The Mogollon, the Anasazi, The Mogollon, the Anasazi, and the Hohokamand the Hohokam
Adaptations and Alterations Made for
Survival
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The MogollonThe Mogollon~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.
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Mogollon Habitat
• Mountain and desert dwellersMountain and desert dwellers
• Gila River CountryGila River Country
• Mimbres RiverMimbres River
• San Francisco RiverSan Francisco River5
Mountain dwellers Mountain dwellers Desert dwellersDesert dwellers
Mogollon Habitat
blm.gov/az
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Gila River Country
Mogollon Habitat
blm.gov/az
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Mimbres & San Francisco RiversMogollon Habitat
nmsu.edu
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How the Mogollon got food and other goods
•Hunter-Gatherers: bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, white-tail deer, antelope, beaver, badger, jackrabbits, cottontails, turkeys
•Farmers: corn, beans, squash, cotton•Traders: traded with people from the
coast for shells and pots9
How the Mogollon got food and other goods
Hunter-GatherersHunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
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How the Mogollon got food and other goods
FarmersFarmersCorn Squash
www.pecad.fas.usda.govblog.usa.gov
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How the Mogollon got food and other goods
TradersTraders
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Artifacts
•spear pointsspear points•stone knives stone knives •grinding bonesgrinding bones (deer, rabbit, squirrel,
gopher, prairie dog, badger, pronghorn and mountain sheep)
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Mogollon ArtifactsSpear Points, Stone KnivesSpear Points, Stone Knives
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon ArtifactsBonesBones
blm.gov
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More Artifacts
• PotteryPotteryBrown or red before 900 a.d.Brown or red before 900 a.d.
Mimbres (black on white) in 900 a.d.Mimbres (black on white) in 900 a.d.
• Stone axes ground on 3 sidesStone axes ground on 3 sides
• Shell pendants, bone hairpinsShell pendants, bone hairpins
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statemuseum.arizona.edu
Artifacts Mimbres PotteryMimbres Pottery
Blm.gov
Nps.gov
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Artifacts Stone AxesStone Axes
Nps.gov
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Artifacts Shell Pendants, Hair PinsShell Pendants, Hair Pins
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations
1.1. Totally relied on Totally relied on environment environment 2. Followed seasons2. Followed seasons
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Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations
May have left area due to May have left area due to climate change or drought climate change or drought which would lead to food which would lead to food
shortagesshortages
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Mogollon Ruins
Gila Cliff DwellingGila Cliff DwellingKinishba PuebloKinishba PuebloGrasshopperGrasshopperQ Ranch PuebloQ Ranch PuebloPoint of Pines PuebloPoint of Pines Pueblo
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Mogollon Ruins
Gila Cliff Dwellingsnps.gov
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Mogollon Ruins
Kinishba Pueblo
Nps.gov
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The AnasaziThe Anasazi~100 a.d. - 1300 a.d.~100 a.d. - 1300 a.d.
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Anasazi Habitat
Stone architectureStone architectureCliff dwellings or pueblos Cliff dwellings or pueblos Kiva built in center of plaza Kiva built in center of plaza
-underground -underground -for ceremonies -for ceremonies -with benches-with benches
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Anasazi HabitatCliff dwellings or pueblos
nps.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Farmers: corn or maize, Farmers: corn or maize, squashsquash
Hunter-Gatherers: rabbit, Hunter-Gatherers: rabbit, deer, prairie dogsdeer, prairie dogs
Basket makersBasket makers
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Farmersusda.gov blog.usa.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Basket Makers
Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts
• Pottery (learned from thePottery (learned from theMogollon)Mogollon)
• Squash gourds for waterSquash gourds for water• BasketsBaskets• Stone tools – spear, Stone tools – spear,
throwing throwing stickstick• Digging sticksDigging sticks
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Artifacts
PotteryPottery
Loc.gov
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Artifacts
Squash gourds for waterSquash gourds for water
The gourds used to store water would have looked something like this. Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts
BasketsBaskets
Nps.gov
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Anasazi ArtifactsStone toolsStone tools
Throwing Sticks Throwing Sticks and Spearsand Spears
Nps.gov
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Anasazi ArtifactsDigging SticksDigging Sticks
Can you imagine using a stick to dig a hole to plant a seed in order to getfood?
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Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations
1. Carried water from source to 1. Carried water from source to villagevillage
2. Built homes in cliffs for 2. Built homes in cliffs for protection from elements and protection from elements and enemiesenemies
3. Built homes facing south for 3. Built homes facing south for heat in winterheat in winter
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Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations
nps.gov
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Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations
What may have happened to What may have happened to them?them?
DroughtDroughtEnemies invadedEnemies invadedInternal conflictInternal conflict
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Anasazi Ruins•Mesa VerdeMesa Verde•Canyon de ChellyCanyon de Chelly•KayentaKayenta
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Anasazi RuinsMesa VerdeMesa Verde
usgs.gov
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Anasazi RuinsCanyon de ChellyCanyon de Chelly
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
nasa.gov
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The HohokamThe Hohokam~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.
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Hohokam Habitat
• Sonoran Desert by riversSonoran Desert by rivers
• Made homes of ‘jacal’ (adobe)Made homes of ‘jacal’ (adobe)
• Villages built around plazaVillages built around plaza
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Hohokam Habitat
Nps.gov
Hohokam Hohokam adobe adobe dwellingdwelling
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Farmers: corn, beans, cotton, Farmers: corn, beans, cotton, agave, and squashagave, and squash
Hunter-GatherersHunter-Gatherers
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods FarmersFarmers
Virginia.gov
usda.gov
CottonCorn Agaveusda.gov
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods Hunter-GatherersHunter-Gatherers
RabbitsPrairie dogs Deer
Mo.gov fws.govBlm.gov
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Hohokam artifacts found
Pottery--Red on BuffPottery--Red on Buff
Shell ornamentsShell ornaments
Stone toolsStone tools
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Hohokam ArtifactsPottery – Red on Buff
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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ArtifactsShell ornamentsShell ornaments
statemuseum.arizona.edu54
ArtifactsStone tools
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations
1. Moved from desert in 1. Moved from desert in summer to foothills, then summer to foothills, then back to desert in winterback to desert in winter
2. Built over 300 miles of 2. Built over 300 miles of canals to irrigate cropscanals to irrigate crops
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Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations
Canal system--Old and NewCanal system--Old and New
waterhistory.org
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Adaptations and Alterations
May have left due to:May have left due to:droughtdroughtfloodsfloodsclimate changeclimate change
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Hohokam Ruins
Casa GrandeCasa GrandeSnaketownSnaketown
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Hohokam RuinsCasa Grande
nps.gov
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Hohokam RuinsSnaketown
statemuseum.arizona.edu61