The Muscular and The Muscular and Skeletal Systems…Skeletal Systems…

Mr. P. LeightonMr. P. Leighton

GCSE THEORYGCSE THEORY

In Todays’ Lesson…In Todays’ Lesson…

All of you: will understand the key All of you: will understand the key terms and needs of the muscular terms and needs of the muscular system including how muscles work system including how muscles work in pairs, how they contract, when in pairs, how they contract, when they get bigger and when they waste they get bigger and when they waste due to injury.due to injury.

Will also understand the basics of the Will also understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and skeletal system- what it does and how.how.

Most of you…Most of you…

Will cover the role of the muscular Will cover the role of the muscular system quickly.system quickly.

Will understand the basics of the Will understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and skeletal system- what it does and how whilst also beginning to how whilst also beginning to understand how bones meet at understand how bones meet at joints.joints.

Some of you…Some of you…

Will cover the role of the muscular Will cover the role of the muscular system quickly.system quickly.

Will understand the basics of the Will understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how skeletal system- what it does and how whilst also beginning to understand whilst also beginning to understand how bones meet at joints.how bones meet at joints.

Will cover the H/W activity in lesson to Will cover the H/W activity in lesson to allow you to cover more in your allow you to cover more in your revision.revision.

The Muscular System…The Muscular System… We briefly covered this before Easter We briefly covered this before Easter

(post it note activity)(post it note activity) For your exam you need to For your exam you need to

understand…understand…– How to spell the particular muscles: not How to spell the particular muscles: not

abbreviated i.e. pectorals not pecs.abbreviated i.e. pectorals not pecs.– What movement it produces.What movement it produces.– How the muscles work in pairs (this will How the muscles work in pairs (this will

either be the biceps and triceps or either be the biceps and triceps or quadriceps and hamstrings)quadriceps and hamstrings)

– Look at page 142 in the book- fill in the Look at page 142 in the book- fill in the worksheet I have provided with the worksheet I have provided with the terms…terms…

MuscleMuscle ProducesProduces ExampleExampleDeltoidDeltoid Abducts the upper armAbducts the upper arm

TrapeziusTrapezius Rotates the shoulder Rotates the shoulder backback

Lattisimus DorsiLattisimus Dorsi Rotates the arm at Rotates the arm at shouldershoulder

PectoralsPectorals Adduction of armAdduction of arm

AbdominalsAbdominals Flexion and rotation of Flexion and rotation of trunktrunk

BicepsBiceps Flexion at elbowFlexion at elbow

TricepsTriceps Extension at elbowExtension at elbow

GlutealsGluteals Extension of legExtension of leg

QuadricepsQuadriceps Extension of leg at the Extension of leg at the kneeknee

HamstringsHamstrings Flexion of leg at the Flexion of leg at the kneeknee

GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius Plantarflexion of the footPlantarflexion of the foot

How do muscles work?How do muscles work?

Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS…PAIRS…

As the Bicep (Agonist) contracts As the Bicep (Agonist) contracts the Triceps relax (Antagonist)the Triceps relax (Antagonist)

Muscles work by contracting as we Muscles work by contracting as we know…know…

ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS: ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS: Working movements where Working movements where muscles move.muscles move.

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS: ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS: Where muscles work by staying Where muscles work by staying still i.e.?still i.e.?

Muscular Hypertrophy…Muscular Hypertrophy…

This occurs when using This occurs when using which training principle?which training principle?

A: Progressive OverloadA: Progressive Overload We know that when We know that when

muscles work they muscles work they become damaged on a become damaged on a micro level.micro level.

This is why rest and This is why rest and recovery are so recovery are so important.important.

Muscular Atrophy…Muscular Atrophy…

Stopping strength Stopping strength training suddenly training suddenly (illness or injury) (illness or injury) can result in the can result in the loss of size or loss of size or strength.strength.

This is why players This is why players don’t usually return don’t usually return straight back to straight back to action after injury.action after injury.

The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

206 Bones make up the Human Body.206 Bones make up the Human Body. But what are the main jobs of these bones?But what are the main jobs of these bones?

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT Where bones meet they form Where bones meet they form

________ .________ . The bones act as ________ .The bones act as ________ . _________ attach muscles to bones _________ attach muscles to bones

enabling both fine and gross enabling both fine and gross movements such as…movements such as…

SUPPORTSUPPORT The skeleton supports the body in a The skeleton supports the body in a

variety of positions.variety of positions. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

The support of the skeleton also The support of the skeleton also affects _____________ and B______ affects _____________ and B______ C_________ .C_________ .

ProtectionProtection Which organs or structures do the Which organs or structures do the

following protect?following protect?

A: _______A: _______

B:___________B:___________

C:____________C:____________

H/W task…H/W task… This can be done in class with a book or This can be done in class with a book or

by using the internet at home.by using the internet at home. Pg 154-155 has all the information on Pg 154-155 has all the information on

this.this. I would like you to make notes on the I would like you to make notes on the

TWO most important joints in the body: TWO most important joints in the body: HINGE and BALL and SOCKET joints.HINGE and BALL and SOCKET joints.

These are the ONLY joints you need to These are the ONLY joints you need to know for the exam.know for the exam.

Diagrams are good to help you Diagrams are good to help you remember.remember.