Canadian Monarchist NewsLes Nouvelles Monarchiques du Canada

Special Issue – Autumn 2016 — No. 38An occasional Newsletter for members and friends of The Monarchist League of Canada

The Monarchist League of CanadaLa Ligue Monarchiste du Canada,

PO Box1057, Lakeshore West PO, Oakville, Ontario, Canada L6K 0B2905-855-7262 (800) 465-6925 www.monarchist.ca

THE MONARCHIST LEAGUE OF CANADA – 46th ANNIVERSARY 1970-2016

The Cost of Canada’sConstitutional Monarchy

SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS■ This edition of THE COST OF CANADA’S

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY estimates that the overallcost of the Canadian Crown in fiscal year 2014-2015was approximately $54,995,107 or $1.53 per Canadian.In constant dollar terms, this represents an approximatedecline of over seven per cent.

■ As The Queen of Canada’s representative, the GovernorGeneral and his office served this country’s populationof 35,851,774 (July, 2015) at an annual cost of $1.19per person.

■ The total annual cost of the service of the LieutenantGovernors and their Offices to the Queen and theprovinces of our country was $0.30 per capita.

■ The Queen’s vice-regal representatives undertook some4,037 engagements during the 2014-2015 fiscal year.

■ By way of comparison, the Canadian Monarchy costCanadians per capita less than the House of Commons($11.76), the Senate ($2.38) and the CanadianBroadcasting Corporation ($28.95).

■ The Monarchy cost residents of the United Kingdoma total of £35.7 million (C$61.5), or C$0.94 per UKresident in 2014-2015. However, the Queen returnedto the Treasury £216.9 million (C$373.7), or C$5.74per UK resident, from the revenue surplus of theCrown Estate.1

NOTE: The Private Secretaries of the Governor General and LieutenantGovernors were provided with a draft of this Survey, and asked to pro-vide comment on and corrections to information in relation to their re-spective offices. The League is grateful to the important contribution ofRideau Hall in ensuring that the Survey conveys accurate inform ationabout its many-faceted operations, and to the Offices of the Lieu tenantGovernors of Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince EdwardIsland, Québec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbiafor their helpful responses. Information on engage ments not updatedby a vice-regal office is indicated in italics, and is an estimate based onfigures from the previous edition of this Survey. Figures used through-out this Survey are from 2014-15, the most recent fiscal year available.

$1.536th Edition – 6e édition – 2014-2015

Commissioned by the Monarchist League of Canada:A complete revision of a Survey issued triennially since 1999

Étude commandée par la Ligue monarchiste du CanadaRévision complète d’une étude publiée tous les trois ans depuis 1999

per Canadianpar Canadien

Le coût de la monarchieconstitutionnelle au CanadaLa présente étude a pour but de dresser unportrait clair, unique et global des dépensesordinaires liées à la couronne canadienne etde souligner l’utilité de cette institution pour cepays. Le texte en français ci-dessous reprendles points forts de l’étude intégrale.

FAITS SAILLANTS DE L’ÉTUDE■ En 2014-2015, le coût global de la couronne

canadienne a été de 54,995,107 $, soit 1.53 $par Canadien.

■ Le gouverneur général, en tant que repré -sentant de la Reine, a servi la populationcanadienne de 35,851,774 habitants (juillet,2015) au coût global annuel de 1.19 $ par personne. Les bureaux des 10 lieutenants-gouverneurs ont servi la Reine et leursprovinces respectives au coût global annuelde 0.30 $ par personne. En 2014-2015, les11 représentants et représentantes de laReine regroupés ont entrepris 4,037 activités.

■ À titre de comparaison, le coût annuel dece principe fondamental du système degouvernance canadien se compare

suite à la page 2

2 – Le coût de la monarchie constitutionnelle au Canada – Les Nouvelles Monarchiques du Canada – L’automne 2016

favorablement au budget de la Chambredes communes (11.76 $ par personne),du Sénat du Canada (2.38 $ parpersonne), et à celui de RadioCanada (28.95 $ par personne).Le critiques de l’identité monarchique

du Canada et les coûts qui y sont associésnégligent la contribution globale de lacouronne au maintien d’une démocratiestable au Canada. D’ailleurs, ils nereconnaissent pas, au cas où le Canadaserait une république, que l’on nommeraittoujours des chefs d’État non exécutifslesquels vivraient dans les résidenceshistoriques qu’occupent actuellementles représentantes de la Couronne.Si des arguments pour une républiqueexistent, on ne saurait les fonder surdes questions de coût. La famille royaleet les représentants et représentantesau Canada de Sa Majesté entreprennentdes milliers d’activités communautaires,cérémoniales et constitutionnelles ici età l’étranger. Ce travail est entrepris parleurs bureaux respectifs avec l’aide d’ungrand nombre de ministères fédéraux etprovinciaux et de beaucoup de bénévoles.Et on accomplit ce travail à coût modestepar Canadien, surtout par rapportaux autres dépenses du gouvernementLes Canadiens sont souvent surprisd’apprendre que les opérationsquotidiennes du palais de Buckinghamne leur coûtent rien. Ces dépensessont assumées par le gouvernementet le Parlement du Royaume-Uni.En conséquence, les Canadiens etCanadiennes bénéficient d’une situationexceptionnelle qui leur permet de vivredans un royaume qui ne contribue enrien aux dépenses ordinaires de sonmonarque. Si donc le monarque elle-même ne coûte rien au Canada, à quoibon réaliser cette enquête?

En général, la plus grande proportiondes coûts liés à la couronne au Canadasont encourus par les bureaux dugouverneur général et des lieutenants-gouverneurs dans l’exercice quotidiende leurs pouvoirs et de leurs respon -sabilités au nom de la Reine. Ces coûtscomprennent les coûts de sécurité, de

transports, de bureau et d’entretiendes résidences, ainsi que les importantscoûts administratifs liés à un régimede distinctions honorifiques en pleinecroissance.

Du dehors, souvent on ne peut saisirpleinement les demandes quotidiennesaux quelles répondent notre famille royaleet les représentants et représentantes dela Reine: ils doivent composer avec deshoraires excessivement chargés, desjournées très structurées, un manque detemps personnel, l’obligation de demanderla permission de quitter le pays ou laprovince et un engagement qui les liesept jours par semaine, 365 jours par an– engagement qui reflète le notion deservice qui est au cœur des décenniesqu’a passées Sa Majesté sur le trône.

Les représentantes et représentantsvice-royaux du Canada entreprennentun important nombre d’activités chaqueannée. Chaque bureau dénombre sesactivités de sa propre façon. Notre but estde souligner le nombre impressionnantd’activités dans l’ensemble, ce qui necomprend pas le temps nécessaire pourpréparer chaque activité – à savoir unnombre incalculable d’heures, ce quiconstitue la majeure partie de leursfonctions et qui assure la réussite desévénements organisés pour ou parun gouverneur ou gouverneure.

En 2014-2015, le gouverneur générala beaucoup voyagé pour accomplir desengagements à travers les provinces et lesterritoires, ainsi que huit pays à l'étranger.D’ailleurs, plus de 245 000 visiteurs etinvités ont été accueillis aux résidencesofficielles (Rideau Hall et la Citadelle deQuébec) Au provincial, les lieutenants-gouverneurs jouent un rôle semblable:ils visitent les quatre coins de leurprovince pour rencontrer des gensdans les différentes collectivités et ilsorganisent des événements auxrésidences officielles ou dans leursappartements. Les statistiques montrentque les représentants et représentantesde la Reine au Canada ont entrepriscollectivement environ 4065 activitésen 2014-2015.

suite de la page 1

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 3

INTRODUCTIONThis Survey is the sixth undertaken by the

Monarchist League of Canada since 1999.The Royal Family and Her Majesty’s

representatives in Canada carry out thousands ofcommunity, ceremonial and constitutional duties.This work is under taken with the assistance of manyfederal and provincial government departments,by the vice-regal offices and by their volunteers.

Since the League first commissioned this triennialSurvey, compiling the financial information hasbecome much easier as a result of the internet andintroduction of open government initiatives. More -over, the eleven vice-regal offices are given sightof the draft of this Survey in order that they maysuggest amendments to clarify any aspect thatthey believe might be inaccurate. However, thefinal responsibility for the accuracy of theSurvey remains with the League.

The underlying intention of this Survey hasremain ed constant since 1999: to bring authoritativeinformation together in one place, and in turn tounderline the very modest cost associated withthe Canadian Crown in order to help silence thosewho critique this fundamental institution as anexample of costly and unnecessary spending by theCanadian and provincial governments. In fact, thegreat majority of these costs (machinery ofgovernment, the dignified elements of a constitution,operating historic residences, honouring outstandingservice) would still be incurred by a theoreticalCanadian republic.

One sentence sums up this Survey: inits significance, service and symbolism, theMaple Crown provides good value to Canadaand Canadians.

1: THE CANADIAN CROWNAll authority in Canada ultimately comes

from the Crown; it forms the underlyingstructure of the country’s eleven sovereigngovernments, based in Ottawa and the tenprovincial capitals.

While Her Majesty is the personalembodiment of the Canadian State and theCrown in Canada, she is also Monarch of15 other separate Realms in which shecannot be present at one time. For thisreason a Governor General is appointed tocarry out many of the constitutional dutiesof The Queen in each of the Realms outsidethe United Kingdom.

In Canada, the Governor General isappointed on the advice of the Prime Minister.Whatever the formal or informal consultativeprocess that may be used, the Prime Ministeralso nominates the Lieutenant Governors foreach province. whose formal appointment isby the Governor General in Council. Togetherthey exercise the powers of the Crown on aday-to-day basis.

The daily support of the Royal Family,including living expenses, offices, travel andresidences, cost Canadians absolutely nothing.These expenditures are covered by The Queenpersonally, and/or the British Parliament, withthe result that Canada, in common with theother Realms, covers none of the day to daycosts of the members of the Royal Family.

In general, the principal expenses

associated with the Crown in Canada are toenable the Governor General and LieutenantGovernors to undertake their daily duties,both constitutional and social. Thesenecessitate support for items such assecurity, travel, residences, offices,entertainment and honours.

Financial support is provided by thefederal and provincial governments forThe Queen and senior members of theRoyal Family only when they come home toCanada, “on advice,” that is, at the requestof the Government of Canada, in order toundertake duties in the country or representCanada overseas. This category, for example,applies to the 2016 tour of BC and Yukon bythe Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, and thePrincess Royal’s participation in the NationalRemembrance Day ceremonies in 2014.Most Royal Homecomings are “working visits,”where other than security assistance, theexpenses are covered by the organizations,typically charities and regiments, who haveinvited the Royal Family members.

This Survey mainly focuses on the costsassociated with the routine maintenanceof the households, offices and staff of theGovernor General and Lieutenant Governors:in general, this institution at the centre of theCanadian system of government costs little,yet brings great value to the nation.

4 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

OFFIcIAL – 2014■ TRH the Prince of Wales

and the Duchess ofcornwall: Official Visit of4 days: 18-21 May, withstops in Halifax, Pictou,Charlottetown and Win -nipeg. Approximately 30engagements undertaken.

■ HRH the Princess Royal(Anne), accompanied byVice Admiral Sir TimLaurence. Official Visit oftwo Days in the NationalCapital Region, includingthe National RemembranceDay observance and therededication of theNational War Memorialas well as other events.Approximately 18 engage -ments undertaken.

WORkING – 2013■ HRH Prince Philip,

the Duke of Edinburgh:two days: 26-27 April.Visited Toronto at therequest of the RoyalCanadian Regiment;Presented Colours to theRoyal Canadian Regiment.The Governor General alsopresented the insigniasof Companion of the Orderof Canada and the Orderof Military Merit to HisRoyal Highness.

■ HRH The Duke of York(Andrew): five days: 15-19May. Visited Vancouver andVictoria; presented Duke ofEdinburgh Awards, visitedthe University of BritishColumbia Brain Treatment

Department and attendedthe Highland Games.

■ HRH the Princess Royal(Anne): five days:22-26 October; VisitedToronto and Kingstonin celebration of the110th Anniversary of theCanadian ForcesCommunications andElectronics Branch.

■ HRH the Duke of York(Andrew): two days:25-26 October; VisitedLakefield, Ontario forthe Trustees’ Meeting ofLakefield College School.

■ TRH the Earl andcountess of Wessex(Edward & Sophie):two days: 1-2 November.Visited Toronto for the

2: REGAL AND VICE-REGAL SERVICEThe number of engagements that are undertaken

by members of the Royal Family and the vice-regalrepresentatives of The Queen during a typical yearis significant. Due to the varying ways of eachhousehold defining what is an “engagement.”the figures should be regarded as general andimpressive rather than the more precise account -ing that could be given were the eleven vice-regalsto publish Canadian equivalents of The CourtCircular as issued daily by Buckingham Palace.

For the purposes of this Survey, an

“engagement” is viewed as an event attendedby a member of the Royal Family or a vice-regalpersonage in which they may be the host or aguest, and may perform numerous tasks rangingfrom giving a short speech to presiding over alengthy ceremony.

While the engagement totals may be approximatebased on the best available information, theynonetheless help to illustrate the sheer volumeof service provided by a member the Royal Familyor a vice-regal.

2.1: ENGAGEMENTS UNDERTAKEN BY THE ROYAL FAMILY IN CANADAListed below are both the official “on

advice” Royal Homecomings by membersof the Royal Family as well as workingvisits over the past three years coveredby this Survey.

Between 2013 and 2015, Canadawelcomed “official” Royal Homecomings byTRH the Prince of Wales and the Duchessof Cornwall (Charles and Camilla) andHRH the Princess Royal (Anne), both in2014. During these two Homecomings,members of the Royal Family undertookapproximately 48 engagements overa combined 6 days.2

The other Canadian visits by membersof the Royal Family were “working visits,”initiated by organisations such as the Dukeof Edinburgh Awards, various charitiesand elements of the Canadian Forces.

An itinerary is issued for official RoyalHomecomings. Those who organiseworking visits do not always do the same,which is both irritating and unfair torecognizing the service of their Principals.That is why the working visits listedprovide a broad itinerary rather than adetailed list of engagements as withOfficial Royal Homecomings.

Royal Homecomings 2013-2015

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 5

50th Anniversary Galafor the Duke of EdinburghAwards.

2014■ HRH the Duke of York

(Andrew): Four days:5-8 June. Visited Toronto,Aurora and Lakefield:Lakefield College, TheQueen’s York Rangersand attended severalprivate meetings.

■ TRH the Earl andcountess of Wessex(Edward & Sophie): Eightdays: 12-19 September.Visited Vancouver, Victoria,Kelowna, Moose Jaw andNorth Bay for the Duke ofEdinburgh Awards, FirstNations round-tables andother charitable activities.

2015■ HRH the Princess Royal

(Anne): Two days: 18-19February; Visited Montrealto preside at the EmergingLeader’s Dialogue.

■ HRH the Earl of Wessex(Edward): Nine days:26 October – 3 November.Visited Ontario, Nova Scotia,PEI and Newfoundland &Labrador. Performed officialfunctions pertaining to hispatronages and charitableconcerns.

■ HRH the countess ofWessex (Sophie): Threedays: 12-14 November.Visited Toronto to attendevents hosted by TheToronto General & WesternHospitals, the LieutenantGovernor of Ontario, theLincoln & Welland Regiment,the Royal AgriculturalWinter Fair and theToronto Police Service.2,3

2.2: ENGAGEMENTS UNDERTAKEN BY VICE REGALSIn addition to welcoming visitors yearly to his official

residences, the Governor General travels across thecountry in order to meet with many Canadians from allparts of the country and all walks of life, to take part inlocal events and ceremonies and to discuss variousissues that are important to Canadians. In 2014-2015,His Excellency visited 31 communities in 8 provincesand one territory. He welcomed more than 245,000visitors and guests at the official residences (RideauHall and La Citadelle)

Lieutenant Governors perform a similar role,travelling to all corners of their provinces and meetingwith people in different communities as well as hostingevents at Government House or the LieutenantGovernor’s Office.

The table below shows the approximate number ofengagements undertaken in 2014-2015, based on thebest available information derived from vice-regalwebsites and from information provided by vice-regaloffices. Information on engagements not updated by avice-regal office is indicated in italics, and is an estimatebased on figures from the previous edition of this survey.

It is estimated that in 2014-2015 the Queen’s vice-regal representatives in Canada collectivelyundertook approximately 4065 engagements.

TABLE: Engagements undertaken byVice Regal Office holders

2014-2015Governor General of Canada: 550Lt. Gov. of Newfoundland and Labrador: 300Lt. Gov. of Prince Edward Island: 563Lt. Gov. of Nova Scotia: 322Lt. Gov. of New Brunswick: 400Lt. Gov. of Quebec: 206Lt. Gov. of Ontario: 411Lt. Gov. of Manitoba: 302Lt. Gov. of Saskatchewan: 280Lt. Gov. of Alberta: 300Lt. Gov. of British Columbia: 431Total4 4065

6 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

3: ROYAL HOMECOMINGS & GOVERNOR GENERAL’S OVERSEAS VISITS

3.1: OFFICIAL ROYAL HOMECOMINGSAs explained above, the Federal

government provides support only forofficial Royal homecomings made at itsrequest. Working visits made by membersof the Royal Family are paid for by the host

organisations, not government funds.The section below gives an overview

of the federal government’s costsassociated with the two official RoyalHomecomings in 2014.

3.2: OFFICIAL ROYAL HOMECOMINGSEXPENDITURE SUMMARYExpenditures associated with the two 2014 Official Royal Homecomings:

18–21 May 2014:TRH THE PRINcE OF WALES AND THE DUcHESS OF cORNWALL:Total: $650,500Cost approximately $0.02/Canadian

10-11 November 2014:HRH THE PRINcESS ROYAL:Total: $128,000Cost approximately. $0.003/Canadian5

3.3: THE GOVERNOR GENERAL’S FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH VISITSAt the Request of the Prime Minister,

the Governor General travels abroad torepresent Canada for an official Statevisit, support of Canada’s Armed Forcesor attendance at events in which Canadais participating, be it the commemorationof the 100th anniversary of the beginningof the First World War or an internationalsporting event. When travelling abroad,the expenses of the Governor Generalare covered by the federal governmentand are organised and executed byseveral government departments,

including the Department of GlobalAffairs, the RCMP, the Department ofNational Defence, Canadian Heritage,the Office of the Governor Generaland the Privy Council Office.

The costs associated with these tripsare part of the overall expenditure ofthe government elements concerned,as broken down elsewhere this survey.The list below outlines some of the tripsabroad undertaken by the GovernorGeneral between 2012 and 2015.

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 7

2012-201311 countries visited officiallyby the Governor General in2012-2013 including:■ April 8-10, 2012 –

Visit to France and Belgiumto take part in special eventscommemorating the 95thanniversary of the Battle ofVimy Ridge and Ceremonyat the Menin Gate in Ypres.

■ April 22 – May 2 2012 –Visits to Brazil, Barbadosand Trinidad and Tobago

■ June 3-6, 2012 –Visit to the United kingdomto take part in The CentralWeekend to celebrate TheQueen’s Diamond Jubilee.

■ November 30 – December7, 2012 – Visits to Mexico,Peru and Guatemala

■ February 24-26, 2013 –Visit to South korea toattend the inaugurationceremony of Park Geun-hye, President of theRepublic of Korea.

■ March 19, 2013 –Visit to Vatican city toattend the Installation ofPope Francis.6

2013-2014Eight countries visitedofficially by the GovernorGeneral in 2013-2014including:■ April 30 2013 –

Visit to The Netherlandsto represent Canada at theInvestiture Ceremony ofHis Majesty King Willem-Alexander in Amsterdam

■ May 13-22, 2013 –Visits to Ghana, Botswanaand South Africa

■ May 28-29, 2013 –Visits to the cities ofBoston and New York, USA

■ October 16-26, 2013 –Visits to china andMongolia

■ February 22 – March 2,2014 – Visit to India.7

2014-2015Eight countries visitedofficially by the GovernorGeneral in 2014-2015:■ April 28 – May 2, 2014 –

Visit to the West coastof the USA: Los Angeles,San Diego; San Francisco;and Seattle

■ October 22-26 2014 –Visit to Poland in orderto participate in the 75th

anniversary of the beginningof World War II, as well asthe 15th anniversary ofPoland’s membership inthe North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO).

■ October 26 – 27, 2014 –Visit to the Netherlands tomark the 70th anniversaryof the beginning of theLiberation of the Nether -lands, in which CanadianForces participated

■ October 27-29, 2014 –Visit to Belgium toparticipate in acommemoration markingthe 100th anniversary of thebeginning of World War Iand the First Battle of Ypres.

■ November 29 – December6 2014 – Visit to chileand colombia

■ January 26, 2015 –Visit to Saudi Arabia, tooffer condolences on thedeath of King Abdullahbin Abdulaziz.

■ March 28-29 2015 –Visit to Singapore toattend the obsequies ofthe founding father andformer prime ministerLee Kuan Yew.8

8 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

4.1: OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR GENERALAnnually the Office of the Governor

General is provided with funding that isvoted by Parliament in order to allow theGovernor General to perform his role asThe Queen’s representative. In 2014-2015the Governor General’s Office was grant -ed $21,066,313 as an overall operatingbudget. However, of this overalloperating budget available for use, atotal of $20,861,040 was actually used.

This funding provides for the 148employees who make up the Office of theSecretary to the Governor General, andsupports them in their work to assist theGovernor General. Also included are thecosts associated with the HonoursProgram as well as the supportprovided to former GovernorsGeneral and their spouses.9,10

4.1.1: 2014-2015 EXPENDITURES ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNOR GENERALTotal Available for Use:Program expenditures: $18,160,255Contributions to employee

benefit plans: $2,072,844Salary of the

Governor General: $276,200Annuities payable under

The Governor General’s Act: $551,361Spending of proceeds from

the disposal of surplusCrown assets: $5,653

TOTAL11 $21,066,313

Total Used:Program expenditures: $17,954,982Contributions to employeebenefit plans: $2,072,844

Salary of the Governor General: $276,200Annuities payable under the

Governor General’s Act: $551,361Spending of proceeds from

the disposal of surplusCrown assets: $5,653

TOTAL12 $20,861,040

The used budget for the governor generalcan also be broken down as follows:(Numbers, in Millions have been rounded)Governor General Support: $12.45MInternal Services: $5.50MStatutory (non-discretionary)

Expenditures: $2.91MTotal13 $20.86M

4: THE GOVERNOR GENERALThe role of the Governor General is to act as the

sovereign’s representative in Canada and, in theMonarch’s absence, to carry out and perform manyof the duties of the Crown. The position of theMonarchy is entrenched in the Constitution Act 1982and would require unanimous consent by Canada’sParliament and provincial Legislatures to effect anysignificant changes in that role.

Through the Letters Patent of 1947, the office isconstituted with the ability to exercise many of theMonarch’s powers. However, this does not mean theGovernor General is equal to the Monarch; theGovernor General remains the representative of theMonarch, and his powers remain those of theSovereign. So the Governor General on behalf of theMonarch is able to facilitate the constitutionalfunctioning of the federal government by, inter alia,summoning and dissolving Parliament, selecting a

Prime Minister and offering advice to theGovernment of the day. He also receives diplomatsaccredited to Canada and receives overseas headsof state. As previously explained, he also travelsabroad to represent the Canadian interest.

Through the Honours and Awards System theGovernor General brings attention to theachievements and bravery of Canadians, both civilianand military. All these Honours and Awards arecreated with the approval of the Queen, who is theFount of Honour.

A further important role of the Governor Generalis to celebrate the Canadian identity and promoteCanadian unity both through events held at RideauHall and La Citadelle, and through regular travels toa wide variety of engagements and audiencesthroughout Canada.

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 9

4.1.2: PREVIOUS EXPENDITURES OF THE OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR GENERAL2013-2014Total Used:(Numbers in Millions have been rounded)Governor General Support $11.70MInternal Services $5.57MStatutory (non-discretionary)

Expenditures: $3.03MTotal14 $20.3M

2012-2013Total Used:(Numbers in Millions have been rounded)Governor General Support $11.94Internal Services: $6.07Statutory (non-discretionary)

Expenditures: $2.82MTotal15 $20.83M

4.2: OFFICIAL RESIDENCES

4.2.1: RIDEAU HALLRideau Hall is Her Majesty’s official

residence in Canada. The main buildingconsists of 175 rooms and, along with 20other historic buildings, sits on 79 acresalong Sussex Drive in Ottawa. SinceConfed eration it has served as the officialresidence and office of the GovernorGeneral. It is the location of officialceremonies, state events and officialdinners. Canadians are honoured fortheir achieve ments here, foreign envoysreceived and visitors, including foreignheads of state, are welcomed.

Tours of the residence and groundsare offered the public year-round, andparts of the grounds are frequently madeavailable for public use. Since 1986 thegrounds and buildings have been all beenmaintained by the National Capital Com -mission (NCC), a Crown corporation thatmaintains lands and buildings in theNational Capital Region on behalf ofthe federal government.

For 2014-2015 the total operatingcost of Rideau Hall to the NCC was$6,740,00016

4.2.2: LA CITADELLEConstructed between 1820 and 1832,

La Citadelle sits on 37 acres in the heart ofthe Old Capital, Quebec City, and consistsof several buildings. It remains an activemilitary garrison, and has been the officialbase of operations for the Royal 22eRégiment since 1920. Open for tours inthe summer months, it is also an official

residence of the Monarch: since 1872,every Governor General has spent atleast two weeks a year in residence.

The expenses incurred in maintainingand running La Citadelle are coveredby the budget of Public Works andGovernment Services Canada. For 2014-2015 the overall cost was $730,00017

4.3: ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICEThe Royal Canadian Mounted Police

provides security for the GovernorGeneral and his spouse, whereverTheir Excellencies may be. They are alsoresponsible for the overall security of the

Monarch and senior members of theRoyal Family when they are in Canada.

In 2014-2015 the RCMP providedsecurity services to the Governor Generalat a cost of approximately $6,590,00018

10 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

4.4: DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCEThe Department of National Defence

provides support and secure trans -portation for the Governor Generalboth inside and outside Canada through -out the year.

National Defence also provides theGovernor General’s Aides de Camp, a

role filled by junior officers in the ArmedForces, and guards of honour atceremonial and state functions.

In the 2014-2015 fiscal year theDepartment of National Defence providedsupport for the Governor General in theamount of $6,810,00019

4.5: DEPARTMENT OF GLOBAL AFFAIRSWhen the Governor General travels

abroad at the request of the PrimeMinister, the expenses are borne by theDepartment of Global Affairs, which alsoassists in briefing His Excellency onCanadian foreign policy for these visitsas it does when the Governor General

receives foreign heads of state andgovernment and diplomatic envoys.

The Accounts for 2014-2015 showthat the Department’s total financialsupport of the Office of the GovernorGeneral as $1,160,00020

4.6: THE DEPARTMENT OF CANADIAN HERITAGEThe Department of Canadian Heritage

oversees many matters related to theMonarchy in Canada, such as theorganisation of Royal Homecomings, theinstallation of new Governors General andthe funerals of former Governors General.It also provides educational materialsincluding official Canadian portraits ofthe Queen and A Crown of Maples, an

educational booklet. Because many of theDepartment’s responsibilities vis à vis theCrown vary significantly from year to year,the related expenses by the Departmentalso varies from one year to the next.

For 2014-2015 Canadian Heritagecontributed $30,000 in respect ofthe cost of the Governor General’soperations.21

4.7: EXPENDITURE SUMMARY: THE GOVERNOR GENERAL

2013-2014Office of the Governor General $20,306,504NCC/Rideau Hall $9,460,000DPWGS La Citadelle $880,000RCMP $6,760,000DND $6,890,000Global Affairs $,2,290,000Canadian Heritage NilTotal $40,586,504

2012-2013Office of the Governor General $20,828,891NCC/Rideau Hall $10,890,000DPWGS La Citadelle $1,660,000RCMP $6,310,000DND $5,380,000Global Affairs $1,810,000Canadian Heritage $250,000Total22 $47,128,891

2014-2015Office of the Governor General $20,861,040NCC/Rideau Hall $6,740,000Dept of Public Works & Government Services Canada: La Citadelle $730,000RCMP $6,590,000Department of National Defence $6,810,000Global Affairs $1,160,000Canadian Heritage $30,000Total $42,921,040cost per canadian resident $1.19

PREVIOUS YEARS’ EXPENDITURES IN SUPPORT OF THE GOVERNOR GENERAL

This representsa reduction of$2,906,351 in theoverall expenditurefor the GovernorGeneral, which isa $0.12 reduction incost per Canadianresident, sincethe last editionof this Survey.

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 11

5: CANADIAN SECRETARY TO THE QUEENWhen such an appointment has been made, The Canadian Secretary to the Queen

is the principal liaison between the Monarch and the Canadian Government, as wellas the provinces and other interested parties in respect of the planning of RoyalTours to Canada. The Canadian Secretary to the Queen also oversees speechwriting and correspondence for the Monarch in a Canadian context. He also hassupported the Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments, the future of which –as with the Canadian Secretary’s position itself – was unclear at the time thisSurvey was composed.

In 2014-2015 the Canadian Secretary to the Queen was part of the Privy CouncilOffice. However, the budget was not broken down in Public Accounts and insteadwas included as part of the overall Privy Council Office expenditure. But thefollowing approximate numbers are given, based on other information:

2014-2015Salary for Canadian Secretary to the Queen23 $150,000Additional support $165,000Provision of support to the Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments24 $150,000Total $465,000cost per canadian resident: $0.012

6: THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNORSThe Lieutenant Governors perform on the provincial level much the same role

as the Governor General on a national level. Appointed by the Governor Generalin Council, they serve as Her Majesty’s Provincial representatives.

They hold the powers of the Crown provincially and therefore can summon anddissolve the provincial legislatures, select premiers, create and award provincialhonours, and work to promote pride in their individual provinces throughceremonial events and community visits.

Each Lieutenant Governor receives funding from both the federal and relevantprovincial government. The federal government funding is covers salary andgeneral expenses of the office of the Lieutenant Governor, while the provincialgovernment is responsible for office budgets, cars, and residences. However,there is no uniformity to this type of funding across the provinces, which oftencharge vice-regal expenses to multiple provincial ministries, in which costs maynot be apparent in line items, an example being the expense of transportation andsecurity provided by the Ontario Provincial Police.

As well, greater expenses may be incurred by some provinces where anhistoric Government House must be maintained, often as both a heritage buildingand as offices and/or accommodation for the Lieutenant Governor. The widely-varying geographical size and population of each province also affect eachLieutenant Governor’s budget, as for example exaggerating expenses to travel tomore remote locations in large provinces, and/or increasing per capita costswhen a province has a relatively small population. These differences, outside vice-regal control, must be taken into account when looking at the costs associatedwith the Lieutenant Governors.

Regardless of the unique circumstances prevailing in each province, theLieutenant Governor are as one in their loyalty to the Canadian Crown, and intheir public service mirroring that of the Sovereign whom each represents.

Some facts behind thefigures – and good valuefor small expense

Activities at Govern -ment House, Halifax,which could be echoedby the Vice-Regal House -holds across Canada:

In addition to hostingTheir Royal HighnessesThe Prince of Wales andDuchess of Cornwall atGovernment Housewhere 14 Royal Tour-related events took place,the Lieutenant Governorpresided over 6 invest -itures at GovernmentHouse, participated in22 awards ceremonies,161 external events,42 receptions/ volunteerrecognition events atGovernment House, alongwith 77 other events andcourtesy calls. In totalthe Lieutenant Governordelivered 177 speechesand greetings. A totalof 1,176 retirement andanniversary certificateswere issued. GovernmentHouse played host toapproximately 12,500visitors. For the secondyear in a row Govern -ment House was a leadparticipant in Doors OpenHalifax and NoctureHalifax “art at night,”garnering more than3,000 visitors forthese events.

The Lieutenant Gover -nor and Administratorgranted Royal Assent to60 Bills, presided overtwo Royal Assent cere -monies, one Speech fromthe Throne Ceremony/Opening of the Legisla -ture. The Lieu tenantGovernor and Admin -istrator signed 512Orders-in-Council.

12 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

6.1: FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNORSThe federal government covers the

basic funding of the Lieutenant Governors,including salaries.

The 2014-2015 Accounts show that theFederal Government spent $2,206,658to pay the salaries and some expensesof the Lieutenant Governors.

Salaries comprise the largest part ofthese grants, each Lieutenant Governorreceiving $137,057.80. The remainder isallocated to the Lieutenant Governorsfor the purpose of “defraying the costsincurred in the exercise of their duties.”

TABLE: Federal Expenditures for theLieutenant Governors 2014-2015

Expenses IncurredProvince LG’s Salary: by the LG Office TotalQuebec $137,057.80 $147,372 $284,429.80Ontario $137,057.80 $105,627 $242,684.80British Columbia $137,057.80 $97,814 $234,871.80Newfoundland and Labrador $137,057.80 $77,590 $214,647.80Alberta $137,057.80 $75,940 $212,997.80Manitoba $137,057.80 $73,762 $210,819.80Saskatchewan $137,057.80 $73,758 $210,815.80Nova Scotia $137,057.80 $64,199 $201,256.80New Brunswick $137,057.80 $62,947 $200,004.80Prince Edward Island $137,057.80 $57,071 $194,128.80TOTAL24 $2,206,658

TABLE: Federal Expenditures for theLieutenant Governors in previous recent years

As can be seen in the table below, Federal Government support for the Lieu -tenant Governors had been increasing slowly over the past number of yearsconsistent with inflation. However, there was a small reduction in 2014-2015.

2006-2007: $1,964,779 2007-2008: $1,985,938 2008-2009: $2,002,103 2009-2010: $2,038,648 2010-2011: $2,075,088 2011-2012: $2,087,861 2012-2013: $2,142,178 2013-2014: $2,212,013 2014-2015: $2,206,65825

6.2: PROVINCIAL SUPPORT FOR LIEUTENANT GOVERNORSThe greatest financial support for the

Lieutenant Governors is provided by theirrespective provincial governments. Asmentioned above, there is no uniformityto the provision and Surveying. Thegovernment departments that supportsthe Lieutenant Governor varies fromprovince to province; in some casesexpenditures are charged to variousdepartments as opposed to the Lieu -tenant Governor’s Office directly.

The table below attempts to createas uniform a picture as possible of Lieu -tenant Governor’s expenditures across thecountry based on the information available.

The most recent Public Accountsreadily accessible for all provinces arefor the 2014-2015 fiscal year. From thoseaccounts, when available, the followingexpenditures and their breakdownsare drawn:

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 13

TABLE: Lieutenant Governor’s Household Summary Official # of Staff Office atProvince Res. Rooms (Res./Off.) Legislature Cars

Newfoundland & Labrador Yes 19 11 No 2Prince Edward Island Yes 19 5 No 1Nova Scotia Yes 32 9 No 1New Brunswick Yes 16 3 No 1Quebec* No n/a 9 No 2Ontario No n/a 10 Yes 2Manitoba Yes 34 6 Yes 1Saskatchewan Yes 21 5 No 2Alberta** Yes 8 4 Yes 1British Columbia*** Yes 102 12 No 136

Newfoundland & LabradorSalaries $540,300Transportation and

Communications $9,000Supplies $30,500Purchased Services

$7,000Property, Furnishings

& Equipment $3,200Total26 $590,000

Prince Edward IslandAdministration $22,000Equipment $2,000Materials/Supply/

Services $107,400Salaries $359,200Travel & training $1,500Total27 $492,100

Nova ScotiaSalaries & Employee

Benefits $574,000Professional Services

$4,894Operating Costs $240,844Other $8,747Total28 $829,366

New BrunswickPersonal Services

$233,300Other Services $31,300Materials & Supplies

$7,500Property & Equipment

$3,200Contributions, Grants

& Subsidies $53,500Total29 $328,800

Quebec: Total30 $752,000

OntarioSalaries & wages

$839,540Employee benefits $94,601Transportation &

communication $33,919Services $202,763Supplies & equip. $81,020Other transactions

$155,800Total31 $1,407,643

ManitobaSalaries & Other Benefits

$250,000Office – Other Expenses

$102,000Total32 $352,000

SaskatchewanSalaries & Benefits

$437,000Goods & Services

$234,000Total33 $671,000

Alberta:Total34 $1,872,000

British columbiaSalaries & Benefits

$982,000Support & Services

$138,000Operations $150,000Major Asset

Maintenance $58,000Total35 $1,328,000

6.4: SUMMARY OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS’ EXPENSESFederal Assistance $2,206,658Provincial Assistance $8,622,909Total: $10,829,567Canadian Population: 35,851,774Per capita cost of the

Lieutenant Governors $0.30

Lieutenant Governors’ Officesserved Canada’s July 2015population of 35,851,774 at anoverall estimated cost of 30 centsper person, an increase of two centsover the previous Survey.38

6.3: PROV. EXPENDITURE IN SUPPORT OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS SUMMARYNewfoundland & Labrador: $590,000 –

$1.11 per personPrince Edward Island: $492,100 –

$3.35 per personNova Scotia: $829,366 – $0.87 per personNew Brunswick: $328,800 –

$0.43 per person.Quebec: $752,000 – $0.09 per person

Ontario: $1,407,643 – $0.10 per personManitoba: $352,000 – $0.27 per personSaskatchewan: $671,000 –

$0.59 per personAlberta: $1,872,000 – $0.44 per personBritish Columbia: $1,328,000 –

$0.28 per personTOTAL $8,659,336

NOTES*The Lieutenant Governor of Quebec has had noofficial residence since 1997, nor is there an office inthe Assemblée nationale du Québec. However, thereare offices located near the Assemblée on Rue desParlementaires for the Lieutenant Governor’s use.**While there is no official residence for the LieutenantGovernor, there is still an active Government Houseoverseen by the Government of Alberta which hostsa wide variety of Royal, vice regal, government, andstate functions, as well as public events.*** Government House, Victoria, does not onlyfurnish offices and accom moda tion for the LieutenantGovernor, but is used by the Government of theProvince for its own needs such as conference andentertain ment. Nor do the expenditure figures includethe full main tenance and repair budget for the groundsand building held by Shared Services BC as part ofgrouped building maintenance contracts.

14 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

8: OVERALL SUMMARYThe object of this Survey remains to provide in

one place a broadly-accurate accounting of thecosts associated with the Canadian Crown, theunderlying principle of constitutional governmentin this nation. A more exact calculation wouldprovide little additional information. As with manygovernment departments, changes in responsibilityand accounting practices result in someexpenditures becoming more or less accessible,or buried in budgets of various governmentdepartments and agencies, inconsistencies inrecord keeping and some costs tallied within overallbudgets rather than laid out in precise detail.

The Survey concludes by combining the figureswhich are available, including the costs of the Officeof the Governor General, of the Official Residencesof the Governor General, of the federal andprovincial expenditures on behalf of the LieutenantGovernors and the cost of Homecomings to Canadaby members of The Royal Family in order to findthe total cost of maintaining the Crown in Canada.The conclusions of this Survey’s five triennialpredecessors have never been challenged; so theLeague believes that this sixth edition continues toprovide broadly-accurate summary information.

Canada’s Crown servedthe nation’s July, 2015population of 35,851,774at an estimated annual costof $54,995,107, or $1.53per person.

The previous edition ofthis Survey concluded thatthe cost of the CanadianCrown in 2011-2012 was$56,878,538 or $1.63per person.

This Survey reveals anoverall reduction of roughly$0.10 per person from theprevious survey. Includingtotal inflation in this periodas estimated at 4.52% bythe Bank of Canada inflationcalculator, the real overallcosts of the Crown inCanada have declinedby over seven percent.

7: COMMISSIONERS OF THE CANADIAN TERRITORIESIt is important to note that while the Commission -

ers of the Territories perform a similar role to that ofa Lieutenant Governor, they are in fact representa -tives of the Canadian Government, and not of HerMajesty. As they do not fall under the category of

being Vice-Regal office holders, and they do not forma part of sovereign governments, they are not con -sidered a part of the overall cost of the Crown inCanada for the purposes of this Survey. This is not todeprecate in any way their splendid work and loyalty.

TABLE: Overall Spending on the CanadianCrown 2014-2015

Official Royal Homecoming(May 2014) $650,500

Official Royal Homecoming(November 2014) $128,000

Office of the Governor General $20,861,040NCC/Rideau Hall $6,740,000DPW/GSC/La Citadelle $730,000RCMP $6,590,000DND/Transportation &

Ceremonial Guard $6,810,000Global Affairs $1,160,000Canadian Heritage $30,000Canadian Secretary to the Queen $465,000Federal Expenses for the

Lieutenant Governors $2,206,658Provincial Expenses for the

Lieutenant Governors $8,622,909Total $54,995,107Canadian Population (July 2015) 35,851,774cost per canadian $1.53

The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016 – 15

8.1: COMPARISONSIt is interesting to compare the cost of

the Canadian Crown to those of supportingother national government institutions inthis country. It is also of some significance

to show costs incurred by the UK as wellhead of state expenditures of severalforeign constitutional monarchiesand republics.

8.1.1: NATIONAL COMPARISONSThe House of commons:The federal government’s 2014-2015Accounts show that the House ofcommons was allocated $421,827,802or $11.76 per canadian39

The Senate:The federal government’s 2014-2015Accounts show that the Senate wasallocated $85,402,391or $2.38 per canadian40

Library of Parliament:The federal government’s 2014-2015Accounts show that the Library ofParliament was provided $41,830,343or $1.16 per canadian41

canadian Broadcasting corporation:The federal government’s 2014-2015Accounts show that the canadianBroadcasting corporation was given$1,038,023,798 or $28.95 per canadian42

National Gallery of canada:The federal government’s 2014-2015Accounts show that the National Galleryof Canada was allocated $44,308,269or $1.23 per canadian43

National Battlefields commission:The federal government’s 2014-2015Accounts show that National BattlefieldsCommission received $12,097,378or $0.33 per canadian44

8.1.2: UK MONARCHY COMPARISONSIn the United Kingdom the 2014-2015

total Head of State Expenses as part ofthe Sovereign Grant were approximately£35.7 million pounds (C$61.5M), orC$0.94 per UK resident.

It should be noted that the abovefigure is measured differently fromprevious versions of this Survey as underThe Sovereign Grant Act 2011, which cameinto effect from Apri 1,l 2012, the fundingpreviously provided to support the officialduties of The Queen and maintain theOccupied Royal Palaces under the CivilList and the Grants-in-aid for the Main ten -ance of the Occupied Royal Palaces, RoyalTravel and Communications and Inform -ation were consolidated into one grant.

The Sovereign Grant is calculated basedon 15% of the revenue from the CrownEstate for the financial year two yearsprevious, the revenue of which is sur -rendered by the Queen to the Treasury.The Crown Estate surplus for the financialyear 2012-13 amounted to £252.6 millionthereby producing a Sovereign Grantof £37.9 million for 2014-15, £2.2 millionof which was transferred to theSovereign Grant Reserve, thusthe total of £35.7 million.

So the Queen in fact returned£216.9 million (C$373.7 million)to the Treasury or C$5.74 per UKresident, from the revenue surplusof the Crown Estate.45

8.1.3: FOREIGN MONARCHY COMPARISONSCosts associated with the Monarchy of

the Netherlands were estimated to beapproximately C53.3 million in 2015 orC$3.14 per person; those of the SpanishMonarchy are estimated to be approx -imately $13.2 million or C$0.28 per person;The Belgian Monarch receives approx -imately $C53.3M, or C$4.72 per person.

The cost of the Imperial Familyand Household of Japan for 2015 wasapproximately $73,189,631.87 or C$0.57per person. However, this does notinclude considerable security costsand other personal expenses of theEmperor and his family.46,47

8.1.4: FOREIGN REPUBLIC COMPARISONSThe 2014 budget for the operations of the

Elysee Palace in Paris was €100,000,000,or approximately C$2.20 per capita forthe 66.2 million population of France.48

The cost of the establishment of theTaoiseach of Ireland in 2016 was€3,900,000, or approximately C$1.22per capita for the 4.7 million of Ireland.49

16 – The Cost of Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy – Canadian Monarchist News – Autumn 2016

TABLE OF FOOTNOTES1 Statistics Canada; Table 051-0005 – Estimates of population, Canada, provincesand territories, quarterly (persons), Q3 July 1,2015 www.statcan.gc.ca2 Canadian Government website Monarchyand the Crown: canada.pch.gc.ca/ eng/1447172072670/1447172115365 Royal Tour2014 by Their Royal Highnesses the Princeof Wales and Duchess of Cornwall:canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1445001961379/1445001961381 Royal Tour 2014 by thePrincess Royal: canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1445001961374/14526926925533 Canadian Government website Monarchyand the Crown: canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/1447172072670/1447172115365 Past RoyalTours: canada.pch.gc.ca/eng/ 14450019613554 The Private Secretaries serving theGovernor General and Lieutenant Gover -nors were provided with a draft copy of thisSurvey, and asked to provide comment onand corrections to engagement numbers,expenses and other information in relationto their respective offices. The Leagueis particularly grateful for the importantcontribution of Rideau Hall in ensuring thatthe survey conveys accurate informationabout its many-faceted operations.Rideau Hall information provided by theOffice of the Governor General and viaGovernor General’s Annual Report 2014-2015, p.15: www.gg.ca/ document.aspx?id=242Lieutenant Governors’ informationderived as follows:Information for the Survey derived from thewebsites of the ten Lieutenant Governors.Also, information kindly provided by theOffices of the Lieutenant Governor ofNewfoundland and Labrador; the LieutenantGovernor of Nova Scotia; the LieutenantGovernor of Prince Edward Island;the Lieutenant Governor of Québec;the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba;the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan;the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta; theLieutenant Governor of British Columbia.Information on number of engagementsnot confirmed or updated by a vice-regaloffice is indicated in italics, and is anestimate based on its website and figures

from the previous edition of this survey.5 ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/two-day-visit-by-princess-anne-cost- canadians-1280006 Governor General’s Annual Survey 2012-2013 pp 8-97 Governor General’s Annual Survey 2013-2014 pp 8-98 Governor General’s Annual Survey 2014-2015 pp.8-99 Government of Canada 2014-2015 PublicAccounts Part II; Section 21, p 310 Ibid.11 Ibid.12 Ibid.13 Governor General’s Annual Survey 2014-2015 p 1614 Ibid.15 Ibid.16 Governor General’s Annual Survey 2014-2015 p 1717 Ibid.18 Ibid.19 Ibid.20 Ibid.21 Governor General’s Annual Survey 2013-2014; Governor General’s Annual Survey2012-2013;22 Privy Council Office Secretariat:www.pcobcpgc.ca/oicddc.asp?lang=eng &page =secretariats&dosearch=search+/ +list&p=72&viewattach=26927& blndisplayflg=123 Privy Council Office 2014-2015 Departmental Performance Survey:www.pcobcpgc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=publications&doc=dpr-rmr/20142015/supp/ann1-eng.htm24 Public Accounts of Canada 2014-2015;Section 5 p 2825 2006-2012 information from previouseditions of The Cost of the Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy; Public Accountsof Canada 2012-2013; Section 5, p 1126 Government of Newfoundland andLabrador Estimates 2015-2016, Section 2, p 327 Office of Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island XXX28 Government of Nova Scotia Estimatesand Supplementary Detail 2014-2015 Section 20, p 2529 Government of New Brunswick Public

Accounts, Vol 2, p 8530 Government of Quebec Public Accounts2014-2015 Vol. 2, p 11831 Government of Ontario Public Accounts2014-2015 Vol 1, Section 1, p 1732 Government of Manitoba Estimates of Expenditure and Revenue 2014-2015, p 7633 Government of Saskatchewan Public Accounts 2014-2015 Vol. 2, p 9234 Government of Alberta Executive CouncilAnnual Survey 2014-2015, p 2335 2014 Annual Survey of the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, p 2336: Household information from previous edition of The Cost of the Canada’s Constitutional Monarchy and Lieutenant Governors’ websites37 Population numbers are as of 1st July2015: Statistics Canada; Table 051-0001- Estimates of population, Canada, provincesand territories.38 Ibid.39 Public Accounts of Canada 2014-2015Vol. II Section 22, p 540 Ibid.41 Ibid.42 Public Accounts of Canada 2014-2015,Vol. II, Section 5, p 1843 Public Accounts of Canada 2014-2015,Vol. II, Section 5, p 2144 Public Accounts of Canada 2014-2015,Vol. II, Section 5, p 2345 Royal Financial Surveys 2014-2015:www.royal.uk/finance-Surveys-2014-15UK Population; Office of National Statistics Annual Mid-Year Population Estimates;46 What’s the cost of the most importantmonarchies and republics in Europe? HermanMatthijs, Jökull Journal, Vol. 65, No. 3; Populations of Netherlands; Spain Belgium:World Bank: data. world bank. org/indicator/SPPOPTOTL47 The Imperial Household Agency www.kunaicho.go.jp Population of Japan: WorldBank: data.worldbank.org/ indicator/SPPOPTOTL48 Les Décodeurs, Le Monde, 15.07.201549 www.budget.gov.ie/Budgets/2016/2016.aspx