The Mughal Era is a Historic Period of the Mughal Empire in South Asia

7/28/2019 The Mughal Era is a Historic Period of the Mughal Empire in South Asia

1/19

The Mughal era is a historic period of theMughal EmpireinSouth Asia

(mainly Northern India, North Eastern Pakistan andBangladesh) that

was ruled by members of theTimurid Dynasty. It ran from the early

15th century to the early 18th century when the Mughal emperors' power

dwindled. It ended in several generations of conflicts between rivalwarlords.

The imperial family descended from two of the world's greatest[tone]

conquerors:[1]

Genghis Khan, founder of thelargest contiguous empire

in the history of the world; and theAmir, Taimurlong orTamerlane the

Great. Due to descent from Genghis Khan, the family was called

Mughal, ormogul, thePersianizedversion of the former's clan name

Mongol. The English wordmogul(e.g. media mogul, business mogul),meaning influential or powerful, or a tycoon, was derived from the name

of this dynasty.[2]

From their descent from Tamerlane, also called the

Amir, the family used the title ofMirza, shortenedAmirzade, literally

meaning 'born of the Amir'.[3]

The burial places of the emperors illustrate

their expanding empire, as the first emperorBabur, born inUzbekistanis

buried inAfghanistan, his sons and grandsons, namelyAkbar the Great

andJahangirin India, Pakistan andBangladeshrespectively, and later

descendants,Shah JahanandAurangzebinHindustan. The last emperor,

Bahadur Shah Zafaris buried inBurma.

They were also a prominent influence of literature inUrdu,Hindi, and

Bengali. They have been continuously portrayed in many films, the most

famous of which, multi-million dollarMughal-e-Azamabout Emperor

Jahangir's love story; considered an Indian classic andepic filmand also

the Bollywood filmJodhaa Akbarabout EmperorAkbar's (Emperor

Jahangir's father) love story. Emperor Jahangir's son was the Prince

Khurramwho later went on to become EmperorShah Jahanand builtone of the seven Wonders of the World, the famousTaj Mahalto

memorialize his love for hiswife.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_empires#Contiguous_empireshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_empires#Contiguous_empireshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_empires#Contiguous_empireshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal-e-Azamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal-e-Azamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal-e-Azamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_filmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_filmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_filmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhaa_Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhaa_Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhaa_Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_Worldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhaa_Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_filmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal-e-Azamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_empires#Contiguous_empireshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurid_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire


2/19

Map

Contents

1 Mughal Empireo 1.1 Baburo 1.2 Humayuno 1.3 Akbaro 1.4 Jahangiro 1.5 Shah Jahano 1.6 Aurangzebo 1.7 Later Mughalso 1.8 List of Mughal Emperorso 1.9 Later Emperorso 1.10 Mughal family

2 Arrival of the Europeans 3 Marathas 4 Nizams of Hyderabad 5 Sikhs 6 Establishment of the Europeans

o 6.1 Economic competitiono 6.2 British influence

7 Successors
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Later_Mughalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Later_Mughalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#List_of_Mughal_Emperorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#List_of_Mughal_Emperorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Later_Emperorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Later_Emperorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Mughal_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Mughal_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Arrival_of_the_Europeanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Arrival_of_the_Europeanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Marathashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Marathashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Nizams_of_Hyderabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Nizams_of_Hyderabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Establishment_of_the_Europeanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Establishment_of_the_Europeanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Economic_competitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Economic_competitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#British_influencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#British_influencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Successorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Successorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_empire_large.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Successorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#British_influencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Economic_competitionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Establishment_of_the_Europeanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Nizams_of_Hyderabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Marathashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Arrival_of_the_Europeanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Mughal_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Later_Emperorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#List_of_Mughal_Emperorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Later_Mughalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Mughal_Empire


3/19

8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links

Mughal Empire

The Taj Mahal - the most famous structure in India built during Mughal

Era

Main article:Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire lasted for more than three centuries, and was one of

the largest centralized states in pre-modern history, as well as the

precursor to theBritish Raj.

The titles of the first of the six Mughal Emperors receive varying

degrees of prominence in present-day Pakistan and India. Some favour

Baburthe pioneer and others his great-grandson,Shah Jahan(r. 1628-

58), builder of theTaj Mahaland other magnificent buildings. The other

two prominent rulers wereAkbar(r. 1556-1605) andAurangzeb(r.

1658-1707). Both rulers expanded the empire greatly and were able

administrators. However, Akbar was known for his religious toleranceand administrative genius, whereas Aurangzeb was a just ruler but a

proselytizer of orthodox Islam across the heterodox Indian landscape.

Babur

Main article:Babur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#References


4/19

Babur was the first Mughal emperor. He was born on 14 Feb 1483 in

present dayUzbekistan, the eldest son ofAmir Umar Shaykh Mirza, the

son ofAb Sad Mirza(and grandson ofMiran Shah, who was himself

son ofTimur) and his wifeQutlugh Nigar Khanum, daughter of Younus

Khan, the ruler ofMoghulistan(and great-great grandson of AbhavhTimur, the son ofEsen Buqa II, who was the great-great-great grandson

ofChaghatai Khan, the second born son ofGenghis Khan). Babur was

known for his love of beauty in addition to his military ability. Babur

concentrated on gaining control of northwestern India. He was invited to

India byDaulat Khan LodiandRana Sangawho wanted to end theLodi

dynasty. He defeatedIbrahim Lodiin 1526 at theFirst battle of Panipat,

a town north ofDelhi. In 1527 hedefeatedRana Sanga, theRajputrulers

and their allies atKhanwa. Babur then turned to the tasks of persuadinghis Central Asian followers to stay on in India and of overcoming other

contenders for power, mainly theRajputsand theAfghans. He

succeeded in both tasks but died shortly thereafter on 25 December 1530inAgra. He was later buried inKabul.

Babur DefeatsSultan Ibrhm, the last of theLd Sultans of Delhi(page

from theBaburnama)

Further information:Baburnama

Babur kept the record of his life inChagatay Turkish, the spoken

language of theTimuridsand the wholeTurco-Mongolworld at the

time. TheBaburnamais one of the longest examples of sustained

narrative prose in Chagatai Turkish.Akbar's regent,Bairam Khan, a

Turcomanof easternAnatolianandAzerbaijaniorigin whose father and

grandfather had joined Babur's service, wrote poetry in Chaghatai and

Persian. His son, Abdul-Rahim Khankhanan, was fluent in Chaghatai,Hindustani, andPersianand composed in all three languages. Using

Babur's own text he translated theBaburnama into Persian. The

Chaghatai original was last seen in the imperial library sometimebetween 1628 and 1638 duringJahangir's reign.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Sheikh_Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Sheikh_Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Sheikh_Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_%28Timurid_dynasty%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_%28Timurid_dynasty%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_%28Timurid_dynasty%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miran_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miran_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miran_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutlugh_Nigar_Khanumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutlugh_Nigar_Khanumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutlugh_Nigar_Khanumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Buqa_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Buqa_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Buqa_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaghatai_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaghatai_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaghatai_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulat_Khan_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulat_Khan_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulat_Khan_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_Sangahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_Sangahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_Sangahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_battle_of_Panipathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_battle_of_Panipathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_battle_of_Panipathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuridshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuridshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuridshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco-Mongolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco-Mongolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco-Mongolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bairam_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bairam_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bairam_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bairam_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turco-Mongolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuridshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburnamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_battle_of_Panipathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_Sangahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulat_Khan_Lodihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaghatai_Khanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esen_Buqa_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutlugh_Nigar_Khanumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miran_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_%28Timurid_dynasty%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Sheikh_Mirzahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan


5/19

Humayun

Flight of Sultan Bahadur During Humayun's Campaign in Gujarat 1535Main article:Humayun

Baburs favorite sonHumayuntook the reins of the empire after his

father succumbed to disease at the young age of forty-seven. Humayun

lost control of his kingdom early on in his reign, but later withPersianaid, he would eventually regain an even larger one.

Further information:Sher Shah Suri

In 1539, seeking to expand his realm, thePashtungeneralSher Khan

met Humayun at the battle of Chausa; a town situated betweenVaranasi

andPatna. Humayun was defeated and barely escaped with his own life

and in the following year, 1540, his army of 40,000 was defeated by

Sher Khan's Afghan army of 15,000. A popular Pashtun general, Khulas

Khan Marwat, was leading Sher Khan's Army. This was the first

military venture of Khulas Khan Marwat and soon he would prove

nightmarish for the Mughals.

Further information:Suri Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flight_of_Sultan_Bahadur_During_Humayun's_Campaign_in_Gujarat_1535.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun


6/19

Sher Shah Suri

Sher Khan's Army, under the command of Khulas Khan Marwat, thenestablished a monarchy in Delhi with Sher Khan ruling under the title

Sher Shah Suri; he ruled from 1540 to 1545. Sher Shah Suri

consolidated his realmfromPunjabtoBengal(he was the first

conqueror to enter Bengal sinceAla-ud-din Khilji; more than two

centuries earlier). He is credited with having organized and administered

the government and military in such a manner that future Mughal kings

used it as their own models. He also added to the fort in Delhi (supposed

site ofIndraprastha), first started by Humayun, and now known as the

Purana Qila(Old Fort). TheMasjid Qila-i-Kuhnainside the fort is a

masterpiece of the period, though only parts of it have survived.

Sher Shah Suri died from a gunpowder explosion during the siege of

Kalinjar forton 22 May 1545 fighting against the Chandel Rajputs.[4][5]

His charred remains were interred in atombatSasaram(in present day

Bihar), midway between Varanasi andBodh Gaya. Although rarely

visited, future great Mughal builders such as Akbar, Jahangir and Shah

Jahan would emulate the architecture of this tomb. The massive palace-like mausoleum stands at 37 metres and three stories high.

[6]Sher Shahs

sonIslam Shahheld on to power until 1553 but following his death theSur dynasty lost most of its influence due to strife and famine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala-ud-din_Khiljihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala-ud-din_Khiljihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala-ud-din_Khiljihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indraprasthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indraprasthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qilahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qilahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qila,_Delhi#Qila-i-Kuhna_Mosquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qila,_Delhi#Qila-i-Kuhna_Mosquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qila,_Delhi#Qila-i-Kuhna_Mosquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinjar_forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinjar_forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasaramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasaramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasaramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodh_Gayahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodh_Gayahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodh_Gayahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodh_Gayahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasaramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_emperors#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinjar_forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qila,_Delhi#Qila-i-Kuhna_Mosquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Qilahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indraprasthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala-ud-din_Khiljihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri


7/19

Humayun was a keen astronomer. He died after falling down the stairs

of his own library in 1556. Thus Humayun ruled in India for barely ten

years and died at the age of forty-eight, leaving behind the then only

thirteen-year-old Akbar as his heir. As a tribute to his father, Akbar later

built atomb in Humayun's honourin Delhi (completed in 1571), fromred sandstone. Humayun's Tomb would become the precursor of future

Mughal architecture. Akbars mother and Humayuns wifeHamida

Banu Begumpersonally supervised the building of the tomb in his

birthplace.

Humayun's Tomb

Akbar

Akbarsucceeded his father,Humayunwhose rule was interrupted by the

AfghanSur Dynasty, which rebelled against him. It was only just before

his death that Humayun was able to regain the empire and leave it to his

son. In restoring and expanding Mughal rule, Akbar based his authority

on the ability and loyalty of his followers, irrespective of their religion.

In 1564 thejizyatax on non-Muslims was abolished, and bans on temple

building and Hindu pilgrimages were lifted.

Akbar's methods of administration reinforced his power against two

possible sources of challengethe Afghan-Turkish aristocracy and the

traditional interpreters of Islamic law, theulama. He created a ranked

imperial service based on ability rather than birth, whose members were
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Humayun,_Delhi.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tombhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun%27s_tomb


8/19

obliged to serve wherever required. They were remunerated with cash

rather than land and were kept away from their inherited estates, thus

centralizing the imperial power base and assuring its supremacy. The

military and political functions of the imperial service were separate

from those of revenue collection, which was supervised by the imperialtreasury. This system of administration, known as themansabdari, was

based on loyal service and cash payments and was the backbone of the

Mughal Empire; its effectiveness depended on personal loyalty to the

emperor and his ability and willingness to choose, remunerate, andsupervise.

Akbar declared himself the final arbiter in all disputes of law derived

from theQur'anand the sharia. He backed his religious authorityprimarily with his authority in the state. In 1580 he also initiated a

syncretic court religion called theDin-i-Ilahi(Divine Faith). In theory,

the new faith was compatible with any other, provided that the devotee

was loyal to the emperor. In practice, however, its ritual and content

profoundly offended orthodox Muslims. The ulemafound their influence

undermined.

Several well known heritage sites were built during the reign of Akbar.

The fort city ofFatehpur Sikriwas used as the political capital of theEmpire from 1571 to 1578. Thenumerous palacesand thegrand

entranceswith intricate art work have been recognized as aworld

heritage siteby UNESCO. Akbar also began construction ofhis own

tombatSikandranearAgrain 1600 CE.

Jahangir

Mughal EmperorJahangirreceiving his two sons, in 1605-06

Prince Salim (b. 1569 son of aHindu Rajput princessfromAmber), who

would later be known as EmperorJahangirshowed signs of restlessness

towards the end of the long reign of his father Akbar. During the

absence of his father from Agra he pronounced himself king and turned

rebellious. Akbar, however, was able to wrestle the throne back.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansabdarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansabdarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansabdarihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27anhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27anhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27anhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din-i-Ilahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din-i-Ilahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din-i-Ilahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri#Important_buildingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri#Important_buildingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri#Important_buildingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buland_Darwazahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buland_Darwazahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buland_Darwazahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buland_Darwazahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber,_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber,_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber,_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber,_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makanihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Greathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_sitehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buland_Darwazahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buland_Darwazahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri#Important_buildingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikrihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din-i-Ilahihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27anhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansabdari


9/19

Due to the early deaths of his two brothers, Murad and Daniyal from

alcoholism, Salim had no reason to concern himself about his siblings'

aspirations to the throne.

Jahangir finally began his era as Mughal emperor after the death ofAkbar in the year 1605. He considered his third sonPrince Khurram(the

future Shah Jahan, born 1592 to Hindu Rajput princess Manmati), his

favourite. In 1615, a standoff between Prince Khurram and The Rana of

Mewarresulted in a treaty acceptable to both parties. Khurram was also

kept busy with several campaigns in Bengal and Kashmir. Jahangir

claimed Khurram's victories of this period as his own.

Shah Jahan

TheTaj Mahal, named for Arjumand Banu, who was called Mumtaz

Mahal, became one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

The greatJama Masjidbuilt by him was the largest in India at the time.

He renamed Delhi after himself as Shahjahanabad. The Red Fort made

of red sandstone built during his reign near Jama Masjid around the

same time came to be regarded as the seat of power of India itself. The

Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the ramparts of thisfort on Independence day even to this age.Shah Jahan also built or

renovated forts in Delhi and in Agra. White marble chambers that served

as living quarters and other halls for public audiences are examples of

classic Mughal architecture. Here in Agra fort, Shah Jahan would spend

eight of his last years as a prisoner of his son, Aurangzeb shuffling

between the hallways of the palace, squinting at the distant silhouette ofhis famous Taj Mahal on the banks of River Jamuna..
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Khurramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Khurramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Khurramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Khurram


10/19

Aurangzeb

Aurangzeb, who was given the title "Alamgir" or "world-seizer," by his

father, is known for expanding the empire's frontiers and for his

acceptance of Islam law. During his reign, the Mughal empire reachedits greatest extent (theBijapurandGolcondaSultanates which had beenreduced to vassalage byShah Jahanwere formally annexed).

In 1679, Aurangzeb enforced thejizyahtax on Non-Muslims likeZakt

tax was enforced on Muslims. This action by the emperor, incited

rebellion among Hindus and others in many parts of the empire notably

theJats,Sikhs, andRajputsforces in the north andMarathaforces in the

Deccan. The emperor managed to crush the rebellions in the north.

Aurangzeb was compelled to move his headquarters toAurangabadin

the Deccan to mount a costly campaign against Maratha guerrilla

fighters led byShivajiand his successors, which lasted twenty-six years

until he died in 1707 at the age of eighty-nine.

Aurangzeb, as is his father before him, is remembered as a builder-

emperor. TheBadshahi Masjid(Imperial Mosque) in Lahore was

constructed in 1673 on his orders. It was not only the largest mosque

ever built by a Mughal emperor but was at that point the largest mosquein the world. He also constructed theAlamgiri Gateof theLahore Fort,

which is today a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Moti Masjid inside

Delhi'sRed Fortwas also finalized by him. He is also known for his

fanatic view of Islam, due to which he razed many Hindu Temples. The

Kashi Vishwanath Templeof Kashi/Varanasi,Kesava Deo Templeof

Mathura were some of the most famous temples he raze. He was of the

view that royal treasury does not belong to king but common man. He

did not use any of the royal treasury for him and his family. In fact, he

used to write holy qur'an and earn money and his wife used to weavecaps and copies of the holy quran to support his earnings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golcondahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golcondahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golcondahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jat_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jat_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jat_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad,_Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad,_Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad,_Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivajihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivajihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivajihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badshahi_Masjidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badshahi_Masjidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badshahi_Masjidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgiri_Gatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgiri_Gatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgiri_Gatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesava_Deo_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesava_Deo_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesava_Deo_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesava_Deo_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Forthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgiri_Gatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badshahi_Masjidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivajihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangabad,_Maharashtrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jat_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C4%81thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizyahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golcondahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate


11/19

Later Mughals

Mughal emperorFarrukhsiyar

When Aurangzeb died close to the age of eighty, there were seventeen

legitimate claimants to the throne that included not only his sons but also

his grandsons and great grandsons. After the death of the emperor two

brothers fought near Agra in the same battle site that Aurangzeb had

fought his brother Dara Shikoh. Prince Muazzam prevailed and killedhis brother Prince Azam Shah and assumed the titleBahadur Shah Ior

Shah Alam I.

After the death ofBahadur Shah I, a civil war broke out.Jahandar

Shah,a son ofBahadur Shah I, emerged victorious in it with the support

of Zulfiqar Khan who was the most powerful noble of the time. In

Deccan Saiyid Husain Ali Khan colluded with the Marathas and

attacked Delhi and using trickery and intrigue seized Farrukhsiyar in theRed Fort[citation needed]

. The emperor was blinded and caged and later

poisoned as well as stabbed to death[citation needed]

. However, prior to his

death,Farrukhsiyarhad the dubious distinction of aiding the British to

have a firm foothold in India, by signing the much-coveted farman an

imperial directive that would seal the future of British takeover of India.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_emperor_farrukhsiyar16_hi.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyar


12/19

Marathas were now constantly attacking Delhi. Of more consequence

and humiliation was the plunder of Delhi by Nadir Shah. A Timur

descendent, Nadir Shah usurped the throne in Persia and seized

KandaharandKabul. He marched through Panjab and was invited by

Muhammad Shahas a guest to Delhi (only because he had neither thewill nor the resources to fight him). Within forty-eight hours, using a

lame excuse, Nadir Shah ordered a general massacre of Delhi citizens

and looted every bit of wealth they could extort out of the royalty as well

as Delhis citizenry. Nadir Shah remained in Delhi for forty eight days

and departed with millions worth of gold, jewelry and coins. Even the

emperors bejeweled peacock throne made during Shah Jahan's reign

was packed on elephants and carried away to Persia. Another prize, the

Koh-I-nurdiamond (Humayuns diamond) now passed into Persianhands. Later an Afghani, Ahmad Shah Abdali started his incursions into

Delhijust for the purpose of looting the capital. In a series of attacks

starting in 1748 until 1761, Abdali would not only pillage and loot

Delhi, he also cleaned out Mathura,Kashmirand cities in Panjab. From

the east the British defeated the Nawab ofBengaland occupied the state

of Bengal.

Two Mughal Emperors and Shah Alam Racinet, c. 1876

The raids by Nadir Shah and repeated incursions of Abdali resulted in

quick disposal of the next two emperorsAhmad ShahandAlamgir II

until in 1759Shah Alam IIascended the throne. His reign would last

several decades. However, he would preside over more loss of territory

to the British. When the Nawab of Bengal lost toRobert Clive, Shah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandaharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandaharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh-I-nurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh-I-nurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_Mughal_Emperors_and_Shah_Alam_c._1876.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh-I-nurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabulhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar


13/19

Alam II was forced to recognize Clive as a diwan (chancellor) andBengal slipped to the British hands permanently.

In 1806 Shah Alams sonAkbar Shah IIacceded to the much diminished

empire of the Mughals and ruled until 1837.He gave the title "raja" toRam mohan roy. His sonBahadur Shah Zafarwould be the last emperor

of Mughals before the British deposed him in 1858 and the Mughal

dynasty would officially come to an end. During theIndian Rebellion of

1857, Bahadur Shah II was forced to take the side of the mutineers

though he had no power to affect the outcome of the events. The

mutineers had outwitted his British sponsors and now the emperor

neither had the troops nor the competence. He had no choice but to join

the winning side. However, the success of the mutineers was soonreversed and the octogenarian (he was eighty-two years old) was

relieved of his empire and deposed in 1858. The emperor was thenexiled to Rangoon in Burma where he died in obscurity in 1862.

List of Mughal Emperors

PortraitTitular

NameBirth Name Birth Reign Death

BburZahir-ud-din

Muhammad

23

February

[O.S. 14

February]

1483

30 April

152626

December

1530

5 January[O.S. 26

December

1530]

1531 (age

47)

Humayun

Nasir-ud-din

Muhammad

Humayun17 March

1508

26

December

153017

May 1540

27

January

1556 (age

47)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Babur.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Babur.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baburhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Shah_II


14/19

Sher

Shah

SuriFarid Khan

14861540

1545

22 May

1545

Islam

Shah

SuriJalal Khan

?1545

1554

22

November

1554

Humayun

Nasir-ud-din

MuhammadHumayun

17 March1508

22

February155527

January

1556 )

27

January1556 (age

47)

Akbar-e-

Azam

Jalal-ud-din

Muhammad

Akbar

14

October

1542

27

January

155627

October

1605

27

October

1605

(aged 63)

Jahangir

Nur-ud-din

Muhammad

Salim

20

September

1569

15

October

16058

November

1627

8

November

1627

(aged 58)

Shah-

Jahan-e-

Azam

Shahab-ud-din

Muhammad

Khurram

5 January

1592

8

November

16272August

1658

22

January

1666

(aged 74)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shahjahan_on_globe,_mid_17th_century.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potrait_of_Akbar_by_Manohar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shahjahan_on_globe,_mid_17th_century.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potrait_of_Akbar_by_Manohar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shahjahan_on_globe,_mid_17th_century.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potrait_of_Akbar_by_Manohar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shahjahan_on_globe,_mid_17th_century.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potrait_of_Akbar_by_Manohar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shahjahan_on_globe,_mid_17th_century.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahangircrop.jpeghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potrait_of_Akbar_by_Manohar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Humayun.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shershah.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahangirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayunhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Shah_Surihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri


15/19

Alamgir

Muhy-ud-din

Muhammad

Aurangzeb

4

November

1618

31 July

16583

March

1707

3 March

1707

(aged 88)

Silver Rows signify the brief interregnum during which theSuriDynastyruled Northern India.

Later Emperors

PortraitTitular

Name

Birth

NameBirth Reign Death Notes

Bahadur

Shah

Qutb ud-

Din

Muhamma

d

Mu'azzam

14

October

1643

19 June

1707

27

February

1712

(4 years,253

days)

27

February

1712

(aged

68)

He made

settlements

with the

Marathas,

tranquilize

d the

Rajputs,

and

becamefriendly

with the

Sikhs in

the Punjab.

Jahandar

Shah

Ma'az-ud-

DinJahandar

Shah

Bahadur

9 May

1661

27

February

1712

11February

1713

(0 years,

350

12

February1713

(aged

51)

Highly

influenced

by hisGrand

Vizier

Zulfikar

Khan.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahandar_Shah,_Mughal_Emperor..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shah_Alam_Bahadur_(Bahadur_Shah_I_1707-1712).jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahandar_Shah,_Mughal_Emperor..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shah_Alam_Bahadur_(Bahadur_Shah_I_1707-1712).jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jahandar_Shah,_Mughal_Emperor..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shah_Alam_Bahadur_(Bahadur_Shah_I_1707-1712).jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahandar_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb


16/19

days)

Farrukhsiy

ar

Farrukhsiy

ar

20

August

1685

11

January

1713

28

February

1719

(6 years,

48 days)

29 April

1719

(aged

33)

Granted a

firmanto

theEnglish

East India

Company

in 1717

granting

them duty-

free trading

rights for

Bengal,

confirmingtheir

position in

India.

Rafi-ul

Darjat

Rafi-ul

Darjat

30

Novemb

er 1699

28

February

6 June

1719

(0 years,

98 days)

9 June

1719

(aged

19)

Rise of

Syed

Brothers

power as

kingmakers.

Shah Jahan

II

Rafi ud-

Daulah

June

1696

6 June

1719

19

Septemb

er 1719

(0 years,105

days)

19

Septemb

er 1719

(aged

23)

----

Neku SiyarNikusiyar

Mohamme1679 1719

12 April

1723----
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_emperor_farrukhsiyar16_hi.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firman_%28decree%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firman_%28decree%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi-ul_Darjathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi-ul_Darjathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi-ul_Darjathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rafi'_al-Daula_Rafi'_al-Shan_Padshah_ibn_Bahadur_Padshah,.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_ud-Daulahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_ud-Daulahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_ud-Daulahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_ud-Daulahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rafi'_al-Daula_Rafi'_al-Shan_Padshah_ibn_Bahadur_Padshah,.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Rafi_Uddar_Jat.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_emperor_farrukhsiyar16_hi.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rafi'_al-Daula_Rafi'_al-Shan_Padshah_ibn_Bahadur_Padshah,.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Rafi_Uddar_Jat.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_emperor_farrukhsiyar16_hi.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rafi'_al-Daula_Rafi'_al-Shan_Padshah_ibn_Bahadur_Padshah,.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Rafi_Uddar_Jat.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mughal_emperor_farrukhsiyar16_hi.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_ud-Daulahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_ud-Daulahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi-ul_Darjathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi-ul_Darjathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_East_India_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firman_%28decree%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farrukhsiyar


17/19

d (aged

43)

Mohammed Ibrahim

Mohammed Ibrahim

9

August

1703

1720

31

January

1746

(aged

42)

----

Muhamma

d Shah

Roshan

AkhtarBahadur

17

August1702

27

Septemb

er 1719

26

April

1748

(28

years,

212

days)

26 April

1748

(aged

45)

Got rid of

theSyed

Brothers.

Fought a

long war

with theMaratha

Empire,

losing

Deccan

andMalwa

in the

process.

Sufferedthe

invasion of

Nadir Shah

of Persia in

1739. He

was the

last Mighal

Emperor topossess

effective

control

over the

empire.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ibrahim_%2813th_Mughal_emperor%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ibrahim_%2813th_Mughal_emperor%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadir_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadir_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_Sh%C3%A1h.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_%CA%BFIbr%C3%A1h%C3%ADm..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_Sh%C3%A1h.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_%CA%BFIbr%C3%A1h%C3%ADm..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadir_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shahhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ibrahim_%2813th_Mughal_emperor%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ibrahim_%2813th_Mughal_emperor%29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikusiyar


18/19

Ahmad

ShahBahadur

Ahmad

ShahBahadur

23

December 1725

26 April

1748- 2

June

1754

(6 years,

37 days)

1

January

1775(aged

49)

Mughal

forces

massacred

by the

Marathaduring the

Battle of

Sikandarab

ad

Alamgir IIAziz-ud-

din

6 June

1699

2 June

1754

29

November 1759

(5 years,

180

days)

29

November 1759

(aged

60)

Dominatio

n ofVizier

Imad-ul-

Mulk

Shah Jahan

III

Muhi-ul-

millat

10

Decemb

er 1759

10

October

1760

1772

consolidati

on of the

Nizam ofBengal,

Bihar, and

Odisha,

during the

Battle of

Buxar.

Hyder Ali

becomes

Nawabof

Mysorein

1761;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:This_painting_depicts_Ahmad_Shah_(1748-54)..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Emperor_Alamgir_II_-_Sukha_Luhar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_ud-Din_Khan_Feroze_Jung_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_ud-Din_Khan_Feroze_Jung_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_ud-Din_Khan_Feroze_Jung_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buxarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buxarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buxarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyder_Alihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyder_Alihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Emperor_Alamgir_II_-_Sukha_Luhar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:This_painting_depicts_Ahmad_Shah_(1748-54)..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Emperor_Alamgir_II_-_Sukha_Luhar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:This_painting_depicts_Ahmad_Shah_(1748-54)..jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyder_Alihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buxarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buxarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahan_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_ud-Din_Khan_Feroze_Jung_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_ud-Din_Khan_Feroze_Jung_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamgir_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sikandarabadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Bahadur


19/19

Date post:	03-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	vignesh-sjs
View:	222 times
Download:	0 times

The Mughal Era is a Historic Period of the Mughal Empire in South Asia

Documents