1
The Methodology of MFA-
Case Studies
Paul H Brunner
Vienna University of Technology
Institute for Water Quality Resources and Waste Management
htt i t i t
PH Brunner 124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
httpwwwiwatuwienacat
2
Content
1 M ti ti1 Motivation
2 Definitions and STAN
3 Scale
4 Applications
5 Integration of MFA in governance
PH Brunner 224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
3
Vision and Motivation
1 Sustainable development
- long term environmental protection- bdquobestldquo resource use- bdquoutility and happiness foreverldquo
2 How to measure and to achieve SD
3 MFA as a key method in the tool box for SD
4 The two aspects goods and substances- goods as economic units (quantity)- substances determining ecological and resource qualities
PH Brunner 324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
g g q
4
MFA definitions
bull Goods and substances
bull Processes and stocks
bull Flows and fluxes
T f ffi i tbull Transfer coefficients
bull System and system boundaries
PH Brunner 424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
5
Most simple case of MFA 1-process system
systems boundary
A
B
C
systems boundary
ProcessA C
D
s + s
PH Brunner 524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
6
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
10-process system bdquoregional phosphorous flows and stocksldquo
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
2
Content
1 M ti ti1 Motivation
2 Definitions and STAN
3 Scale
4 Applications
5 Integration of MFA in governance
PH Brunner 224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
3
Vision and Motivation
1 Sustainable development
- long term environmental protection- bdquobestldquo resource use- bdquoutility and happiness foreverldquo
2 How to measure and to achieve SD
3 MFA as a key method in the tool box for SD
4 The two aspects goods and substances- goods as economic units (quantity)- substances determining ecological and resource qualities
PH Brunner 324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
g g q
4
MFA definitions
bull Goods and substances
bull Processes and stocks
bull Flows and fluxes
T f ffi i tbull Transfer coefficients
bull System and system boundaries
PH Brunner 424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
5
Most simple case of MFA 1-process system
systems boundary
A
B
C
systems boundary
ProcessA C
D
s + s
PH Brunner 524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
6
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
10-process system bdquoregional phosphorous flows and stocksldquo
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
3
Vision and Motivation
1 Sustainable development
- long term environmental protection- bdquobestldquo resource use- bdquoutility and happiness foreverldquo
2 How to measure and to achieve SD
3 MFA as a key method in the tool box for SD
4 The two aspects goods and substances- goods as economic units (quantity)- substances determining ecological and resource qualities
PH Brunner 324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
g g q
4
MFA definitions
bull Goods and substances
bull Processes and stocks
bull Flows and fluxes
T f ffi i tbull Transfer coefficients
bull System and system boundaries
PH Brunner 424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
5
Most simple case of MFA 1-process system
systems boundary
A
B
C
systems boundary
ProcessA C
D
s + s
PH Brunner 524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
6
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
10-process system bdquoregional phosphorous flows and stocksldquo
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
4
MFA definitions
bull Goods and substances
bull Processes and stocks
bull Flows and fluxes
T f ffi i tbull Transfer coefficients
bull System and system boundaries
PH Brunner 424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
5
Most simple case of MFA 1-process system
systems boundary
A
B
C
systems boundary
ProcessA C
D
s + s
PH Brunner 524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
6
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
10-process system bdquoregional phosphorous flows and stocksldquo
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
5
Most simple case of MFA 1-process system
systems boundary
A
B
C
systems boundary
ProcessA C
D
s + s
PH Brunner 524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
6
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
10-process system bdquoregional phosphorous flows and stocksldquo
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
6
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
10-process system bdquoregional phosphorous flows and stocksldquo
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
7
Procedure to establish MFA
Problem definition
Selection ofsubstances
Determination of system boundaries
Selection ofprocesses
Selection of goods
Adjustment
System definition
m Determination ofDetermination offl d t k w
s erm
ine g
oo
ds
em
Ad
just
sys
tem Determination of
mass flows
Balancing of goods
Determination ofconcentrations
flows and stocks
Refi
ne
ntr
ati
on
s
2
Refi
ne
mass
flo
ws
1
Refi
ne
mass
flo
w
2
Red
ete
Red
efi
ne
pro
ble
PH Brunner 724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Interpretation and illustration
Balancingof substances 1
R
con
ce
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
8
STAN freeware to support MFA including uncertainty
STAN
httpwwwiwatuwienacatiwa226_englishstanhtml
composting plantmfa
PH Brunner 824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
9
STAN allows modelling more complexe systems such as wm
PH Brunner 924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
10
Scale from human to hellip
700
0
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
390
food
0
feces
urine
270
400
20
sewage
PH Brunner 1024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
11
Scale from human to household to hellip
7000
respirationtranspiration mass [kgca]
phosphorus [gca]
50100
450
270
humanbody
1700
430 kitchen
food
0
feces
urine
270
total foodwastes toseweringsystem
10040
40020
900
390
garbage sewage
to STP
PH Brunner 1124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
40
to MSWtreatment
to STPsystems boundaries phh 1year
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
12
Scale from human to household to regional tohellip
atmosphere
flow = 230 ta export = 170 ta
meat milk eggsphosphorous [ta]
stock 10000 + 70 ta
agr soil
plantcultivation
fertilicer
animal feedstockanimals
meat milk eggs
cerealsvegetables fruits
10 000+68
30
24
85
3
13
45 100109
17
78
phosphorous [ta]
wwtplandfill
surface waterriver
food
surface water
74
13
19
17
38
28
PH Brunner 1224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
industryprivate hh
industrial products
sewer
cleaners foodgt4017 17 21
gt61
38
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
13
Scale from human to household to regional to national tohellip
[kgca]
5 1 04agriculturefood
processingprivate
household
systems boundaries region1year
4 06 04
agricultural lossesand wastes
food processingwastes
sewage and MSW
PH Brunner 1324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
14
Contribution of various sectors to the nu-trients in the river Danube watershed
Scale from human to household to regional to national to watershedhellip
Nitrogen825 kta
Ismail
Tirgu Mures
Kosice
Klagenfurt
Insbruck
Gyor
Szombathely
Cluj-Napoca
BrasovGalat
Iasi
Tchernovte
Miskolc
Debrecen
Oradea
Arad
Szeged
Pecs
Zagreb
Ljubljana
Bratislava
Brno
Linz
Regensburg
Augsburg
Munchen
Szekesfehervar
Graz
Salzburg
Budapest
Wien
Praha
Trnava
Nitra
Trencin
Prievidza Banska Bystrica
Zilina
Martin
Prasov
Levice
PiestanyTopolcany
Povazska BystricaLiptovsky Mikulas
Zvolen
Spisska Nova Ves
Bardejov
Humenne
Michalovce
Komarno
u61
u62
u59
u48
u58
u57
u56
u55
u47
u46
u45 u71
u54
u53
u52
u44 u50
u49 u65
u70
u69
u66
u67
u64BeregovoVinogradov
Vilok
Khust
Irshava
MezhgorieSvalyava
VishkovoTyachev
Chop
Solotvina VBychkov
Rakhov
Dybovoe
Kolomia
Yaremcha
Kosov
Snyatin
Storozhinets
Mukachevo
Uzhgorod
CM4
CM7
CM43
CM30
CM36CM38
CM34CM18
CM29
CM31CM22
CM35
CM9
CM26
CM23
CM2
CM5
CM0
CM17
CM28
CM33
CM32
CM8 CM25
CM14CM11
CM23CM46
CM21CM45
CM40
CM44CM13CM42CM27CM39
CM6CM41
CM19
CM15CM20
CM10
CM3
CS3545
CS3639CS1132
CS1133
CS1134CS1171
CS3670
CS1169
CS1135
CS1174
CS1139
CS1140CS1195
CS1188
CS1187
CS1186
CS1194CM1191
CS3742 CS1181
CS1179
CS1184
CS1176
Kranj
Maribor
Celje
Jesenice
Skofja LokaDomzale Trbovlje
Velenje
Novo Mesto
Ptuj
Murska Sobota
S1
S2
S3
S4S5S6
S7
S8
S9 S10
S11 S12
S13
m1
m2
m3m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
Bziceni
Ocnita
Edinet
Geodeni
Falesti
Ungheni
Nisporeni
Carpineni
Leova
Comrat
Congaz
Ciadiz-Lunga
Taraclia
Vulcanesti
Cahul
BenderTiraspol
Belti
Kishinev
A326A323
A322
A324
A321
A522
A521
A721
A723
A724
A621
A821A923
A924
A1024
A921A922A1023
A1025
A1026
A1021
A1121
A1022A1031A1029
A1028A1027
A1030
A1032A1221
A1321
A1428
A1414A1427
A1424A1422
A1421
A1426A1425
A1528A1524A1526
A1527A1525
A1523
A1522
A1521
A422
A423
A722
A421
A1222
A73100007
A73200417A73200617
A73300407
A75000987
A40502037
A40502017
A4041017
A54110127A5411057
A54110017
A51210147A73390966
A40607017
A40607027
A40709117
A40709077
A40709067
A40709047
A40709037
A40709027
A40710027A40710017
A40907037
A40814047 A30900057
A30900047
A30900027
A30900017
A92001017
A31000017A31000027
A31100047
A31100057
A31100037
A31200037
A10000077
A10000027
A10000107A10000097
A10000087
A61400147A61400137
A61400127
A61400117
A61400107
A61400087A61400157
A21560297A21500087A21551267
A21551257
A21500057A21530157
A21500047
A21500027
A21510107A71560907
BUDAPEST1
BUDAPEST2
BUDAPEST3
DEBRECEN
MISKOLC
SZEGED
PECS
GYOR
NYIREGYHAZA1NYIREGYHAZA2
SZEKESFEHERVAR
KECSKEM ET
SZOMBATHELYSZOLNOK
TATABANYA
KAPOSVAR
BEKESCSABA
VESZPREM
ZALAEGERSZEG
EGER
DUNAUJVAROS
SOPRON
NAGYKANIZSA HODMEZOVASARHELY
ERD
SALGOTARJAN
OZD
BAJA
CEGLED
SZEKSZARD
KAZINCBARCIKA
GYONGYOS
PAPA
VAC
GYULA
AJKA
KISKUNFELEGYHAZASZENTES
HAJDUBOSZORM ENY
MOSONMAGYAROVAR1MOSONMAGYAROVAR2
GODOLLO
JASZBERENY
ESZTERGOM
KOMLO
OROSHAZA
DUNAKESZI
NAGYKOROS
VARPALOTA
MAKO
TATA HATVAN
TOROKSZENTMIKLOS
HAJDUSZOBOSZLO
KARCAG
BEKES
BUDAORSOROSZLANY
SZENTENDRE
SZIGETSZENTMIKLOS
DOMBOVAR
MOHACS
KOMAROM
PAKS
MEZOTUR
CSONGRAD
HAJDUNANAS
MONOR
TAPOLCA
GYAL
SZARVAS
MATESZALKA
BALMAZUJVAROS
BALASSAGYARMAT
SATORALJAUJHELY
TISZAUJVAROS
KALOCSA
VECSES
KISVARDA
MEZOKOVESD
SZAZHALOMBATTA BERETTYOUJFALU
GYOMAENDROD
SARVAR
ABONY
BATONYTERENYE
DUNAHARASZTI
DABAS
SAROSPATAK
BONYHAD
MOR
FOT TISZAFURED
TISZAVASVARI
GOD
SAJOSZENTPETER
SARBOGARD
NYIRBATOR
PUSPOKLADANY
DOROG
KISUJSZALLAS
POMAZ
KORMEND
HAJDUHADHAZ
MARCALI
NAGYATAD
BARCS
GYOMRO
TOLNA
NAGYKATA
CELLDOMOLK
PILISVOROSVAR
KOSZEG
TISZAKECSKE
BUDAKESZI
HEVES
TISZAFOLDVAR
MEZOBERENY
BICSKE
SZIGETVAR
PECEL
SARKAD
LAJOSMIZSE
KAPUVARCSORNA
ALBERTIRSA
SIKLOS
PASZTO
TURKEVE
SZERENCS
KUNSZENTMARTON
EDELENY
UJFEHERTO
SZIGETHALOM
SZEGHALOM
BUDAPEST CANNING-BREWERYBUDAPESTPAPER
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
DUNAUJVAROS PAPERDUNAUJVAROS METALLURGICAL
ALMASFUZITO CHEMICALLABATLAN PAPER
MARCALI LEATHER
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
PECS LEATHER
01FF01
01FF0201FF07 01FF04
02FF51
02FF02
02FF32
03FF06
03FF05
03FF07
03FF01
01FF13
01FF11
01FF22
01FF12
02FF17
02FF03
06FF27
04FF11
04FF14
02FF12
01FF62
01FF40
01FF38
06FF23
07FF01
07FF04
07FF05
08FF02
08FF04
10FF02
10FF04
10FF12
10FF14
11FF11
11FF12
07FF10
07FF11
07FF29
08FF07
09FF0308FF15
10FF22
11FF63
11FF32
CID
CIC
CIBCIE
CIA
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
CM12CM47
PECS LEATHER
A711A713A712
A311
A411
A1111
A1112
A1012
A1413A1411
A1414
A1412
A1416
A1311
A1313
A1312
A913
A912
A612
A611 A911
BUDAORS CHEMICAL
PET CHEMICAL
BALATONFUZFO CHEMICAL
MARCALI LEATHER
DUNAUJVAROS PAPER
CIECIB
CIA
CID
CIC
TISZAUJVAROS CHEMICAL
KAZINCBARCIKA CHEMICAL
agriculture
WWTP
others
others s a
Novi Sad
Osijek
Nis
Rijeka
Split
Constanca
Varna
Craiova
Ploesti
Braila
Sarajevo
Sofia
Bucuresti
Beograd
BM3
BM9
BM1
BM4
BM8
BM25
BM5BM2
BM38
BM16
BM35
BM36
BM37
BM22BM23
BM15
BM19
BM10
BM14
BM18
BM21
BM12
BM24
BM11BM17
BM28
BM26 BM29
BM32
BM31
BM27
BM33
BM13
BM34
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BI5
BI9
BS334 BS147
BS336
BS17
BS335
BS337
BS175BS18
BS342
BS346
BS345
BS344
BS178
BS339
BS27
BS348
BS32
BS197
BS37
BS30
BS191BS29
BS190BS28
BS189
BS25
BS355
BS40
BS39
BS201
BS33
BS352
BS198BS194
BS199
BS198
BS45
BS206
BS44
BS43
BS42
BS205BS206
BS51
BS360BS358
BS53
BSBS4
BS220BS270
BS49BS216
BS210
BS209
BS208
BS234
BS232BS364
BS363
BS56
BS230231BS229
BS55BS228
BS361
BS182
BS347
05FF18
BI4
BI1
BI3
BI2
BI5
BI9
Phosphorus105 kta
agricultureWWTP
others
PH Brunner 1424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
A direct and indirect inputs of animal waste productsB erosion and leachingC direct flows from private households and industryD diffuse inputs from forestry (erosion percolation)
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
15
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
PH Brunner 1524CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
16
MFA for greenhouse gas emission assessment
CO2 from hellip sources
fossil biogenic
f ilbiogenic
Energy from hellip sources
PH Brunner 1624CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
fossil
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
17
Concept of Balance Method
Material data of waste inputBiogenic matter C H O N S Cl
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
800
Fossil matter C H O N S Cl
Balance equations
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
mI
c m + c m
mB + mF + mI + mw
= awaste
= 1
0
200
400
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kg CO2 foss t waste
Revision of plant
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
cB mB + cF mF
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= cwaste
= HVwaste
= dO2-CO2waste
O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
o o
f energ
y fr
om
enic
sourc
es [
]
Line 1
Line 2
PH Brunner 1724CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
Operating data from WTE plantWaste input flue gas volume
CO2 O2 steam production0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
0
10
20
30
010707 010807 010907 011007
Rati
obio
ge
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
18
Balance Equation
mB + mF + mI + mw = 1Mass balance
mI
cB mB + cF mF
HV HV 2 45
= awaste
= cwaste
ldquoAshrdquo-balance
Carbon-balance
HVB mB + HVF mF -245mW
dO2-CO2 mB + dO2-CO2 mF
= HVwaste
= dO CO t
Energy-balance
Difference of d
O2-consumption O2CB mB + O2
CF mF = O2
Cwaste
PH Brunner 1824CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
dO2-CO2 B dO2-CO2 F = dO2-CO2wasteO2-cons +CO2-prod
Derived from operating dataCoefficients (given by the chemical composition of
biogenic and fossil matter)
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
19
Results (annual values)
CO2 - Emissions Fraction of fossil CO2 emissions []CO2 Emissions
819 plusmn39727 plusmn31
60 000
80000
100000
ssio
ns
sye
ar]
40
50
60
702 []
Radiocarbon methodBalance method
0
20000
40000
60000
CO
2-E
mi
[kilo
ton
s
bi i f il
529 471
0
10
20
30
PH Brunner 1924CTCI at NTU October 5 2009Johann Fellner
biogenic fossil
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
20
MFA for environmental protection and resources management
1st generation MFA Environmental protection
bull DDT
bull CFCs
bull PCBs NP etc
bull C -gt CO2 and CH42 4
2nd generation Resource management
bull Regional nutrient flows -gt integrated P management
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
PH Brunner 2024CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
bull Regional and global metal flows and stocks (Graedel)
-gt future metal management
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
21
Copper management based on MFA
11000 11500 3800
54011000
300000+7700
productscathodiccopper
Cu scrap III
680
Cu scrap II
waste
lOre
useWaste
management
54
1400Cu scrap I
11000 11500copper
production
2Copper
manufacturing
3
580000-11000
85000+3100
1700
Waste to landfill
1200waste
150slagOre
1 6Lithosphere landfill
flows 1000 tastocks 1000 t
PH Brunner 2124CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
source Graedel et al 2002 and Rechberger
World 1994rdquo
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
22
Application of MFA for governance in waste management
Goal improve waste management practice
step 1 professional MFA standard OumlWAV guideline (consensus)
step 2 Austrian Standard ONORM S 2096 ldquoMFA- Application in
waste managementrdquo
step 3 easy to use software STAN (freeware) for MFA in wm
step 4 mandatory MFA requirement for certified MSW companies
step 5 routine waste analysis by MFA on selected MSW incinerators
step 6 Link all relevant information for a new knowledge base (eg
PH Brunner 2224CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
for national waste management plan)
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
23
Conclusions
Objective - sustainable resource use
long term en ironmental protection- long-term environmental protection
MFA is instrumental for this objective because
bull it is a rigid transparent and objectiv method to model andvisualize material flows including uncertainty
bull It facilitates understanding and public acceptance of decisions
bull It is a key decision support tool for resource management environmental management and waste management
bull It is indispensable to establish knowledge bases for em rm andwm
PH Brunner 2324CTCI at NTU October 5 2009
wm
bull It needs to be standardized in order to fully exploit its potential
24
ThankThank youyou
PH Brunner 2424CTCI at NTU October 5 2009