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The Marsh Local Plan (1979)

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    CORK CITY LOCA L P LANS

    64D. 600 .033T H E MAR S H

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    THE MARSH

    OCTOBER,1979

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    -: 1... 1 The object of thio Local Plan i s to provide: Cl bac i c fu r Qc,,::iJ l:t ip l ~ ~ ~ i n g decisions in the area ll1 the l i gh t OJ th e e en era l p o l i c i ~ ~so t out in the City Develop:nent P'l an , Because of the large number'of vac ant s i tee and buildings D1 poor condi t ion ID the [:,] '00., de c i c aoncclfcct ing th : future: of the area ha": e:: to be nado , and it is ampor t en ttna t ~ ( : ~ T are made on the basis of a considered v i ev. of wha t th e f'u tu r eof the I l c r s h and it s rnajor' land uce c shot..i.I d be.1.2 The: I . ~ a r s h was the: f i r s t subur-b of the old ci ty and the a r ea h aes - : i l l a sig:' lifica'1t numbe r of bui.Ldange dat ing f roT :i the mi dd l e of t h e18th CGntL1IY. After 1758 expansion of the c i ty accelerated and t.he j , ~ a rarea \'/0.8 drained and developed. Hanmond I s 1,1arsh (Henry Stree t ) and:Pike 1S Marsh (Adelaide Street ) wer-e bu i l t on to pr-ovrd c to ...'n hou se sfo r : :nerchants and profess ional people.

    1.3 I t . is the only area o f h ou sin g s t i l l exis t ing L'1 the Centra lIs land a'1d is se l f - suf f i c i en t in comounity f a c i l i t i e s , h \ ~ n g a c h u r c h ~a hozpi tal , numerous shops, a community cent re , a he2.lth ~ 1 ~ e l f a r ec e n ~ r e and a school. The Community Associat ion is vigorous and isspurred or. by the effect of a declining populat ion L'1 the area. Oneof the Assoc i a t ion ' s prior i t ies is the bua.LdLng of houses i.rl the . a ..1.4 E ~ p l o y n e n t i s as i ~ p o r t a n t a funct ion in the area as h o u s ~ ' 1 g .The to ta l e m p l o ~ T I e n t in the Marsh of 1,124 (1977) exceeded the e S 1 : i m a ~ ~ dpopulat ion of 947 ( 1978 ) . Employment in the area f e l l by 9 . ~ b e ~ v e e n 1973 a'1d 1977 ~ t his ? in p a r ~ be a t t r i b ~ t e d ths g ~ ~ e r a lec ononac recession. j , ~ a n ' J J a c t U I ' i r l g and the profession s a I ' E: the t\','obiggest employment groups in th e area .

    2. :POPULATIOI: Arm HOUSDJG2.1 Over the l a s t few decades the Marsh has shovm a d r a s ~ i c d e c l ~ ~ ein popul.at.ion , I t is est imated tha t th e p op ula tio n of the area in1953 was 4240, as compared With only 1050 ; ' l ' l 1972 '; a fa l l of 75'f:..-~ o r e r e c e ~ t l J the populat ion has c orrtanued to f a l l : and a 18.5%' declinewas r-ecorded be-tween 1971 and 1978. However; the decline an theEous ing Pro tec t i on Areas deSignated in the 1979 Development Pla..'1 wassomev.hat l ess , about 9% over the 1973-8 per iod .2.2 The f,larsh has a populat ion age s t ructure whach i s character i s t icof a decli. ."1ing popUlation - a large p r o p o r t i o ~ L the over 65 agegroup and very fe r; in the youngest age group. BOYie"o'er, it i s unusua.L: L navang a large percentage in the 15-24 2ge group, bu t th i s can beexplained by the nurses and nuns r-es i.derrt in the Iier-cy Hospi t a l . ~ h e s epopillation character is t ics have become more narked over the l a s t fe';:y car-s , Unemployment i s re la t ively high and i. f thOSE: in cccmun i t aesare e ~ c l u d e d then the u n ~ p l o y m e n t ra te i s 2 (1977 ); th i s C ~ b8compared \Vith 17% which is the ra te f'or the Cen tr-a'l Area.

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    Rented from Local AuthorityRented Unfurnished, Non L.A.Rented FurnishedOwner OccupiedOccupied Rent Free

    1858573310

    176

    3332196

    100

    /2.5 General Housing condition in much of the Marsh.is ~ 8 t r l y p o ~ r .In a recent cursory survey 23% of the housing was classified as bar e l yusable. This oan be a tt ri bu ted pa rt ly to age, partly to the effecton the a r e ~ of the p revious clearance-oriented policies and part lyto the confl ict between manufacturing/wholeSale industry and housing.

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    2.6 Without positive action population will continue to d ecline inthe Marsh as old housing ~ allowed to decay unti l i t is uninhabitableor is demolished. Small industry will set up in piecemeal fashionin or beside declining housing and th i s then will have a downgradingeffect on surrounding housing. '

    3 . EM:PIDYMENT

    3.1 A tota l of 1, :1'24 were employed in the Marsh in 1977. Lee Bootsand the Mercy Hospital employ about 250 people each. WholeSalingalso accounts for a significant and increasing proport ion of employmentin the area. 52% of the employed residents of the Marsh work Withinthe Central I sland and these ( i f th e nurses in the Mercy Hospital are-excl uded) are mainly employed in the Commerce or Manufacturing sectors .

    Table 4 Employment by Industrial Sector in the Marsh1973 and 1977.1"973 1977 '10 changeManual Type 866 623 -28

    S h o P P L ~ , SerVice &entertainment. 93 130 +40:ProfeSSional 279 371 +33Total 1238 1124 -93.2 Employment has fallen by 9% between 1973 - 1977. I t has beenmanual employment which has shown the big decrease while cler icalemployment has increased. The number of bus inesses in the study areahas fallen to a greater extent than employment. The average size of re ta i l buSinesses(in terms of e m p l o y e e s ) ~ c r e a s e d from 1.5 to 2.5 andthe ,molesale sector has shown a rapid tu rnover o f businesses. Nevertheless a str ikingly large number of new manual type firms have setup in the area since 1970, particularly in the area between BachelorsQuay and Henry Street, and this suggests that the area remains attractivefor this type of bus iness . This is important for th e future of the area,as manual employment continues to account for the majority of employmentdespite the dec rease recorded in Table 4.3,3 Because the area fuli ' i l ls both an industrial and housing ftmctionthere are ineVitab ly some areas in which the ~ ~ conflict , to thedetriment of housing. Without planning intervention i t seems l ikelyt ha t i ndu st ri al uses would continue t o g radual ly displace residentialones. There is a possibility that in Some areas office development or

    , at any rate th e assembly of si tes for office development would displaceei ther use. However ' the likelihood of this is less than in other areasand ~ o u l d be contrary to the Development Plan.

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    4. GENERAL PLANNING POLICIES.

    4.1 The main planning choice which emerges is between allowing thef or-ccc tending to re:rlacc housing by manual employment (and poc s i b'Iyopen lo t cur parking) f ree r-em , and l imiting them in ouch a way as tomake th e retention of :a viable community ~ the Marsh possible. Theoption of retaining bousing as a major use is in some ways a more d i f f -icul t and expensive one, but is just ifiable on th e grounds tha t a widerange of community faci l i t ies exists , that there is a strong will tosurvive on th e part of the local COIDIntmi ty and that the Corporationhas already invested in substantial new housing for the area.4.2 For these reasons we feel that the policy should be to maintainand strengthen housing in th e area and th is i s the policy adopted bythe City Development Plan. Housing Protection Areas are ' the maininstruments by Which this policy will be carried out. About half thestudy area is zoned as Housing Protection Areas, Which means tha t a l lhousing in these areas should be retained in tha t use and that clearedsites should be developed for housing. A RevolVing Fund has been se tup to enable the Corpora tion to rehabil i tate e X i s t ~ 1 g property in poorcondition; this involves the purchase, repair and resale of suchhouses and the re-use of these funds to continue the operation.4.3 Most of the remainder of the Marsh is zoned for General Employmentand Residential Uses e x l u d ~ 1 g Shops and 8ff ices . The main object ofthis zoning is to counter the tendency in the city centre for suchuses to be displaced by large shopping and office developments,(or morefrequently si tes assembled for t hese purposes) , in excess of actualneeds. Small shops related to local needs would not be affected bythis zoning. The retention of manual employment is important toresidents of the city centre because of th e above average number ofthese residents in this type of employment, the re la t ive ly highunemployment and ' low car ownerships Which l imits access to al ter-native locations. The Marsh is also convenient, to the north west ofthe city where similar factors apply.4 .4 BacheLcr-s Quay/Grenville Place is deSignated as an area of,amenity potential suitable for p r o \ ~ s i o n of a r iverside walk. Thisis in order to exploit the potential of t h is pa rt icu la r ly pleasantsection of the River Lee, With i t s attractive frontages on North Malland Grenvil le Place and the old warehouse at the Mal t ings.

    4.5 The Development Plan contains a number of transport proposalsfor this area. Grattan S tr ee t w ill become a major t raff ic route soas to allorl for the pedestrianisation of Pa'tr-ick Street , while th eMarayke and Sheares Stre et will become a bus priority route. Traff icis to be Binimised on several o ther stree ts in th e Marsh. The proposalsin the Development Plan relat ing to th is area are laid out in Map 1.

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    DEVELOPMENT PLAN

    MAP I

    PROPOSALS FOR THEI I 1 I t ' I ' " .I I b r'/ 11 ;1'H"I I \ \N ..---l l I~ J LJ \ ( , d~ [ . ~ k c ! ; f ' f r t l ~ ~ ~ ~ l t El WIJd "\ _ ----5\ '1 L I - . . ~ -, , . , - . It " , ' I . . I.ktLl.JLi,W}j I0.. . " NONl l t " ' " ' ,. , ;; ...... " ....; , '

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    .5. CORPORATION mFTLL HOUSmG.5.1 The Corpo ra ti on 's po li cy , fDr the reasons already s ta ted , i s tor e t a in housing as a major l and use in the Marsh. This goa l wi.1.l beachieved not alone th rough the use o f Housing Protec t ion Areas and ther ehab i l i t a t ion o f e xis tin g houses , bu t also th rough the cons t ruc t ion o fnew housing in me Marsh. The proposa ls out l ined fo r the s i t e s belowwould enable th e Corporat ion to bu i ld up to '35 houses .5.2 . COACH STREET/GRATI'AN SIREEl' SITE. 'The most important o f these i stile s i t e , a t present used as a car park between Grat tan S t , and Coachs t . Par t of P ete r S t. ,...m.ch i s adjacent to the s i t e w i l l be in tegra ted;v ith the developnent , which wu ld cons i s t of about 20 houses. 'Ih is h ighdens i ty w.i.ll requi re care:f'ul. design , cons id e ra ti on o f landscaping andhard surf 'ace areas , ani also a ccount s houl d be taken o f th e f ac t t h a tGrat t an s, wi l l become a major t r a f ' f ic route : res idents sh ou ld b eprotec ted f'rom noise and o the r t ra i ' f ic nui.sance both inside t he i r housesand i n gardens or p lay areas i n the developnent . The housing l\Ouldpr iJD.ar ily accomnodate fcrnili .cs and spec i a l a t t en t ion should be pa id toth e needs o f young ch i ld ren . It sh ou ld b e poss i b l e , fo r exarrple,to ar range fo r me supervf.sLon of a p la y are a through the coomunityas socd.ataon.,'5 . '3 COACH STREEI' SITE. The Corpora t ion o'WO.S a pa r t i a l l y vacant s i t e a t'3 - '5 Coach S t , which wuld be su i tab le fo r a smal l Corpora t ion i n f i l lscheme. About '3 h ou se s c ou ld be bu i l t and tna,s v . u _ ~ d complement thenew housing on the opposi te s ide of the s t r e e t . Since th e s i t e i squ i te deep, it wu ld be des i reable to s e t th ree houses about '30 f ee tback f i un the s t r e e t to provide some degree o f pr ivacy between housingon e ime r s ide o f the s t r e e t . AB t he re i s a t u s ines s premises on thes i te , though owned by the Corpora t ion and on a shor t l e a se , the cons rructd.ono f housi.ng could no t begin imnedia te ly .rs .4 ST. PETIR' S AVENUE STill. The only other 's i t e on which i n f i l l housingcould be provided a t present i s the s t . Pete r ' s Avenue s i t e . Housinghere would bene f i t from the o pe n s pa ce which.has hem. l a i d out a t s t .Pe te r I s graveyard and also f 'rom me proximity to the school , church an ishops . The houses would be bu i l t :in three ter races and would be served by aminor access r-oad adjacent to the graveyard . Parking \o\Ol.lld be provided tothe f ' ront of each house ard wu.ld be separa te 'ran th e a cc es s r oa d.In me desagn o f housing on i :his s i t e it is important to ensur-e pro-t e c t ion from me traf ' f ic nuisance o f the major Grat t an St r ee t rou te .Eleven houses could be provided on the exis t ing s i t e .I) . I) PRIVAIE :rnFILL. 1\,0 small s i t e s a t 15 .Adelaide S t r e e t an i '38Sheares St r ee t , cu:rrently owned by th e Corporat ion , could be of feredfo r sa l e to ind iv idual s in te r e s ted in 1::uilding t h e i r o..n houses , i nl i ne with th e genera l poLi.cy o f se l l ing o f f smal l de r e l i c t s i t e s ass e t out in the Developnent P la n S ec tio n '3. '32 - '3.

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    5.6 Bachelors Quay an i G r ~ e Place have severa l envi. ronnentala dv an ta ge s a s housing s t r ee t s , and these s hou ld be increas.ed by theprovi s ion o f a r ivers ide walk. Unfor tunate ly, a subs tant i a l amounto f housing has a l r ea iy been l o s t , bu t because of the a t t r ac t ions o fthe a rea it should be poss ib le fo r pr iva te developers to replace someo f it economically.5.7 REDEVELOPMENT OF CAR PARKrnG AREAS. The genera l appro ach of th i sp lan to e xi st in g c ar parks i s triat; we r e viable redevelopnent projec tsexis t fo r them, they should be car r ied out . 'This is unl ikely to causes ign i f i can t d i f f i cu l t i e s because:a) New temporary surface ca r parking i s constant ly being crea ted in

    the c i t y cent re as a r e su l t o f s i t e clearance. Fur the r surfaceca r parld..ng areas are l i ke ly to ar ise on s urp lu s l an d clearedfo r l o c a l cons t ruc t ion an i as a r esu l t o f the construct ion ofmul t i - s to rey c a r parks .

    b ) . As the increase i n t o t a l ca r parki..:ng iD. the c i ty centre envisagedby the Land Use Tr 'anspor ta t ion Study i s ve ry l im i ted ) r edeve lop ment o f the e xis tin g c ar parks in the Marsh on a phased bas iswil l be cons i s t en t with the t ranspor ta t ion plan .

    c) For the t ime be ing the ca r park n or th o f s t . Peters gr-aveyard wi l lbe re ta ined. . Because ca r park:i..ng i s t r ee a t present the major i tyo f spaces a re taken up by long s tay park:i.ng. The in t roduct iono f o ff s t r e e t pay par.k:ing wi l l tend to r e s t r i c t the use of th i spa rk ing to sho r t per iods r e l a t ed fo r example to North Main St r ee tshopping. With the con st ru c ti on o f mu lti s to re y car park and!o r a d di ti on a l sur face ca r parking inc identa l to the Gra t tan S t r ee t /Kyrl Quay route the redevelopnent of the remaining Grat tan s t r e e tcar park wil.l. be fu r the r considered.

    6 REHABIL"ITJ\TION AND ENVIRONMENTAL-J11f'OOVEMENIS.6. 1 The Corpora t ion wi l l r eh ab i l i t a t e houses i n poor condi t ion i n th eMarsh an i i n - . : l ther i nne r c i t y areas tb:ra.1gh the Revo lv ing Fund . Byi t s e l f , it i s l ID ] j kely tha t t h i s w i l l be su f f i c i en t to cope with a l lr ehab i l i t a t ion needs i n the area , an i consequently it i s important toencourage r ehab i l i t a t i on . by owners and developers . The prospects fo rsuch r eh ab i l i t a t i on are Li.kiuLy to be improved if the general erwironment o f the area can be upgraded, as th is i s J ike ly to improve demand.fo r housing.6.2 The block bounded by Sheares St r ee t , Anne s t r ee t , Washington s t r e e tand Courthouse S t r ee t , conta ins a rnmber o f 18th century houses o fconsiderable i n t e r e s t . .hich a re i n p oo r c an dit i on . Idea l ly the housessh ou ld be r e s to r ed by tile Corpora t ion tu t a t pre senf ih i s i s no tf inanc ia l ly p rac t i c a l . The Corpora t ion however would hope to ho ldt he s e bu il di ng s in the hope t h a t publ ic or pr iva te f'unds "WU1.d beccmea va ila ble to r es to re triern, The Corporat ion Pas a po.Lf.cy of al lowingconvers ion to of f ice s v,here t h i s i s associa ted with the r e s to r a t ion o fl i s t ed builcli.ngs; some o f the houses near the Court House end o f theb lock . might be su i t ab le fo r use as l ega l of f ic es , 'The cleared s i t eon the corner o f Janes s t r e e t and Courthouse St ree t i s an eyesore a tpresen t arrl 'Wi...l.l be developed. by the Corporat ion as a small plant ingarea .

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    6. J Oppor tun i t ie s ex i s t fo r env.ixomlental improvanents on ShearesS t r ee t and Hauy s t r e e t , both wide s t r ee t s ; .b ich have a major impac ton th e appearance of' th e a rea . 1b.e Corpora t ion wil l plant rows of t reeson each s ide of' these s t r e e t s . ' Ibis wD.l. involve a smaJ..l aoount o fpavement widening an i , par t icu la r ly on the nor th s ide of ' Henry St . , thehe igh t of ' the kerb w i l l have to be ra i sed to prevent car park:i..ng on thepavenerrt ,6.4 '!he Developnent Plan. envisages the cr-eatzi.ori of' a r ivers ide walkon Bache lo rs Quay' and. Grenv i l le Place . 'This wil l involve the removalo f t h r ough t r a f f ' ic an i th i s could be done by clos ing Prospect Row. Awide f 'ootpath a long the r ivers ide wil l b e p ro vi de d with plant ing andsea t ing . The cha rac t e r an:! sca le of ' the area suggests tha t thep la nt in g o f s iz ea ble t r ee s is a pp ro pria te . T his walk. i s in te nd ed to l inkwi th Mardyke Walk a t one end an i w.i.th a sinI:iJ:ar rivcrside walk on Pope I sQuay a t the o the r . SienPosts wil l be provided a t North Gate Brid{;e andSheares Stree t /Prospec t How junct ion .

    6. '5 Skiddv 's Cas t l e . The excavated -remains of ' Skiddy 's Cast le couldf'onn the c.ent re-piece of ' a smal l square o f f North Main St ree t . Ther-emaaris of ' the cas t l e could be treated. to protec t them against f looding andto aJ.low fo r publ ic access .

    7. EMPLOYMENT 7.1 In view of' th e bouyan:t demarxl. exis t iDg i n the Marsh fo r iIXiustrial.premises , th e ca r park n or th o f tile graveyard in Grat tan St ree t couldprovide a s i t e fo r manual employment. The upgraded. Grat tan S tr ee t w illpr-ovf.de improved ace es s f 'or th i s s i t e . As iIXiicated i n par . '5 .7 however ,t h i s rwst awai t provi s ion of' a l te rna t ive park:i.ng areas .7.2 The oppor tuni ty ex i s t s to provide manual employment on a smalls i t e j u s t south o f the proposed housing in s t . Peter 's Avemie , Thiss i te wou.Id be su i t ab le fo r a single business , unless the s i t e i s requiredfo r expansion o f f a c i l i t i e s in the Grattan. St ree t Dispensary.7. J The cons t ruc t ion of ' the Grat-tan St r ee t route w.i.ll leave severa lawkward. s i t e s to th e n orth of' Adela i.de St r ee t . These cculd be redevel-oped f'o"t" shopping where pr-acta.cahl.e , The design of the road and the l ay -ou t o f fu ture s i t e s crea ted by the road s ho uld b e co-ordinated.7.4 A nunber of' bus inesses i n the Marsh have subs tant i a l forecour ts1J1ich co uld be used. fo r expansion, and i n th i s respect the Marsh i s ina hea l t h i e r pos in o n than o th er p ar ts of ' the ci ty centre . Unfo r-turiatre.Ly ,these foreco ur t s ten:l to b e e nc lo se d w.i.th chain l i nk fencing which i suns ight ly . In fu ture ,developnent control policy wil l seek to ensuret ha t wal.1s r a ther tnan f 'ences are used. fo r boundaries.

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    ..

    8. 'IRANSFORT PROPOSALS.8. 1 The m ai n t r a f f i c porposal af'.fecting the Marsh a r e a i s t h a t G r a t t a nS t r e e t wi l l become a major r o u t e in order to aD.ow f o r the p e d e s t r i a n i s -a t i o n o f P a t r i c k S t r e e t am tile c.Losur-e o f through t r a f f i c t o Nor t h t-1a.jnS t r e e t to provide a b e t t e r shoppi.rlg e.nviromlent.8 . 2 Dyke Par-ade aD:i Sheares S t r e e t are proposed as a bus p r i o r i t yr o u t e i'rom 1Jli.ch through t r a f ' f i c w i l l be excluded . 100 T ra ns po rt P la nrequires t r a f f i c enter ing the c it y centre f'rom Western Road t o queueback f'rom Courthouse S t r e e t in peak hours ao:l. it w:i...ll be necessary toprevent IOOtorists shor t c i r c u i t i n g tllis queue t i1rough Sheares S t r e e t o rthe Marsh.8. '3 The Developnent Plan recoome:o:is tnati t r a f f i c be rnin:imised onCoach S1:r'eet, Peter S t r e e t ao:l. Moore S t r e e t and th e provis ion o f ar i v e r s i d e walk w i l l require the c l o s u re of Prospect Row, Theseob j e c t ives a long with the need to prevent queue-dOOging as mentioned.above s u g g e ~ t ha t o o r e Stree t an:l. Coach S t r e e t should be c l o s e d tot r a f ' f i c to and 'ram Shea:oes S1Ir::'eet. . . . . 'lh:i.s wi l l c r e a t e an'environnenta l area ' ~ c exc lu:tes tl1rough t r a f ' f i c . As :the a re a w i ll beclo s ed of f by these measures f'rom the south and by the River Lee fromthe nor th and west , no throllooiJ. m:rvement s wi..ll be possible . These measuresare surma.r.i..sed on Mn.p 2.8.4 Adelaide S t r e e t has been zoned as a separate Housing P r o t e c t i o nArea, t u t because o f i t s p o s i t i o n . it i;; very vu:;1nerable to t r a f f i cnuisance. l b i s w i l l be c o n t r o l l e d by the c.Losur-e o f the wes t ierri end. o fAdelaide S t r e e t . Minor junct ions 'With a major route such as G r a t t a t tS t r e e t are undesireable

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