Oil Refineries in IndiaThe Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas is concerned with exploration and production of Oil & Natural Gas, refining, distribution and marketing, import, export and conservation of
petroleum products.
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The Government of India has adopted several policies to fulfil the increasing demand. The government has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in many segments of the sector, including
natural gas, petroleum products, and refineries, among others.
, 100 (FDI)
What are the different oil and gas sectors?
What is upstream? - Upstream is E&P (exploration and production). This involves the search for underwater and underground natural gas fields or crude oil fields and the drilling of exploration wells
and drilling into established wells to recover oil and gas.
What is midstream? - Midstream entails the transportation, storage, and processing of oil and gas. Once resources are recovered, it has to be transported to a refinery, which is often in a completely
different geographic region compared to the oil and gas reserves. Transportation can include anything from tanker ships to pipelines and trucking fleets.
What is downstream? - Downstream refers to the filtering of the raw materials obtained during the upstream phase. This means refining crude oil and purifying natural gas. The marketing and
commercial distribution of these products to consumers and end users in a number of forms including natural gas, diesel oil, petrol, gasoline, lubricants, kerosene, jet fuel, asphalt, heating oil, LPG (liquefied
petroleum gas) as well as a number of other types of petrochemicals.
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The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September 1960 by five countries namely Iran,
Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
They were to become the Founder Members of the Organization. These countries were later joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975), Angola (2007),
Equatorial Guinea (2017) and Congo (2018).
Ecuador suspended its membership in December 1992, rejoined OPEC in October 2007, but decided to withdraw its membership of OPEC effective 1 January 2020. Indonesia suspended its membership in January 2009, reactivated it again in January 2016, but
decided to suspend its membership once more at the 171st Meeting of the OPEC Conference on 30 November 2016.
Gabon terminated its membership in January 1995. However, it rejoined the Organization in July 2016. Qatar terminated its membership on 1 January 2019.
This means that, currently, the Organization has a total of 13 Member Countries.
Headquarters - Vienna, Austria
Membership 13 states
Public Sector Undertakings
Biecco Lawrie Co. Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
Engineers India Limited Gas Authority of India Limited
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Indian Oil Corporation Limited Numaligarh Refinery Limited
Oil India Limited Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited
Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited
Headquarters - Kolkata, India
It is a Mini-Ratna-I Public Sector Enterprise, under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas of India.
It has six Strategic Business Units – Industrial Packaging, Greases & Lubricants, Leather Chemicals, Travel & Vacations, Logistics and Refinery & Oil Field Services
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
Founded - 1952
Headquarters – Mumbai
The Corporation operates two large refineries of the country located in Kochi and Mumbai. The company is India's 2nd largest
downstream oil company
Biecco Lawrie Co. Limited
It is a Public Sector Undertaking under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (PSU) of the Government of India and was established in
1919 as British India Electric Construction Company Limited.
BLL manufactures medium-voltage switchgears and have separate turnkey project and Electrical Repair division
Headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.
Shut down in 2018
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL)
CPCL has two refineries with a combined refining capacity of 11.5 million tonnes per year.
The Manali Refinery in Chennai has a capacity of 10.5 million tonnes per year and is one of the most complex refineries in India with fuel, lube, wax and petrochemical feedstocks production facilities. CPCL's second refinery is Nagapattnam Refinery located at Cauvery basin at
Nagapattinam in Panagudi.
Headquarters - Chennai, India
Gas Authority of India Ltd.) (GAIL) is MAHARATNA Government of India undertaking company. Gail is the largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution
company in India.
HQ – New Delhi
Founded - August 1984
production, GAILTEL and electricity generation.
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is a Maharatna Indian oil and natural gas company.
It has about 25% market-share in India among public-sector companies (PSUs) and a strong marketing infrastructure. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, also second
promoter of the company (first promotor is The President of India), owns 51.11% shares in HPCL and others are distributed amongst financial institutes, public and
other investors
HQ – Mumbai
Founded - 1974
It is the largest commercial oil company in the country
It is India's largest downstream oil company, with a workforce of more than 33,000 employees
Indian Oil's business interests overlap the entire hydrocarbon value-chain, including refining, pipeline transportation, marketing of petroleum products, exploration and
production of crude oil, natural gas and petrochemicals.
HQ – New Delhi
Numaligarh Refinery Limited
The Numaligarh Refinery is located at Morangi, Golaghat district, Assam in India is a refinery owned by Numaligarh Refinery Limited, a joint venture between Bharat Petroleum
(61.65%), Oil India (26%) and Govt of Assam (12.35%).
It is a mini-ratna PSU.
It has a capacity of 9 million metric tonnes per year.
HQ – Golaghat district, Assam
Oil India Limited
On February 18, 1959, Oil India Private Limited was incorporated to expand and develop the newly discovered oil fields of Naharkatiya and Moran in the Indian North
East.
In 1961, it became a joint venture company between the Indian Government and Burmah Oil Company Limited, UK. In 1981, OIL became a wholly-owned Government of India enterprise. Today, OIL is a premier Indian National Oil Company engaged in the business of exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas, transportation of crude oil and production of LPG. OIL also provides various E&P
related services and holds 26% equity in Numaligarh Refinery Limited.
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited
Maharatna
Founded – 1956
ONGC is the largest oil and gas exploration and production company in the country.
It produces around 70% of India's crude oil and more than 80% of its natural gas.
Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL) is an Indian company responsible for maintaining the country's strategic
petroleum reserves. ISPRL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB), which functions under the
administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Strategic petroleum reserves
Miniratna company
MRPL is a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
15 Million Metric Tonne Refinery
MRPL, with its parent company Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)
India is
2nd largest refiner in Asia
3rd largest consumer of crude oil and petroleum products in the world
The oil and gas sector is among the eight core industries in India and plays a major role in influencing decision making for all the other important sections of the
economy.
India’s economic growth is closely related to energy demand; therefore, the need for oil and gas is projected to grow more thereby making the sector quite conducive
for investment.


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Onshore Vs Offshore drilling
Onshore drilling refers to drilling deep holes under the earth’s surface whereas offshore drilling relates to drilling underneath the seabed. These drilling methods are used in order to extract natural
resources – usually oil and gas – from the earth.
Oil production in India comes primarily from three onshore states, Assam, Gujarat and Rajasthan, which together account for more than 96 per cent of oil from onshore fields,
Offshore - Mumbai High Field.
4. Ankleshwar – Gujarat
7. Mumbai High – Mumbai
9. Bassein - Mumbai
Sagar Samrat
It is located at Bombay High, 176 kilometers off the coast of Mumbai. It is managed by ONGC. Sagar Samrat has a drilling depth of 18,000 feet (Bombay high discovered by Russian ship Akademik Arkhangelsky)
INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED (IOCL)
BIHAR - BARAUNI
GUJARAT - KOYALI
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MAHARASTRA - MUMBAI
PUNJAB BATHINDA
(HPCL)
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- (HMEL) (JV)
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MAHARASTRA - MUMBAI
KERALA – KOCHI
MADHYA PRADESH - BINA
(BPCL)
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- (BORL) (JV)
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TAMIL NADU – MANALI, CHENNAI
TAMIL NADU - CAUVERY BASIN
(CPCL)
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NUMALIGARH REFINERIES LIMITED (NRL)
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ANDHRA PRADESH – TATIPAKA
KARNATAKA - MANGALORE
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- (MRPL)
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NAYARA ENERGY LIMITED (NEL)
- (DTA)
- (SEZ)
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(IOC + HPCL + BPCL)
Barmer Refinery - Rajasthan
jointly owned by Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited and Government of Rajasthan.
This refinery will be connected with Jamnagar Refinery and Bathinda Refinery through Amritsar Jamnagar Expressway.
Centre For High Technology
Directorate General of Hydrocarbons.
Oil Industry Development Board.
Oil Industry Safety Directorate
Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board
Centre for High Technology (CHT) will act as the dedicated technology cell of the Ministry
of Petroleum & Natural Gas for the Hydrocarbon Sector committed to: Provide technical
support and guidance for excellence in refining, fuel quality and environment protection.
Benchmark Refinery and Pipelines operations. Promote continual improvement in
performance, process & energy efficiency and value addition for sustainable refining
operations.
Promote R&D and innovation in downstream hydrocarbon sector including bio-fuels.
Promote policy framework, methods, systems and process for updation of technology and
competency development for the benefit of the industry.
Engineers India Limited (EIL) is a Navratna public-sector undertaking of the Government of India under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It was set up in 1965 to provide
engineering and related technical services for petroleum refineries and other industrial projects..
Founded - 1965
Headquarters - New Delhi, India
The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) was constituted under The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006
It protects the interests of consumers and entities engaged in specified activities relating to petroleum, petroleum products and natural gas and to promote
competitive markets.
The board has also been mandated to regulate the refining, processing, storage, transportation, distribution, marketing and sale of petroleum, petroleum products and
natural gas so as to ensure uninterrupted and adequate supply
Directorate General of Hydrocarbons.
The Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) was established in 1993 under the administrative control
of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas through Government of India Resolution.
Objectives of DGH are to promote sound management of the oil and natural gas resources having a
balanced regard for environment, safety, technological and economic aspects of the petroleum activity.
DGH has been entrusted with several responsibilities like implementation of New Exploration Licensing
Policy (NELP), matters concerning the Production Sharing Contracts for discovered fields and exploration
blocks, promotion of investment in E and P Sector and monitoring of E and P activities including review
of reservoir performance of producing fields. In addition, DGH is also engaged in opening up of new
unexplored areas for future exploration and development of non-conventional hydrocarbon energy sources
like Coal Bed Methane(CBM) as also futuristic hydrocarbon energy resources like Gas Hydrates and Oil
Shales.
Oil Industry Development Board
The Oil Industry Development Board was established on 13th January, 1975 under the Oil
Industry (Development) Act, 1974 to provide financial assistance for development of Oil
Industry.
The Oil Industry (Development) Act, 1974 was enacted following successive and steep increase
in the international prices of crude oil and petroleum products since early 1973, when the
need of progressive self-reliance in petroleum and petroleum based industrial raw materials
assumed more importance.
The Oil Industry Development Board is functioning under the administrative control of Ministry
of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
Oil Industry Safety Directorate
advisory body in India.
It was established in 1986 by Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Gas.
oil industry.
O.N.G.C. VIDESH LIMITED
ONGC Videsh Limited, a Miniratna Schedule “A” Central Public Sector Enterprise
(CPSE) of the Government of India under the administrative control of the
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, is the wholly owned subsidiary and
overseas arm of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), the flagship
national oil company (NOC) of India.
The primary business of ONGC Videsh is to prospect for oil and gas acreages
outside India, including exploration, development and production of oil and
gas.
Petroleum Conservation Research Association
PCRA is an organization established in India in 1978, under the aegis of the
Indian Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas of Government of India that is
engaged in promoting energy efficiency in various sectors of the economy.
It helps the government in proposing policies and strategies aimed at
reducing India's dependency on oil, in order to save money, reduce the
environmental impact of oil use and also conserve fossil fuel.
Petroleum Planning And Analysis Cell
To ensure effective administration of the subsidy schemes notified by the
Government.
To monitor and analyse trends in prices of crude oil, petroleum products and
natural gas
To monitor developments in the domestic market and analyse options for
policy changes in pricing, transportation distribution of petroleum products.
To collect, compile and disseminate data on the domestic oil and gas sector in
a continuous manner and maintain the data bank.