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Henry II: 1154-1189
• increase royal power
• control the church
• indirectly murdered Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury
Richard I: 1189-1199
•considerable political and military ability
model of a true knight
•fought in the Crusades
sought Holy Relics
gave to the poor
Richard the Lion-Hearted
•killed in battle in France
Richard II:1377-1399
uncle was John of Gaunt, ruled briefly in his place
•peasants’ revolt of 1389
•confiscated the lands of the House of Lancaster, belonging to John of Gaunt, when John died
John’s son, Henry Bolingbroke, invaded and took over
Henry IV: 1399-1413
House of Lancaster
spent much of his reign just trying to establish himself
had to quell many rebellions
son (Henry V) maintained close relationship with Richard II
MANOR home of the lord and the land around it
SERFS completely dependent on overload
SOCIAL LIFE farming, herding, church
DAY TO DAY These matters were seen to by knights and serfs.
FEUDALISM
Imperialism
• London• Scotland• Wales• Ireland• France• Territories extending
southeast into Holy Land
KNIGHTHOOD
not necessarily passed on from generation to generation
did not have to be nobility to be a knight
went on local quests
went to fight the French
•went on crusades to the Holy Land
•jousted in tournaments
Chivalry
• Code of behavior for all knights
• Honorable• Courteous• Generous• Brave• Skillful in battle• Merciful• Respectful to woman• Helpful to the weak
Roman Catholic Church-united all people from kings to serfs in one common faith and
church
This church in Rottingdean, East Sussex, is nearly 1000 years old. It was made of stone and built to last. It would have been much larger than a
Medieval peasant's cruck house.
Ely Cathedral
• site of Christian worship since 673
• was originally a monastery
• sacked by Danes in 870s
• This structure was built after the Norman Conquest.
• became a cathedral in 1109
Crusades
• series of military campaigns
• between late 1000s and late 1200s
• usually approved by the Pope
• combination of war/pilgrimage
• aimed to take Jerusalem back from the Moslems
Hundred Years War
• 1337-1453• between England and
France• English were
eventually driven out of France
• England had major victories over France and Scotland
Monastery life
• self-sufficient community
• day consumed with work and prayer
• between prayers monks were permitted to write and transcribe
• wrote and studied in Latin
• also spoke other common languages
• opened to weary travelers
Life in London
• street games• wealthy merchants
hunting on horseback• ice-skating on sheep bone
skates• narrow and twisting
streets• most buildings made from
wood and straw• center of commerce and
trade
The Black Death: 1348-1349
• Bubonic plague• killed 1/3 of population
of London• occurred world-wide,
killing estimated 75 million
• serious blow to the Roman Catholic Church- “live for the moment”
• likely spread by the fleas on rats
Guilds
• people learned through apprenticeships
• covered all kinds of skills, from barrel-making to money-management
• series of steps to progress through, including craftsman and master
Guildhall in London
Herding
• British wool became famous
• herding replaced farming in importance
• cottages were turned into mills
• textile industry began
Printing Press
• Gutenberg: 1440s• movable type• 1476-William Caxton
brought to London• English dialect of
London became available to much wider audience
• writing became more standard-less influenced by copying preferences and errors