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http://wasimrlis.blogspot.in

https://coprofessionals.wordpress.com

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Some Points about Website Designing

A website, also written as a website, is a collection of related web pages,

including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name,

and published on at least one web server. A website may be accessible via a

public Internet Protocol (IP) network, such as the Internet, or a private local area

network (LAN), by referencing a uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies

the site. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide

Web, while private websites are typically a part of an intranet.

Web pages, which are the building blocks of websites, are documents,

typically composed in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). They may incorporate elements

from other websites with suitable markup anchors. Web pages are accessed and

transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally

employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the

user. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content

according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.

Hyperlinking between web pages conveys to the reader the site

structure and guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a home

page containing a directory of the site web content. Some websites require user

registration or subscription to access content. Examples of subscription

websites include many business sites, parts of news websites, academic

journal websites, gaming websites, file-sharing websites, message boards, web-

based email, social networking websites, websites providing real-time stock

market data, as well as sites providing various other services.

Anybody can create a website and maintain many things. It may be some

company, a business organisation, an association, an educational institute, an

NGO, non-profit organisations or may be a personal website. These websites may

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contain various things according to the owner. It may be photos, videos, audios,

information or may be some links.

Now, designing these websites encompasses many different skills and

disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of

web design include web graphic design; interface; authoring, including

standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search

engine optimisation. Often many individuals will work in teams covering

different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them

all. The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating

to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing mark up. Web

design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web

development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and

if their role involves creating mark up then they are also expected to be up to

date with web accessibility guidelines.

A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows

individuals and organisations to make their website accessible via the World

Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server owned or

leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in

a data centre. Web hosts can also provide data centre space and connectivity to

the Internet for other servers located in their data centre, called colocation, also

known as Housing in Latin America or France.

You will find ‘n’ number of web hosting service provider providing

domain names in the Google. Two types of the domain name are there, free

domain host service provider and purchased domain name service provider.

Some hosting provides the both. The two basic differences are, free domain are

available with the low storage facility and an advertised URL name

(example.tripod.com). Whereas purchased domain names are available with

more storage space and on-demand URL name (example.com).

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About WordPress and XAMPP

Here I have given about installation of Word Press in XAMPP in Windows

in offline mode. Before going to that, we have to know some basic things like;

About Word Press- Word Press is a free and open-source content management

system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL. Word Press is installed on a web server,

which either is part of an Internet hosting service or is a network host itself; the

first case may be on a service like WordPress.com, for example, and the second

case is a computer running the software package WordPress.org. An example of

the second case is a local computer configured to act as its own web server

hosting Word Press for single-user testing or learning purposes. Features include

plugin architecture and a template system. Word Press is the easiest and most

popular blogging system in use on the Web, at more than 60 million websites. It

was released on May 27, 2003, by its founders, Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little,

as a fork of b2/cafelog. The license under which Word Press software is released

is the GPLv2 (or later) from the Free Software Foundation.

About XAMPP- XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server

solution stack package developed by Apache Friends consisting mainly of the

Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB database, and interpreters for scripts written in

the PHP and Perl programming languages. XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X),

Apache (A), MariaDB (M), PHP (P) and Perl (P). It is a simple, lightweight Apache

distribution that makes it extremely easy for developers to create a local web

server for testing and deployment purposes. Everything needed to set up a web

server – server application (Apache), database (MariaDB), and scripting

language (PHP) – is included in an extractable file. XAMPP is also cross-platform,

which means it works equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows. Since most

actual web server deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it makes

transitioning from a local test server to a live server extremely easy as well.

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Open Source CMS WordPress

To install WordPress in PC you first need a Windows operating system based PC (7 or

later is more useful). Then you need XAMPP package. XAMPP is an open source based

cross platform with pre-installed packages of Apache web server, MariaDB, PHP and Perl

programming languages. Next you need the WordPress installer packages. With these

two you can start the installation.

Install WordPress in Windows

Firstly download the latest version of XAMPP from Apache website

(https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html).

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After downloading, install XAMPP by simple double clicking on it. The first step will

appear like the below image, click on next.

In the next step choose the required packages. Check and put a tick to those.

Next to it choose the path where to install the XAMPP. The default location will be the C

drive but you can change it to other drives.

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Next it will give option to install the Bitnami app (optional). No need to do anything

there, just click on next.

After that it will start installing the XAMPP all packages together. After completing the

installation it will ask to open the control panel. Put a tick to the check box and click on

finish.

After a while the XAMPP control panel will open. Click on the start button of Apache and

MySQL to start these two. It will show the PID(s) and Port(s) numbers there.

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After installing the XAMPP now you need to install the WordPress in XAMPP. Firstly

download the WordPress installer file from (https://wordpress.org/download/).

The downloaded file of WordPress is a compress zip file. Upzip the file first in a folder

and rename the folder. Then copy the folder and paste it where XAMPP is installed. In our

case it is installed in D drive. So, we will paste the file in the path (D:\xampp\htdocs).

Then go to the pasted folder which is renamed as library in our case. There we will find a

file name wp-config-sample. Open the file on notepad and search for DB_NAME, DB_USER,

DB_PASSWORD. Then replace the ‘db_name_here’ to ‘libray’, ‘user_name_here’ to ‘root’

and remove the ‘password_here’ and leave it blank and save the file as wp-config name.

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Next to that, open a browser and run (http://localhost/phpmyadmin). It will open

PHPMyAdmin control panel. There we have to create a database same as we have given

the WordPress folder pasted in htdocs i.e. library in our case.

Now open a new tab in the browser and put the URL (http://localhost/library). It will open

the first page of installation. Here we have to choose the language which is English (US)

by default. So just click on next.

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Then provide the site information which you would like to use in website like site title,

Username, Password, tick the Confirm password, your e-mail and then click on install

WordPress.

After installation it will show that your site is ready. Log in to customize.

Log in with your ID password.

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After log in you will enter in the staff customization interface.

Upload a WordPress Theme

To customize your website you have to log in to your administrator account. Start to

customize your website to make it beautiful. You can start with uploading a beautiful

theme. Various wordpress themes are available at (https://wordpress.org/themes/). You

can download a theme from there to suit your need. We choose smartline lite theme in

our case.

After downloading go to your admin account and click on the Themes tab under

Appearance. Then click on the add new link and upload theme button.

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After that it will ask to browse and upload the theme. Click on the browse button, then

select the theme and then click on install now. After installing the theme click on the

active link to make the theme live.

Create Pages

Pages of a website describe the different descriptions like; website is about, vision,

mission, statistics, photos, links, research desk, resource types etc. To create pages go

to Pages tab and then click on Add New (edit and make the sample page as home page).

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You can create child pages under the main pages. While creating a new page name the

page fix its link and change its parent and save it as child under a particular page and

make it publish.

Create Posts

Post is used to provide up to date news and publish frequently. It is used as news feed

wall. It can create same as creating a page.

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A small difference is there between pages and posts. Post can be created category wise.

Different category can be created and managed and posts are kept under these

categories. To create category, click on Category tab under Post. Name a category,

describe it and save it. You can also create sub categories under a main category.

You can also create tags to attach the tags with posts to easy retrieve. To create tags go

to Tag tab under Post.

Add Media

Media is used to provide graphical information to the users. A media file can be a

document file, an image file, a video file etc. Just go to the media tab and upload the

media from your computer.

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Upload WordPress Plugins

Plugins are the supportive form for customizing your website. By using a plugin you can

add various things in the various parts of your website. For uploading the plugins go to

Add New tab under Plugin.

There you can see various plugins for different purpose. You can add from there by

clicking on the installing button and then click on active button after installing on the

same place to active the plugin. You can upload also downloaded from the WordPeess

website and then install and active the in the same way.

After installation and activation of the plugins you have to set up the plugins by visiting

them separately. The plugins are may installed in different places. Sometimes it may

install in Appearance or Setting or Tools or in Dashboard. Below are some popular plugin

examples to make your website more beautify. You can find huge number of plugins in

https://wordpress.org/plugins.

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Customize your WordPress Site

You can customize the site by using the plugins and different modules. Go to customize

tab under appearance. Save after every changes by clicking on publish at left top.

After going into customize part you can find out the different levels of customization on

the left side. Choose one by one and describe/ insert/ edit/ delete the plugins as per

your need and can see the changes on the site visible at the right side.

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Site Identity

Here you can upload a logo, describe your site title/ tagline and site icon. You can place

a logo at header point, the site title and tagline may not visible if you want and the icon

changes the image at URL bar.

Header Image

You can place a header image under the menu.

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Background Image/Colour

You can place an image or set a colour at the background.

Creating Menu

Creating a menu can help to describe different section of the site and the page

arrangements. Create a menu set its position and add pages to it. You can add post or a

link or category or a tag in the menu and place it in different position.

Background Image/Colour

In the widgets part you can add or edit the plugins. You can find two widget type there

one is for adding plugins in sidebar and another one is adding to the main body.

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Homepage Setting

In the home page of your site, you can use it as a static page or can use a post page.

Theme Setting

You can change/ adjust the theme in various positions like header, post, slide etc. In the

general setting you can place the sidebar to left or right side. In the header setting you

can place the search option and social icons above the menu.

In the post setting you can choose the post showing variations like; post length, display,

images, meta, footer etc. In the post slider you can add a slider and placed into

homepage or post page. You can also add additional CSS code to customize or adjust any

part.

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Editor Setting

You can edit the website anywhere and can change or add anything to any place of the

website due to this is an open source platform. You can edit through editor tab found in

appearance or in plugins.

Tools Management

Through the tools you can export or import data from any other external source. The

below image express the list of plugings you can import. Install the plugin and connect

with the external source. You can also import data from another wordpress website.

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You can export data from here in the form of XML. You can export post, pages, media or

any other data by installing the relevant plugin. You can export personal data from your

profile as well as erase data.

Setting Management

General Setting

In the general setting tab you can change or edit internal data related to the website like;

title, tagline, URL, e-mail, membership, language, time zone, data format, time format,

weeks starts on

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Writing Setting

In the writing setting you can change the post writing options like; default post category/

format, mail server, login ID/ password, default mail category etc.

Reading Setting

In reading section you can change home page setting (static/ post), no of post in a page,

syndication feed, article feed, search engine visibility etc.

Reading Setting

In reading setting you can change article setting, comment setting, e-mail setting,

comments moderation and blacklist and profile setting.

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Media Setting

In the media setting you can adjust image size (thumbnail/ medium/ large) and

uploading and file arrangements.

Permalinks Setting

The post URLs can changed to various options like by date, name, month, plain, custom,

or you can also set the category or tags for the post URLs.

Pravacy Setting

You can set different privacy for each pages.

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User Management

You can set multi author or manager for your website. Add a new user in the user tab by

providing the user ID/Password/email and other details.

Comments Management

You can approve followers/ visitors to comment on your wbsite pages/ posts. You can

set permission whether the comment should publish or not. You can also reply the

visitor.

Database Backup and Restore

You can store your database and files by taking backup your data. You can take database

backup from PHPMyAdmin and the file contents from XAMPP where your wordpress file is

pasted. To take your database backup, open a browser and go to

(http://localhost/phpmyadmin) and then go to database tab, put a tick on the database

name which you want to take backup. In our case it is library. Then click on the export

tab on the database tab array.

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In the next page export the database by clicking go at the bottom and save the file. It will

save as SQL file.

Then go to the XAMPP folder pasted in the drive. In our case it is D

(D:\xampp\htdocs\library) drive and copy the wordpress folder (library in our case) and

keep it safely.

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While restoring the your website in case any of hard disk crash, file damage, folder

missing, virus attack, hacking or any other threats. Then remove your files from the

XAMPP folder and remove your database. Then restore your whole data from backup.

Firstly copy your backup files to the XAMPP folder exactly where earlier was. In our case it

is D (D:\xampp\htdocs\library).

Then replace the database in PHPMyAdmin. Open a browser and go to

(http://localhost/phpmyadmin) and then click on database tab. Then put a tick on the

database name which you want to delete (library in our case) and then click on drop link

below the database list. It will delete the database.

Then go to import tab on the database array. Click on browse tab and choose the SQL

backup file and then click on go button at the bottom. It may take some time depend

upon the file size and will replace all the data as before.

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