4 System Data Cache chips
SC = 1 Storage control chipMSC = 2 memory storage
control chips
CLK = 1 Clock chip
Z9 Multi Chip Module ( MCM )
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Note: 1. Concept Illustration only - not to scale 2. 4 or 8 pluggable Memory Cards 3. Each MBA fanout card is hot-pluggable and has 2 STIs
Front View Side View
"D6"
"D4" "D5"
"F1" "D1" "D2"
"D3"
"D7" "D8"
MSC
MSC
CP 2
CP CP
HitachiCP HitachiCP
SD
SD SD
SD
SC
Memory CardsUp to 128 GB
MCMUp to 8Hot pluggable MBA/STI fanout cards
Z9 EC Processor book layout
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HybridCooling
Processor Books and Memory
CEC Cage
STI cables
SupportElements
3x I/Ocages
PowerSupplies
InternalBatteries(optional)
Front View
Fiber Quick Connect Feature
(optional)
Z9 EC Processor book layout
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FIbre CONnection (Introduced with s/390 G5 Processors Multi-mode operation: FCV, Native, or FCP (Fibre Channel Protocol)
– Linux connectivity to SCSI via FCP Data transfer characteristics:
– Full duplex data traffic (one-way in ESCON)
– Up to 4Gbs data transfer speed (with FICON Express 4)
– Peak of 270MB per second aggregate data transfer
– More than 10,000 I/O per second (500 with ESCON)
– Concurrent I/Os can occur to/from controllers, unlike ESCON’s sequential I/O processing
Can uses FICON switches, similar function to ESCON Director, or direct connect
zSer
ies
pro
cess
or
FICONChannel
FICONChannel
I/OControl
UnitFICONswitch
I/OControl
UnitI/O
Control Unit
DeviceDevice
DeviceDevice
FICON Channels
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OSA Express “Open System Adapter” – interface for networking Supports Token Ring, Ethernet (up to 10 Gigabit) A “LAN adapter” for the mainframe Integrated Console Controller – elimination of separate control unit for system
consoles
HiperSockets Allows server-to-server TCP/IP networking within the System z box
– High-performance Linux-to-Linux or Linux-to-z/OS communication
– z/OS-to-z/OS or another other combination of OS
– TCP/IP networking at memory speeds between Lpars
Sys
tem
z
pro
cess
or
OSAAdapter
LAN
System z Processor Complex – I/O
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Internal Coupling Facility (ICF) 1997
Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
2001
IBM System z9 Integrated Information Processor (zIIP) 2006
IBM System z Application Assist Processor (zAAP)
2004
Building on a strong track record of
technology innovation with specialty
engines, IBM introduces the System
z9 Integrated Information Processor
Support for new workloads and open standards
Designed to help improve resource optimization for eligible data workloads within the enterprise
Centralized data sharing across mainframes
Designed to help improve resource optimization for z/OS Java™ technology-based workloads
Technology Evolution through speciality engines
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Up to 60 logical partitions in a single server ( 100's if using z/VM )Processor independentEach partition completely isolated
EAL5 security rating for System z
Allocate memory / communication resource among partitionsRun z/OS®, Linux for System z, z/VM®, z/VSE™, z/TPF in any combination
hypervisor z/OS z/OS Linux
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
IFLLINUX
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
LINUX
DB2®
HiperSockets™
hypervisor
Deploy a wide variety of applications easily in secure, isolated partitions
System z Servers – Logical Partitioning
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Can allow 32 Lpar’s to workload share if application and subsystem is enabled
Uses a coupling facility and high speed links for communication and synchronization
Recovery is automatic
Concept of Parallel Sysplex
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System z9 Security Certifications
• Cryptographic Security Certification - Crypto Express2 – Designed to meet FIPS 140-2 Level 4 - Smart Cards – Certified to meet FIPS 140-2 Level 2
• Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408) Evaluation AssuranceLevels reference: http://niap.nist.gov/cc.scheme/ - z/OS 1.6 with RACF – Certified for Controlled Access ProtectionProfile (CAPP) EAL3+ and Labelled Security Protection Profile (LSPP) EAL3+ - SUSE Linux SLES 3 - Certified for Controlled Access ProtectionProfile (CAPP) EAL3+ - zVM V5.1 with RACF for z/VM – Certified for Controlled Access ProtectionProfile (CAPP) EAL3+ and Labelled Security Protection Profile (LSPP) EAL3+
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SOA and the Mainframe
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• A business-centric IT architectural approach that supports integrating your business as linked, repeatable business tasks, or services.
• SOA helps users build composite applications, which are applications that draw upon functionality from multiple sources within and beyond the enterprise to support horizontal business processes
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A hub for data and SOA -
massive scalability centralized management
Built upon a strong foundation:
► Security-rich, Resilient, and Virtualized capabilities
► 40 years of data serving heritage
Broad set of Open and industry standards
XML
Designed to deliver:
Greater value from mainframe assets
Lower marginal cost of growth
New capabilities faster
Greater flexibility to meet new business opportunities ( Both for Customer & Software Vendors )
AOV0406_110
System z is designed for data serving and SOA
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At a recent exclusive briefing to selected industry analysts and editors, Steve Mills, senior vice president for IBM Software Group, shared these mainframe key facts: * 95 percent of the Fortune 1000 enterprises use IMS, originally written in 1968 to support NASA's Apollo moon landing program. * 25 of the world's top 25 banks, 23 of the top 25 US retailers and 9 out of 10 of the world's largest insurance companies run DB2 for z/OS * 490 of IBM's top 500 customers run CICS. * IBM's CICS handles more than 30 billion transactions a day. * IBM has 50,000 CICS customer licenses, and 16,000 customers. * There are more than 950,000 CICS application programmers. * Continuing demand growth from emerging markets
6 bullets
Mainframe dominance of top enterprises
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Linux on System zExample architecture for an on-demand business
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The Mainframe in 2006
Value
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2094-702 2way z9 1132MIPS
=
=
Distributed UNIX Server Farm – 9 UNIX Servers is equal to 1132 of Mainframe MIPS
MF and Servers are installed in Poughkeepsie, NY…. Price is $.11/KWH
Power = 8,000 watts at $.11 per KWH …8*$.11*24*365= $7,708/yr
A/C = 7,617 watts at $.11 per KWH …7.6*$.11*24*365= $7,323/yr
Annual costs = $15,031/yr
Power = 76,410 watts at $.11 per KWH, 76.4*.11*24*365=$73,619/yr
A/C = 76,338 watts at $.11 per KWH, 76.3*.11*24*365= $73,522/yr
Annual costs = $147,141/yr
The ‘Green’ Mainframe
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The ‘Green’ Mainframe
IBM System z9 BCHelp reduce your Carbon Footprint
Replace 60 Intel-powered servers with a single z9 BC could save 160,944 kWh each year (that’s a per year reduction of 69 tonnes of CO2 emissions!).
(source – www.carbonneutral.com)
That is the equivalent CO2 reduction as performed by a mature forest the size of 17 football pitches.
(source – www.merseyforest.org.uk)
For more information visit – ibm.com/systems/uk/z/ecoframe
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Same as general purpose CPU’s exceptlimited to specific uses zAAP runs any Java workload zIIP runs specified data base workloads IFL runs Linux (natively or under VM)
Hardware is $95K–$125K one time charge Approximately 14% of general purpose price No charge for software running on zAAP/zIIP IBM software running on IFL is priced
per IFL processor (not per image) Free upgrade to next generation!
In typical scenarios, zAAP/zIIP can reduce annual (software) charges by 37% and OTC charges (hardware and software) by 43%
Speciality Processors
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Consider a transactional environment that would execute on a 2-processor z9 EC mainframe (1132 MIPS).
In this example, with zAAP, the annual (software) charges are reduced by 37% and OTC charges (hardware and software) are reduced by 43%
They may be additional savings if sub-capacity pricing were used
WAS 1132 MIPS $29K (maintenance)CICS 1132 MIPS $390KDB2 1132 MIPS $327Kz/OS 1132 MIPS $621KTOTAL $1,367K annual charges
WAS 580 MIPS $16K (maintenance)CICS 580 MIPS $272KDB2 580 MIPS $223Kz/OS 580 MIPS $349KTOTAL $860K annual charges
If one of the general processors were converted to a zAAP to run most of the Java, leaving a 1-processor z9 EC mainframe (580 MIPS)
Two general purpose processors $1,600K
WAS $145KTOTAL $1,745K One time charge
One general purpose processor $800KOne zAAP processor $125KWAS $80KTOTAL $1,005K One time charge
Example of a zAAP
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Consider a data warehouse environment that would execute on a 2-engine z9 EC mainframe (1132 MIPS).
In this example, with zIIP, the annual (software) charges are reduced by 40% and OTC charges (hardware) are reduced by 42%
There may be additional savings if sub-capacity pricing were used
DB2 1132 MIPS $327Kz/OS 1132 MIPS $621KTOTAL $948K annual charges
DB2 580 MIPS $223Kz/OS 580 MIPS $349KTOTAL $572K annual charges
If one of the processors were converted to a zIIP to run remote SQL, parallel queries, and DB2 utilities, leaving a 1-processor z9 EC mainframe (580 MIPS)
Two general purpose processors $1,600K
TOTAL $1,600K One time charge
One general purpose processor $800KOne zIIP processor $125KTOTAL $925K One time charge
Example of a zIIP
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* IBM WebSphere Application Server for Linux
60 LinuxServers 1 IFL
$1.8M saving over 3 years
Consolidation to System z
The cost is now $274,122 when using Linux for System z and an IFL Speciality engine.
This ‘Sample’ Linux workload would cost a customer about $2,091,564.
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Security Server for z/OS • RACF – Resource Access Control Facility• LDAP• Firewall
Encryption• On-board cryptographic hardware in System z9 servers• Integrated Cryptographic Service Facility (ICSF) in z/OS
– Callable APIs to perform crypto functions from software
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Services• Enables a PKI on z/OS• Operates a Certificate Authority• Provides administration application, end-user interface, integration
with z/OS LDAP, ICSF, and HTTP server
z/OS Security
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Share processor, memory, I/O, and network among multiple operating environments• Isolate workloads with EAL5 level security • Share resources among workloads• Enable communication for workloads
• 30+ year history of virtualization, innovation and refinement• Hardware and software based for optimum performance
and flexibility• Robust suite of function for provisioning, and managing virtual
servers
z/VM Virtualization to simplify your IT infrastructure• Support up to hundreds of concurrent applications with z/VM
– Share resource among large numbers of servers
• Management tools for operation, maintenance, and accounting
Virtualization
Mainframes – The Innovator and Leader in Virtualization Function
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Continuous Availability
In 1999 EBay's server farm crashed. The site was offline for 2 days. Ebay conducted an investigation to calculate the cost of this downtime……
Their conclusion…..
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The Mainframe in 2006
Community
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Mainframe education delivered to 10,000 students to date via Academic InitiativeOver 230 schools enrolled (up from 20+ in early ‘04)
Over half of the schools are outside the U.S.Over 300 professors registered
Over 200 IBM mainframe ambassadors reaching out to schools worldwide Developing mainframe and enterprise computing specializations and certificate programs Customers working with IBM to reach out to schools 12 existing school courses and
more planned (Networking, Security, eBusiness with Java™, large scale commercial computing)
Increased remote access to mainframe hubs
2nd Student Mainframe contest planned in Europe and other locations – Autumn 2006
Completed first contest: 700+ students from 85 schools participated in US / Canada
More information: http://www.ibm.com/jct09002c/university/scholars/products/zseries/
The System z University Programme
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Offering “Introduction to z/OS and the IBM System z” class for customers new to the mainframe or retraining for the mainframe
Enhanced skills portal for easy access to centralized skills building and education: ibm.com/systems/z/about/charter/skills.html IBM System z™ Academic Initiative courses now accessible z/OS Introduction class materials available to download Education curriculum roadmaps for beginner through
advanced Coming in the future: System z course roadmap updates and
other training alternatives such as distance learning Other skills help available:
z/OS Basic Skills Information Center – on the job trainingpublib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zoslnctr/v1r7/index.jsp
zNextGen – an open community for the next generation of mainframe expertsshare.org/events/Seattle/znextgen.cfm
The New Face of z/OS – making mainframes easier to useibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/eou/
Client Mainframe skills class
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On 2nd October the first UK IBM Mainframe Contest was launched in the UK, and it has proved to be a phenomenal success!
To date there are 730+ university students registered for the contest!!!!!
40 Individual Universities
Number who have completed part 1 - 177 ( 204 have started & 149 successfully completed )
Number who have completed part 2 - 42 ( 92 have started )
Mainframe Contest in the UK
• University of Wales, Aberystwyth 104• University of Manchester 71• University of Kent 61• University of Leeds 44• University of Portsmouth 40
• University of Sheffield 39• University of Bristol 33• University of Southampton 33• University of Surrey 31• University of Edinburgh 25
Top 10 schools based on number of registrations:-
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Accelerating WebSphere® z/OS applications Increased investment and resources to assist
ISVs in enabling on WebSphere z/OS and other IBM middleware
Over 30% growth in Linux apps & tools 275 ISVs and 800 applications today
Strong data serving and System z9™ Integrated Information Processor (zIIP) support
Majority of ISVs maintain OS currency 78% within 6 months of GA
Strengthened relationships and teaming WebCollage offering to share Web content and
speed info delivery z/OS and ISV development collaboration to aid
problem handling and determination Partner testimonial
ibm.com/systems/z/testimonials/partners/
Heterogeneous Enterprise
IT simplification
Virtualization
Data transactions
Java
IMS™
CICS® DB2®
Linux
Linux
Java
WebSphere
WebSphere
Enterprise Apps
Enterprise Apps
“IBM's newest upgrades to the System z9 server platform continue to enhance an already superior platform for delivering WebFOCUS, our scalable Enterprise Business Intelligence solution. The development of the zIIP engine will give our customers one more way to optimize the configuration of their servers to the needs of the reporting and analysis applications we provide.”
Gerald Cohen, President/CEO of Information Builders
ISV’s and System z Ongoing search for more ISV’s…
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Mainframe Blog for two-way communication with customer, partner, and analyst community:
mainframe.typepad.com/
System z involvement in User Groups, Councils SHARE & Inner Circle Customer councils and Open standards
communities z/VSE™ Vendor Council
zNextGen community to address the next generation of technical mainframe leaders
IBM & SHARE jointly announced Aug 2005 in Boston Operating as a new SHARE Project in Mar 2006 at
Seattle session More than 100 Activities, networking sessions and
recommended zNextGen technical tracks Made up of students, new hires & retrainees from all
over the world
User groups and System z
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China
Growing IBM internal skills in region
Enhancing Technical Support structure, i.e., new Beijing System Center
Academic Initiative growing future skills – 5 systems and courses shared by 8 schools
India
Onshore growth leveraging offshore skill base and IBM resource and training
Kick starting local Academic Initiative
Growing IBM skills locally
Brazil
Leveraging advocates and workshops
Academic Initiative at UniCamp Hub – educating students and porting ISV applications
Russia
Mainframe workshops & education for IBM and customers
Partnering with local System integrators
System z Community in emerging markets
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Enhance the value and lower the cost of computing on System z
Extend the on demand characteristics of System z
Increase the use and accountability of System z resources
Provide leadership in innovation
Maintain System z position
Improve the autonomic and self-managing capabilities of System z
Support programs designed to foster vitality in the System z community
Provide the skills and expertise to assist System z customers
Leverage key open standards and common structures
Inn
ov
atio
nV
alu
eC
om
mu
nit
y
IBM is committed to delivering innovative solutions to meet our customers’ on demand business requirements.
The Mainframe Charter
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®
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© IBM Corporation
Thank you for attending this presentation.
I hope it has been informative.
