XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

( i ) The Middle East (including North Africa)

Ann Williams

13.01 Reference and General L.P. Elwell-Sutton has edited a comprehensive Eibliographicd guide to Iran (Hassocks: Harvester. f35). The Foreign Area Studies Centre of the American University in Washington is reissuing revised versions of its area handbooks. Algeria, Egypt, Israel. Libya, Morocco. Syria, Tunisia and Turkey have appeared since 1978. They contain useful historical surveys and bibliographies. Two valuable bibliographical surveys have been published by the University of Durham: P. Auchterlonie, Collections in British libraries on Middk Eastern and Islamic studies (Occasional Paper, xii), and D. Newman, E. Anderson and G. Blake, The security of Gulf oil: an introductory bibliography (ibid, xiii). Institut frangais d’ttudes anatoliennes d’Istanbul has compiled an invaluable volume, Truvaux et recherches en Turquie, 1982 (Louvain : Collection turcica, ii). Europa publisher’s 29th edition of Middle East and North Africa contains articles by M. A d a m and D. Gilmour on the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1967-82, and the Jerusalem issue. It also publishes a collection of documents on the Palestine question. B. Lewis looked at the impact of the West on the Muslim world from the eighteenth century in The Muslim discovery of Europe (Weidenfeld, €12.50). A.D. Alderson, The structure of the Ottoman dynasfy, which went out of print quickly after it was published in 1956, has been reissued by OUP.

13.02 evolution of medieval anti-Judaism (Cornell U.P.), is enlightening for western and oriental historians. M.C. Lyons and D.E.P. Jackson, Saladin: the politics of the Holy War (CUP, f25). is indispensable for the understanding of Arab reaction to the Crusades. It is a difficult work, and P.M. Holt, ‘Saladin and his admirers: a biographical assessment’(Bul. SOAS, xlvi), provides a good introduction. 13.03 The study of Mongol history is advanced by the publication of two works: F.W. Cleaves (ed and trans), The secret history of the Mongolr, Vol 1 (Harvard U.P.. f16). and P. Ratchnevsky, Biographie des Chingis Khan (Munich: Ostasiat. Stud., xxxii). 13.04 Several important works of art history have appeared this year. The symbolism of Islamic art is explained in J.-P. Roux, Etudies d’iconographie islamiqite (Cahiers turcica, f8.20). A very specialised study by J. Raby, Venice, Diirer and rhe oriental mode (P. Wilson, f20). reveals the limited understanding of the Muslim world during the Renaissance. H. Buchtal, Art of the Mediterranean world, A D 100-1400 (Washington DC: Decatur), examines cross-influences in the period. Y . Petsopoulos, Tulips, arabesques and turbans: decorative arts from the Ottomun empire (Sotheby Publ., €19.95), is a comprehensive collection of essays with the finest reproduction of illustrative material. 13.05 Variorum Reprints have brought out an important collection of P. Wittek’s articles, edited by V.L. Menage, La formation de l’empire Ottoman. B. McGowan breaks new ground in Ottoman studies in Economic life in [he Ottoman empire (CUP). C.A. Frazee. Catholics and sulfan~: rhe church and the Ottoman empire 163-1923 (CUP), is a rambling book full of interesting information.

Medieval and Early Modern J. Coles, The friars and rhe Jews: the

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13.06 Islam Books on this subject continue to pour from the presses. Two introductions for western readers are worth recommending. E. Mortimer, Faith and power: the politics of Islam (Faber. f10.50, pbk f5.95). is a sound introduction which simplifies the issues but does not debase them. M. Gilsenan, Recognising Islam (Croom Helm, f 12.95, pbk f6.95). is an individual approach to another religion which has already proved to be an exciting book for students. More specialised articles are collected in J.P. Pescatori, Islam in the political process (CUP, f 19.50, pbk f7.95). It has a perceptive summary of the debate at the end by A.H. Hourani. From the Muslim point of view, F: Rahman, Islam and modernity: transformation of an intellecmal tradition (Chicago U.P.), looks at the changes which have been made by education. K. Siddiqui, Issues in the Islamic movement (Open P., f13.95, pbk f6.95), is his second collection of useful articles from all over the world.

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13.07 The Arab World The study of economic history so long neglected by Middle East historians is now receiving serious treatment. C. Issawi, Economic history of the Middle East and North Africa (Columbia U.P. and Methuen, f12.05), is a perceptive survey, while a volume of essays edited by E.R. Owen, Studies in the economic and social history of Palestine in the 19th and 20th centuries (Macmillan). offers more specialised analyses, such as 'The European penetration and economic development of Palestine, 1856-82'. and 'The political economy of Jebel Nablus, 1920-48'. G. Makdisi. The rire of the colleges: institutions of learning in Islam and the West (Edinburgh U.P., f20). shows great insight into Islamic culture, while L.P. and N. Sanderson Education, religion and politics in southern Sudan, 1899-1964 (Khartoum U.P., 1981), illustrate a regional aspect of Muslim education. R.B. Sarjeant and R. Lewcock, Sana: an arabian blamic city (World of Islam Trust, fW), records the architecture and society of a traditional Arabian city before it changes. The photographs are outstanding. B. Lewis and B. Braude (eds). Christians and Jews in the Arab lands: the functioning of a plural society (N.Y.: Holms and Meier), is an important contribution to the understanding of minorities' problems. M.H. Kerr and S. Yassin. Rich and poor states in the Middle East: Egypt and the new Arab order (Cairo: American U.P., f12.25). and A.C. Kelly, A.M. Khalifa and M.N. El-Korazaty, Population and development in rural Egypt (Duke U.P.). show the macro- and the micro- approach to the interpretation of Egyptian society.

13.08 two parts of Volume 3: E. Yar-Shater (ed), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanid period (f37.50 each part). The violence of a later age is discussed by T.Y. Ismael, Iraq and Iran: roots of conflict (Syracuse U.P., $24, pbk $12.95). W. Stivers, Supremacy and oil: Iraq. Turkey and the Anglo-American world order, 1918-30 (Cornell U.P.). puts the problems of the area in perspective. P. Dumont and I.-L. Bacque-Grammont celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Ataturk with an important collection of essays by Turkish and francophone historians: La Turquie et la Frnnce a I'Ppoque d'Atatiirk (Col. turcica, 1981).

13.09 North Africa The pre-colonial history of the region continues to be neglected. so two very different studies are to be welcomed. M. Shatzrniller. L'historiographie ntbrinide: Ibn Khaldun et ses contetnporains (Leiden: Brill, DFI 56). looks again at the best source for the late middle ages. A.T. Sullivan. Thotrrtrs-Roherr Brigeatid: France arid Algeria. I784-1819, polirics. p o w r orid rite

Iran and Turkey The Cambridge History of Iran has advanced with the

XI11 The Middle East, Asia. Australia. New Zealand and the Pacific Islands 235

good rociely (Archon P.), is French-based but has looked at a wide range of archives. The North African struggle for independence continues to attract the attention of French historians. TWO of the more illuminating are B. Droz and E. Lever, Histoire de fa guerre d’AfgCrie 1954-62 (Pans: Le Seuil), and D. Guerin, BenBarka: ses assassins (Paris: Plon). A primary source of value is Les rnkmoires de Messafi Hadj (Pans: Lattes), which sheds light on the early debates in the Algerian nationalist movement. The work of anthropologists continues to be of great importance for the historian, especially in Morocco. D. Seddon, Morroccan peasants: (I cenrury of change in the eastern Rif, 1870-1970 (Dawson, 1981), examines the effects of colonialism. D.F. Eickelman, Moroccan Islam: tradition and society in the pilgrimage center, first published in 1976 (Texas U.P.. 1981, pbk f8), looks at popular religion in the city of Boujad.

(ii) Asia

N.J. Brailey

13.10 The greatest sensations in Asia in 1983 - the Philippines murder of Benign0 Aquino. the shooting-down of the South Korean airliner KAL 007, and the Rangoon, Burma assassination of several members of the South Korean cabinet - were events which highlighted the affairs of some of its smaller states, also the subject of some valuable new literature in 1982. Each bore implications at least, for external powers, but went almost ignored by Asia’s own two giants, India and China, still the focus of most Western interest and research, a fact recently almost bemoaned by the retiring editor of America’s leading oriental periodical the Journal of Asian Studies. Aligned usually with this surfeit of Sino and India-philes are to be found the ‘primitivists’. These are scholars who prefer to classify Asia with Africa as just part of the patchwork of Third World mere ‘victim’ societies, major and minor cultures, inevitably forever at the mercy of the imperialism, classical or ‘neo’, of the developed and all-powerful West. And such veritable Europocentrism, as regrettable as any which characterised Western writing about Asia in the era of European ‘high’ imperialism, is also employed to deny the existence in Asia of modem nation-states (a category into which, admittedly, it is difficult to fit either China or India), notwithstanding the fact that many Asian polities today possess, or are developing, a sense of national identity quite as strong as that to be found anywhere in the West itself, and quite transcending simple anti-Westernism. This is evident enough in the sense of foreignness felt towards each other even by the peoples of such neighbouring states as Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Burma. Doubtless Western contempt for such differing identities is born of their geographical remoteness, number, and variety, and the pure inconvenience of comprehending their complexity. Gradually, small bands of scholars are beginning to transmit back an awareness of such feelings,-but it is a slow process in face of hidebound Western prejudice and contrary wishful thinking which promises that the breakdown of the West’s complacency about its superiority will be a much more drawn-out and difficult process than necessary. 13.11 stance adopted even by some scholars of Japan, to date, by far the most compelling example of a non-North Atlantic state developing and industrializing. Characteristic of this group is J.P. Lehmann. The roofs of modern Japan (Macmillan. pbk f6.95). almost half of which is devoted to explaining the importance of pre-nineteenth- century Meiji RestoratiodRevolutiodWestern impact influences in the emergent,

A further unfortunate contribution to the obfuscation about Asia is the

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modern Japan, and which also claims that ‘all the major and rapid changes in the international scene which have occurred since 1941 are unquestionably the products of Japan’s modernisation’. Nineteenth-century Japan is convincingly identified as ‘a kind of semi-western colony’, and the ultimate Western effort to enforce this status, the 1895 Triple Intervention, as the real starting-point of Japan’s campaign to undermine the Western world order. But using always Latin America or the Arab world as his points of comparison, the author remains curiously oblivious to the success of such North Pacific backyard countries as South Korea, Taiwan, Hongkong, Singapore, and even the Philippines and Thailand, in following the path already trodden by Japan. The peculiar nature of Japan’s pre-nineteenth-century development is employed to justify its portrayal as a one-off, unique case, apparently quite incapable of emulation elsewhere in the non-North Atlantic world. The whole argument is then disrupted in the cause of substantiating the unlikely view that Japan was always an unpleasant international threat, by the claim that the 250 year long Tokugawa policy of isolationism, broken down by the 1850s by the Russians quite as much as Commodore Perry and Consul Harris, was just an ‘aberration’. 13.12 Similarly unhelpful in a sense is I. Nish (ed), Anglo-Japanese alienation 1919-52 (C.U.P., f25), although its real feature are contributions of a set of Japanese scholars. specially translated for the purpose. In the volume’s earlier stages, they seem to go as far as they feel they dare in conveying their forebears’ sense of conviction and justification in face of Western hypocrisy and pusillanimity in developing their ‘New Order’ in Eastern Asia. However, those concerned with the post-war years still disdain, as their compatriots have done generally, the rightful credit for actually destroying the old Western imperial order, and notwithstanding the brutality towards fellow Asians often employed in this achievement, the sense of common cause with modem Asian nationalism as a whole that could so easily have been created. The victors of 1945, above all the Americanising MacArthur, naturally preferred to see Japan resume its old imitativeness of the West, whether facade or fundamental reality, and this stance appears only now to be coming again into question as in the post-Vietnam era, Japan under Nakasone senses the Western weakness once more. Of special value, however, is the partly speculative, concluding essay by D.C. Watt, as a Europeanist opening his eyes to the extent of the Far East’s contribution to world affairs. 13.13 New works concerned specifically with Pearl Harbor are J. Toland’s Infamy (New York: Doubleday, f25), still pressing the old thesis that the Roosevelt administration deliberately courted such sensation to drag America into the European war, which effectively diminishes the Far Eastern theatre. and G. Prange, At dawn we slept (Penguin, pbk f7.95), which dismisses such arguments contemptuously with contrary effect. Like Nish, H.P. Wilmott. €pipires in rhe balonce (Orbis, f18). seeks to balance the Pacific War’s contribution to the emergence of the American temporary world policeman role, with consciousness of its effect in terminating an era of broader Western domination dating back to the voyage of Vasco de Gama in 1497, and the initiation of a new one yet to take clear and lasting form. H. Agawa, Yarnamoto and the imperial navy (Kodansha, pbk $6.50). is now available as the most comprehensive of studies in English of this fascinating and central figure of the 1930s Japan. R. Buckley, Occupatioii Diplomacy: Britain. the United States and Japati, 1955-52 (C.U.P., f21.50). supplements in more detail the later sections of Nish. T. Nishi’s well received Uncoriditional deriiocracy: education and politics in Occupied Japuri (Clio. f 1330). reflects the nexus achieved in certain Japanese between native ’purity’ and

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XI11 The Middle East, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

American idealism, which nonetheless produces a somewhat naive inability to appreciate either pre- or post-Occupation Japan. Broader context is available from C. Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: the growth of industrial policy, 1925-75 (Stanford U.P., $28.50); R.A. Miller, Japan’s modern myth (Weatherhill, $22.50); and M. Hane, Peasants, rebels and ourcasts: the underside of modern Japan (Pantheon, pbk S9.95). For the pre-war period, see also M. Fletcher, The search for a new order: intellectuals and fascism in pre-war Japan (Harvard U.P., $24); T.A. Stanley, Osugi Sakae, anachisr in Taisho Japan (Harvard U.P., $20); and T. Honjo, Emperor Hirohito and his chief aide de camp (Tokyo U.P.. $22.50). M.E. Berry, Hideyoshi (Harvard U.P., $30), has performed an invaluable task in producing the first substantial modem study in English of perhaps the most important as well as the most intriguing Japanese leader of the initial period of contact with the West, the sixteenth century. 13.14 Also worth mentioning is M. Munemitsu, Kenkenroku: u diplomatic record of the Sino-Japanese War 1894-5, edited by G.M. Berger (Tokyo U.P., f13.50), a unique first-hand account by the contemporary Japanese Foreign Minister of this starting-point of the rise of Japan, as well as of the modem relationship between Eastern Asia’s two main powers, equally important, therefore, to China as to Japan. Two new versions of their second conflict have appeared: D. Wilson, When rigers fight: the Sino-Japanese War 1937-45 (Hutchinson, f10.95), and the more academic but not less blinded to the Japanese angle, Hsi-Sheng Ch’i, National& China at war (Michigan U.P., $20). 0. Braun. A Cornintern agent in China 1932-39 (Stanford U.P., $25), is interesting autobiography, and again, broader context of a cultural sort is supplied by J. Gernet, Chine er christianisme: action et reaction (Paris: Gallimard, Fr 144), and the forever highly Sinocentric J.K. Fairbank, Chinabound: a fifty-year memoir (New York: Harper and Row, $20). See also F. Michael, Rule by incantation: Tibetan Buddhism and its role in society and state (Harvard U.P., $30). the only significant new work on this other constituent land of the Sinic world. 13.15 B. Cumings (ed), Child of conflict: the Korean-American relationship, 1913-53 (Washington U.P., $22.50); C. Buss, The United Srates and rhe Republic of Korea (Clio. pbk f7.50); M.E. Weinstein, Northeast Asian security after Vietnam (Illinois U.P., $17.50); and R.H. Myers, A United States foreign policy for Asia (Clio, pbk f7.70). are the new works that supply the background to the shooting down of KAL 007, highlighting the rising strategic as much as economic and political importance of the North Pacific. S.R. Shalom, The United Srates and the Philippines: a study of neo-colonialism (ISHI, Philadelphia, 1981, $19.95), and S.C. Miller, Benevolent Assimilation: the American conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903 (Yale U.P., $ 2 3 , reflect growing American concern about the nature of their impact on what was formerly considered a classic post-colonial democratic success story. But D.I. Steinberg’s superficial and historically unreliable Burma, a socialist nation of southeast Asia (Westview, f14.40), an expansion of his earlier, better-substantiated but still fundamentally apologetic Burma’s road toward development: growth and ideology under milirary rule (ibid, f24), illustrates well the difficulties of analysing states pursuing deliberate, hermit-like policies. 13.16 New literature on India is distinguished by the appearance of T. Raychaudhuri and I. Habib. The Cambridge Economic History of India, I : 1200-1750 (C.U.P., f45). The colonial experience i s variously covered by I. Copland, The British Raj arid rhe Indian princes: paramountcy in western India, 1857-1930 (London: Sangam, 16.95); B.D. Metcalf, Islamic revival in British India: Deohrrnd, 1660-1900 (Princeton U.P.. $27.50);$.R. Ashton, British policy towards

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the lndian states, 1905-39 (Curzon P., f6.75); and P.R. Greenough, Prosperity and misery in modern Bengal: the famine of 1943-44 (O.U.P., f20). B. and L. Andaya, A history of Malaysia (Macmillan, f6.95). both solidly expert in their field. have produced a valuable companion to M.C. Ricklefs’ work on Indonesia in the same series of advanced college texts noticed last year. For a parting shot, there is M. Sivaram, The new Siam in the making (New York: AMS, 1981, f24). deserving attention, particularly in its later stages, as a contemporary Asian journalist’s description of the 1930s nationalist revolution in Thailand, a revolution predating by years those in most of its neighbours. but cut off in its prime by the country’s reluctant entanglement in the Second World War.

Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature LXVIII

(iii) Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

W. David McIntyre

13.17 Australiia published, but a few general titles should be noted. B. Murphy, provided a Dicrionary of Australian History (Sydney: McGraw Hill , $15.95). G. Davidson assesses the ‘slice-volume’ scheme of the bicentennial history in ‘Slicing Australian history’ (N.Z. 1. of Hist., xvi). For secondary schools there are: R. Willis. Issues in Australian history (Melbourne: Longman-Cheshire, 613.50), and M. Johnston, Australia rhb century (Melbourne: Macmillan, $7.95).

13.18 There are several general and regional works on Aboriginal history: M. Apps, Aboriginal warfare (Syndney: Doubleday, $16.95); K. Maddock, The Australian Aboriginies: a portrait of their society (Melbourne: Penguin, $6.95); M.C. Howard, Aboriginal politics in southwestern Australia (Western Acstralia U.P., $15.95); K. Cole, A history of Numbiilwar: the story of an Aboriginal community in eastern Arnhem Land, 1952-1982 (Bendigo. Vic.: Keith Cole); P. Maccoll, The Aboriginal Australians in north-eastern Amhem-Land: an evaluation (Brisbane: Dept. of Education).

13.19 Discovery and Early Settlement remains an abiding interest. There are two works on the Iberian explorers: C. Collingridge, The first discovery and Australia ond New Guinea (Sydney: Pan Books. $8.95), dealing with Portuguese and Spanish voyages, 1492 to 1606, and K.G. McIntyre. The secret discovery of Aitsrralio: Portuguese ventures 250 years before Captain Cook (ibid, $8.95). An expensive cartographic collection comes from T.M. Perry, The dkcovery of Aiisrrnlia: tfie charts and maps of the navigators and explorers (Melbourne: Nelson, $65). L.R. Marchant has thoroughly investigated the French endeavours in France Aiistrale: a study of French exploration and attempts to foitnd a penal colony and strategic bnse in south western Australia, 1503-1526 (Perth: Artlook Books, $22.95). Another expensive, limited edition is A. Frost, Dream of a Pacific Empire: Sir George Young’s proposal for colonizafion of New Soiith Wales, 1784-85 (Sydney: Resolution P., 1980. $75). On the early years of the colony, the convicts are represented by J. King, The First Fleet: the convict voyages that foirnded Aiistralin. 1787-88 (Melbourne: Macmillan, $24.95). and a source book covering 1788 to 1800 is provided by P. Taylor. Australia, the first twelve years (Sydney: Allen and Unwin. 615.95).

Price in Aus 6 unless otherwise stated. No new surveys were

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13.20 Social and economic history continues to be the growing field, especially dominating the journals. On immigrant communities there is A.P.L. Stuer, The French in Australia (ANU. Dept. of Demography, $8.95), covering the period 1700 to 1939, and K. Cronin, Colonial casualties: Chinese in early Victoria (Melbourne U.P., $17.95). On childhood, K. McArthur contributes Bread and dripping: an Australian growing up in the twenties (Kenthurst NSW: Kangaroo P., 1981). Three other economic themes are: J.P. Niewenhuysen, Professions and the market place: an Australian study of lawyers, doctors, accountants and dentists (Melbourne U.P., $15); W. Kasper, Australian political economy (Melbourne: Mamillan, $24.95); and N. O’Rea and N. Turnbull, The history of Port Melbourne (Melbourne, OUP, $19.95). Hisr. Studs., xx, includes C.N. Connolly, ‘The origins of the nominated Upper House in New South Wales’; G. Fisher, ‘The pastoral interest in Sydney’s public health’; W.M. Chamberlain, ‘The characteristics of Australia’s Boer War volunteers’; J. McCalman, ‘Class and respectability in a working-class suburb: Richmond, Victoria, before the Great War’; G. Withers, ‘The 1916-17 conscriptions referenda: a cliometric reappraisal’; H. Bourke, ‘Industrial unrest as social pathology: the Australian writings of Elton Mayo’; W.A. Sinclair, ‘Women and social change in Melbourne 1871-1921’; L. Layman, ‘Development ideology in Western Australia 1933-1965’; R.J. Hay, ‘The Institute of Public Affairs and Social policy in World War 11’. Lubour Hist., xlii, includes: T:Sheridan, ‘The 1945 steel strike: trade unions, the New Order and Mr Chifley’; A.R. Churchward. ‘Attempts to form a union: the employees of the Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company, 1882-1898’; L. Tanner, ‘A protracted evolution: Labour in Victorian politics 1889-1903’; F. Cain, ‘The industrial workers of the world: aspects of its suppression in Australia 1916-1919’; D. Menghetti, ‘North Queensland Anti- Fascism and the Spanish Civil War’; A. Blake, ‘The Eureka Youth League: a participant’s report’. Labour Hist., xliii, includes: N. Williamson, ‘The employment of female teachers in the small bush schools in New South Wales, 1880-1890’; R. Morris, ‘The New South Wales ship painters and dockers 1900-1914‘; F. Alcoste, ‘The origins of trade unions in the Northern Territory’; G. Crescianti, ‘Italian immigrants in Australia 1900-22’; G.E. Patmore, ‘The origin of the National Union of Railwaymen’; D.J. Rose, ‘A history of the Labour Anti-War Committee’; M.T. Saunders, ‘The trade unions in Australia and opposition to Vietnam and conscription, 1965-73‘. The Australian Econ. Hist. R. , xxii, includes: D. Pope, ‘Wage regulation and unemployment in Australia 1900-30’; B.R. Davidson, ‘A benefit cost analysis of the New South Wales railway system, 1850s to 1920s’; T.W. Maclean, S.F. Molloy and P. Lockett, ‘The rural workforce in Australia, 1871-1911’; T. Sheridan, ‘Aspects of decision-making in a monopoly: BHP and the 1945 steel strike’; J.S. Galbraith and S.C. McCullock, ‘The early history of the Pearl River Land and Mineral Company: the P.G. King era’; R. Schlomovitz, ‘The profitability of Indentured Melanesian Labour in Queensland’.

13.21 Political history has less titles than usual. W. Denning, Caucus crisis: the rise w i d fall ofthe Scullin Government (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, $24.95), is the only pre-World War Two subject, but there are several on more recent party politics: D. Jaensch, The Australian parry system 1945-1982 (Sydney: Allen and Unwin), J. Jupp, Parry Politics, Australia, 1966-1981 (ibid, $19.95); M. Simms, A Liberal nation: the Liberal Party and Australian politics (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger. $24.95). Another useful reference guide from C.A. Hughes is Voting for rlie Australian stare lower houses, 1965-1974 (ANU Dept. of Pol. Sci.. 1981. $15). E. Ross. Of storm and trouble: pages from labour history (Sydney:

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Alternative Publishing Cooperative, $10.76). is a selection of documents. On recent developments, see R. Manne, The new conservatkm in Australia (Melbourne: OUP, S9.95), and M. Sawer, Australia and the new right (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, $19.95).

13.22 Labor (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger, $14.95). discusses the leader who died in 1957. G. Serle looks at Australia’s best,World War One general, John Monash: a biography (Melbourne U.P.. S27.50). The controversial first native-born governor- general is considered by C.F. Crisp, The unrelenting penance offederafist Isaac lsaacr, 18974947 (Canberra: L.F. Crisp, SS.50). There are three religious biographies: W. Modystack, Mary MacKillop: a woman before her time (Adelaide: Rigby, S19.95), on the Victorian pioneer of the Sisters of St Joseph and the Sacred Heart; A.J.A. Fraser, Archbishop Saumarez Smith, first Archbishop of Sydney and Primate of Australia, 1899-1909 (Wagga Wagga, NSW: A.J.A. Fraser. S3), and F. O’Donoghue, The Bishop of Botany Bay: the life of John Bede Polding, Australia’s first Catholic Archbishop (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 619.95). Two more parliamentary reference books appeared: G.S. Reid and M.R. Oliver. The premiers of Western Australia, 1890-1982 (Western Australia U.P., 68.95). and D.B. Waterson, A biographical register of the Queerasland Parliament, 1930-1980 (Canberra: A.N.U.P.). A. Downer, Six Prime Ministers (Melbourne: Hill of Content, S18.95), includes Menzies, Holt and Gorton.

13.23 There were few titles on external affairs, but they included a further volume in the splendid Documenu of Australian Foreign Policy, 1937-49: July 1941-June 1942 edited by W.J. Hudson and H.J.W. Stokes (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service). In Aicstralian J . of Pol. and Hist., xxvii. J. McCarthy looks at ‘Australia and the German Consuls-General, 1923-39’. and in volume xxviii, C. Bridge gives a new view of ‘R.G. Casey. Australia’s first Washington legation, and the origins of the Pacific War. 194042’. Australian Outlook, xxxvi. has N. Viviani. ‘Australia-Indonesia relations’, and P.T. Quinn. ‘An analysis of Australian non-goverrnent aid agency programmes’, which covers the period 19505 to 1980s.

13.24 There is a continuing interest in military history and defence policy. P. Firkins briefly surveys Australia’s wars in The Aiutralians in nine wars: Waikato to Long Tan (Sydney: Pan, 67.95). On the First World War: S. Welbourn. Lords of Death: a people, a plan, a legend (Freemantle. WA: Arts Centre. $12.50). reworks the Anzacs at Gallipoli; Behind the line: one woninn’s war, 1911-18 edited by D. Denholm (Sydney: Collins. $19.95). consists of the letters of Caroline Ethel Cooper; M. Reddrop, Jim’s story with the 37th Battirlion A f F (Melbourne: Spectrum, $7.95). tells of the experiences of James Henry Roberts; and a personal narrative comes from G.V. Evans, Recollections of the 1913-18 war (Spring Hill. Old: G.V. Evans, 61.95). There are three unit histories: E. Mitchell, Light Horse: the story of Australian nioiinred troops (Melbourne: Sun Books, $ 1 1.95): R. McNicholl, The Royal Australian Engineers 1919-1945: teeth and tail (S. Yarra . Vic: R.A.E.), and G. Christiansen (ed), That’s the way it was: the history of the ZJih Australian Infantry Battalion, 1939-1945 (Melbourne: 24 Battalion Association. SZO). On the Second World War there is a scholarly survey by D.M. Horner, High Command: Aiutralia and allied strategy, 1939-1915 (Sydney: Allen and Unwin. 629.95); another prisoner-of-war book G. Sprod. Bntnboo roirntl my slroirlder:

Biography and memoirs remain popular. K. White, John Cain and Victorian

XllI The Middle East. Asia, Australia. New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

Changi, die lighrer .Tide (Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo P.. 1918, $6.95); and on the home front. A. Splivalo, The home fires: life in rlie Ailrfralian internment canips (Frremantle. WA: Arts Centre P.. $15). a work about political internees; and S.L. Carruthers, Sydney wider siege: Japanese submaritie raiders (Waverton, NSW: Solus, $7.95). There is also a war biography: M. Farquhar, Derrick VC (Adelaide: Rigby, 515.95), on Thomas Currie Derrick. On more recent defence issues, T. Hall discusses the aircraft carrier H. M.A.S. Melbourne (Sydney: Allen and Unwin. $14.95); AS. Tame looks at the controversial issues of Maralinga, British A-bomb, Airstralian legacy (Sydney: Fontana, 55.95); G. Munster, The politics of the impolitic (Sydney: Angus and Robertson), criticizes military policy 1969-1925; and R. O'Neil and D.M. Horner asses Ailrrralian defence policy for the 1980s (Queensland U.P., $24.95). 13.25 larid: a history of Qitecnsltrtrd (Brisbone: Jacaranda. Wilcy. $10.95); R. Fitzgerald. From the huniirig to IYJS: a hi.rron of Qireenslrrrid (Qucensland U.P. , $19.9) : and A. Powell. Fur Coitrirry: u sliorr history of the Norrhern Territory (Melbourne U.P., $24.50).

13.26 New Zealand appeared: a reprint of the French 1914 classic. A. Siegried. Democracy in. New Zealand. translated by E.V. Burns (Wellington: Price Milburn, 516.50). and G.R. Hawke. The making of New Zetrlanrf (Wellington. Victoria U., Dept. of Econ. Hist., 1981). There is less work on Maori history than usual. E. Shortland. Trdiriotis atid Sicpersritioris of the New Zeulmders (New York: A.M.S. Press, US $32.50). is a new edition of one of the classic early accounts first published in 1854. M. King and I . Nottingham, A place ro stand: a hisrory of Turangawaewae Marae (Hamilton: Waikato U.. 1981). surveys the Kingitangta headquarters a t Ngaruawahia. K. Puketapu, Reform from within (Wellington: Dept. of Maori Affairs). discusses the Tu Tangata programme.

13.27 The present emphasis is on social and economic history. and there is great diversity in subject-matter. On women's themes: M.N. Arnold, Aspecfs offinding a wife in ninereenrh-century New Zealand (Wellington: Victoria U . , Working Papers in Econ. Hist.); W. MacDonald. Footprints of Kate Edger: u history of the New Zealnnd Federarion of Universiry Women. 1921-1981 (Auckland: Fed. of U. Women). On food: D.P. Burton. Two hundred years of New Zealand food and

'cookery (Wellington: Reed, $29.95). and J .R. Brewis, Colonial Fare (Auckland: Methuen, $26.95). on cooking in the pioneering period. On boys organisations: M.E. Hoare. Faces of boyhood: an informal pictorial record of the Boys Brigade in New Zealund, 1886-1982 (Wellington: The Brigade, 57). and D. Browning, Scouring yesterday and rodny (Hamilton: D. Browning, 54.80). D.K. McGill, The Orher New Zealanders (Wellington: Mallinson Rendel, S24.95), discusses ethnic minorities which have moderately substantial numbers. Sheep stations are covered by two titles: C.V. Wheeler, Historic sheep stutions of New Zenland (Wellington: Reed. 529.95). mainly illustrations; N. Crawford. The station years: a history of rhe Levels, Carringron and Holm Sfations (Cave: Noel Crawford. 1981. 519.50). M.E. Cuff, Torara Esrare: cetirenary of [he frozen meat indusrry (Wellington: N.Z. Historic Places Trust. $9.95). describes the pioneer slaughter-house near Oamaru, and G.G. Thornton, New Zealand's industrial heritage (Wellington: Reeds, 529.95). with a wealth of illustration records the nationwide remains of early industry. A valuable company history is provided by G.J. McLean, Spinning yarns: u cenrenninl

24 1

Finally, three state histories deserve mention: W.R. Johnson, The cull of rhe

Price in NZ 6 unless otherwise stated. Only two'general titles

242 Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature LXVIII

history of Alliance Textiles Lid., and its predecessors, 1881-1981 (Dunedin: Alliance Textiles, 1981), and by the same author, on a controversial small port, Oamaru Harbour: a port in a storm (Palmerston North:.Dunmore P., $18.95). The N.Z. Journal of Hist., xvi. includes M . Fairburn, 'Local Community or Atomized Society? The social structure of New Zealand in the nineteenth century'; L. Bryder, 'Lessons of the 1918 influenza epidemic in Auckland'; J. Vowles, 'Ideology and the formation of the New Zealand Labour Party: some new evidence'; and R.T. Robertson, 'Government responses to unemployment, 1929-35'. In Australian Econ. Hist. Rev., xxii, there is T. Endres, 'Designing unemployment statistics in New Zealand: a case history of political arithmetic, ~1860-1960'.

13.28 Religious history is attracting a good deal of interest. J.M.R. Owens, The Wesleyan rnirsionaries to New Zealand (Auckland: Wesley Hist. SOC., $1.20), is a republished lecture. J.J. Mol looks at the sociology of religion in Thefixed and the fickle: religion and identity in New Zealand (Dunedin: Pilgrims Path P., $16.50). Several religious organisations now have their histories: C.R. Bradwell, Fight [he goodfight: the story of the Salvation Army in New Zealand, 1883-1893 (Wellington: Reed, $12.95). is a centennial history as is P. Tonson, A handful ofgrain: the centennial history of the Baptist Union of New Zealand, Vol 1: 1851-1882 (Auckland: New Zealand Baptist Hist. SOC., $5.95). and P.M. Goulter, Sowers and reapers: a short history of the Sociery of the Sacred Heart in New Zealand, 1880-1980 (Auckland: Society of the Sacred Heart, $14). G.A. Ammundsen looks at The Anglican Mens Society in New Zealand, 1904-1979 (Wanganui: The Society. $2).

13.29 Political history is poorly served. S. Roche. The red arid the gold: an informal accoiirir of the Waihi Strike 1912 (Auckland: OUP, $19.95). attempts to look at a celebrated crisis through the eyes of participants. M.E.R. Bassett. Three Parry Politics in New Zealand, 1911-1931 (Auckland: Hist. Publ.. $7.50), covers the elections of 191 1, 1914. 1922 and 1928. There is a growing polemical literature on the 1981 Springbok tour, e.g. A.R. Meurant, The Red Squad Srory (Auckland: Harlen. $15.95), which is by a police inspector who took part. The opposite point of view appears in R. Shears, Storm out of Africa: the 1981 Springbok Tour of New Zealatid (Auckland: Macmillan. $12.95). and T.O. Newnham, By baton and barbed wire (Auckland: Real Pictures, $14.95).

13.30 Biography and memoirs are led by the first volume of R.C.J. Stone's life of Auckland's main founding father, Young Logari Cariipbell (Auckland U.P. and OUP. $19.90). which promises to be one of New Zealand's best biographies. J.S. Gundry, Dr Gundry's Diary, 2 Vols (Christchurch: Nags Head P., $14.95). is by the surgeon-superintendent of one of the Canterbury Association:s immigrant ships in 1851. W.A. Chambers, Samuel Ironside in New Zealand, 1839-1850 (Auckland: Ray Richards, $30), is about a Wesleyan missionary. Alison Drummond (ed), The Waikaro Jorirtials of Vicesimus Lush, 1864-8, 1881-2 (Christchurch: Pegasus P.. $29.50), deals with an Anglican minister. Two big figures in the transport industries also have biographies: G. Troup, George Troirp: architect and engineer ( Palmerston North: Dunmore P.. $17.95). who discusses an important railway servant; and N.W. Holmes, To fly a desk: Sir Geoffrey Roberts. frrtirer of Air New Zealatid (Wellington: Reed. 1513.95). about an airline leader. G.H.O. Wilson. An oiit.si&r looks back (Wellington: Port Nicholson P.. $74.9S). is the memoir of a member of the first Labour Government.

XI11 The Middle East. Asia. Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands 243

13.31 New Zeciland (Pinter. f15). On military history: M.R. Wickstead gives a brief survey, The New Zealand Army, 1840s-1980s (Wellington: Government Printer, $5.25); K.G. Wynn. A clasp for 'The Few': a biographical account of New Zealrind pilots in rhe Battle of Britain, Fighter Commands I0 July-31 October 1940 (Auckland: K.G. Wynn, $17.95), and B. Mackenzie, WAAF book: a scrapbook of wartime memories (Christchurch: Whitcoulls, $11.95), on women in the RNZAF in the Second World War. 13.32 One important regional history is S.T. Eldred-Griggs, A new history of Canterbury (Dunedin: McIndoe, %29.95), a leftish social history which takes three chronological slices - 1840-80, 1880-1930, 1930-80.

Only one title on external affairs: J. Lodge, The European Comminity arid

13.33 The Pacific There is one general title: J.P. White and J.F. O'Connell, The prehisfory of Aifitralia, New Zealand and Sahul (Sydney: Acad. P., $30). and two European maritime titles: C. Holmes (ed), Captain Cook's final voyage: the journal of midshipman George Gilbert (Manuka ACT: Brian Clouster, Aus $24.50), and W. Bligh, The mutiny on board H.M.S. Bounty (Melbourne: Argot, Aus f39.95), which is a facsimile of Bligh's log in the PRO, London. The Islands are listed moving roughly from west to east. Papua-New Guinea: B. Jinks, 'Blaming the victim: Leonard Murray and the suspension of civil administration in Papua' (Australian J . of Pol. and Hist., xxviii), and the same author's 'Australia's post-war policy for New Guinea and Papua' (1. Pacific Hist., xvii). In the same issue: D. Langmore, 'A neglected force: white women missionaries in Papua, 1874-19 10' and D. Wetherall, 'The fortunes of Charles W. Abel of Kwato, 1891-1930,'which is about an LMS agent on a small off-shore island. Norfolk Island: M. Hoare, Norfolk island: an outline of its hisrory, 1774-1981 (Queensland U.P.). Melanesia: R.M. Ross, 'Evolution of the Melanesian Bishopric' (N.Z. Journal of Hist., xvi), deals with Selwyn from New Zealand, and later New Zealand missionaries in Vanuatu are described in M.J. Savage, Forward into freedom: Associated Churches of Christ in New Zealand missionary outreach, 1949-1979 (Nelson: Assoc. Churches of Christ, 1980, $6). Also relating to Vanuatu is M. Gilding, 'The massacre of the Mysrery: a case study in contact relations' (J. Pacific Hist., xvii). On Micronesia: F.X. Hezel, 'From conversion to conquest: the early Spanish mission in the Marianas' (ibid), and part one of Pol. Sci., Wellington, xxxiv, is centred on 'Law and politics in the American Pacific'. On Fiji: T.J. McNaught, The Fiji colonial experience: a study of the neonationalist order under British colonial rule prior to World War I1 (Canberra: A.N.U.P., Aus %lo), and J. Young, 'The response of Lau to foreign contact' ( J . Pacific Hisf., xvii). Tonga: I.C. Campbell, 'The Tu'i Ha'atakalaua and the ancient contitution of Tonga' (ibid). Tahiti: H.A.H. Driessen, 'Outriggerless canoes and glorious beings: pre-contact prophesies in the Society Islands' (ibid).