The Music LibraryThe Music Library

• Copyright lawCopyright law..• The Copyright Law, enacted in The Copyright Law, enacted in

1976 and put into effect in 1978, 1976 and put into effect in 1978, was to encourage creative was to encourage creative members of our society to members of our society to produce by assuring them that produce by assuring them that the results of their creativity the results of their creativity would be protected within the would be protected within the legal limits of the law.legal limits of the law.

Copyright LawCopyright Law

• Copyright law Cont…Copyright law Cont…• The 1976 law was the 1The 1976 law was the 1stst

attempt in history to reconcile attempt in history to reconcile the interests of copyright owners the interests of copyright owners wit the legitimate use of wit the legitimate use of copyrighted material be copyrighted material be nonprofit educational institutions nonprofit educational institutions and indicated that such use and indicated that such use should be considered “fair use”. should be considered “fair use”.

Copyright LawCopyright Law

• Copyright law Cont…Copyright law Cont…• In determining Fair Use of In determining Fair Use of

materials under copyright, four materials under copyright, four criteria established by previous criteria established by previous court action were included in the court action were included in the 1976 law1976 law

Copyright LawCopyright Law

• Copyright law Cont…Copyright law Cont…• 1. The purpose and character of the use, 1. The purpose and character of the use,

whether such use is of a commercial nature whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit education purposes.or is for nonprofit education purposes.

• 2. The nature of the copyrighted work.2. The nature of the copyrighted work.• 3. The amount and substantiality of the 3. The amount and substantiality of the

portion used in relation to the work as a portion used in relation to the work as a wholewhole

• 4. The effect of the use upon the potential 4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted market for or value of the copyrighted work.work.

Copyright LawCopyright Law

• Copyright law Cont… Fair Use ExamplesCopyright law Cont… Fair Use Examples• SpontaneitySpontaneity – Distributing a work from – Distributing a work from

their music library and suddenly realizing their music library and suddenly realizing that one of the 2that one of the 2ndnd flute parts is missing. flute parts is missing.

Reproducing a copy of an existing part can Reproducing a copy of an existing part can be considered fair use providing the be considered fair use providing the director orders a replacement copy from director orders a replacement copy from the publisher within a reasonable time the publisher within a reasonable time period.period.

Copyright LawCopyright Law

• Copyright law Cont… Fair Use ExamplesCopyright law Cont… Fair Use Examples• BrevityBrevity – Congress never intended that it – Congress never intended that it

be legal to mass copy complete musical be legal to mass copy complete musical works.works.

Using brief excerpts to establish a point in Using brief excerpts to establish a point in an educational setting can be considered an educational setting can be considered fair use. fair use.

• Making multiple copies of ten percent of a Making multiple copies of ten percent of a performable unit is acceptable, while copying performable unit is acceptable, while copying the entire movement is prohibited.the entire movement is prohibited.

Copyright LawCopyright Law

• Copyright law Cont… Fair Use Copyright law Cont… Fair Use ExamplesExamples

• Cumulative effectCumulative effect – Closely related – Closely related to brevity. Reproducing several to brevity. Reproducing several sections of a piece of copyrighted sections of a piece of copyrighted music cannot be considered fair use. music cannot be considered fair use. Legislative reports clearly state that Legislative reports clearly state that anthologies are not fair use, and in anthologies are not fair use, and in such cases permission must be such cases permission must be secured from the copyright holder.secured from the copyright holder.

The Need for a Music LibraryThe Need for a Music Library

• Need for a Music LibraryNeed for a Music Library• A large percentage of the music educators A large percentage of the music educators

annual budget is spent on music or some annual budget is spent on music or some type of instructional aids.type of instructional aids.

• In situations where music is poorly stored In situations where music is poorly stored and organized, teacher efficiency is and organized, teacher efficiency is severely reduced and the possibility that severely reduced and the possibility that music will be lost, damaged, or destroyed is music will be lost, damaged, or destroyed is increased.increased.

Two Music-Library ConceptsTwo Music-Library Concepts

• Central Music LibraryCentral Music Library• Large School Districts with multiple high schools and Large School Districts with multiple high schools and

junior high’s often combine resources into a single junior high’s often combine resources into a single central music-library system. central music-library system.

• This type of system is cost effective for the schoolThis type of system is cost effective for the school

• Provides a wider diversity of materials available to Provides a wider diversity of materials available to the music educatorthe music educator

• Not time effective for the teachers. They must plan Not time effective for the teachers. They must plan far in advance for the materials and music they may far in advance for the materials and music they may want to use in their classes and rehearsals.want to use in their classes and rehearsals.

Two Music-Library ConceptsTwo Music-Library Concepts

• Single Music LibrarySingle Music Library• This type of system is nearly always found in small This type of system is nearly always found in small

schools and many larger schools as well.schools and many larger schools as well.

• In a single music library, all the instrumental and In a single music library, all the instrumental and choral music and other instructional aids are found choral music and other instructional aids are found within the walls of that particular schools.within the walls of that particular schools.

• Materials are divided up into Orchestra, Band Choir, Materials are divided up into Orchestra, Band Choir, etc (Marching band, Jazz Band , Show Choir)etc (Marching band, Jazz Band , Show Choir)

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Storage of MusicStorage of Music• File cabinets provide the best protection for File cabinets provide the best protection for

the music. the music.

• Open shelves are less expensive and are Open shelves are less expensive and are more efficient from the standpoint of spacemore efficient from the standpoint of space

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Storage of Music Cont…Storage of Music Cont…• If instrumental and choral music is stored on If instrumental and choral music is stored on

shelves, it should be placed in storage boxes.shelves, it should be placed in storage boxes.• Boxes on open shelves protect the music to a higher Boxes on open shelves protect the music to a higher

degree than envelopesdegree than envelopes• Boxes give the music storage area a neat and Boxes give the music storage area a neat and

organized appearance.organized appearance.

• If stored in file cabinets, envelopes or file folders If stored in file cabinets, envelopes or file folders should be used. should be used. • Boxes in the file cabinets waste spaceBoxes in the file cabinets waste space

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Storage of Music Cont…Storage of Music Cont…• If stored in file cabinets, envelopes or file If stored in file cabinets, envelopes or file

folders should be used. folders should be used. • Boxes in the file cabinets waste spaceBoxes in the file cabinets waste space

• Music stored on Shelves should be place in Music stored on Shelves should be place in a vertical position rather than being a vertical position rather than being stackedstacked• Easy AccessEasy Access

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Music Filing SystemMusic Filing System• There are four filing systems, plus There are four filing systems, plus

variations of each, that are being used in variations of each, that are being used in public-school and college music libraries public-school and college music libraries today.today.• Alphabetical by titleAlphabetical by title• Alphabetical by composerAlphabetical by composer• Consecutive-number systemConsecutive-number system• Letter-number systemLetter-number system

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Music Filing System Cont.Music Filing System Cont.• Alphabetical by title Alphabetical by title

• Most prevalent method of filing.Most prevalent method of filing.• The principal disadvantage of this system is that The principal disadvantage of this system is that

music must be repeated shifted when new music must be repeated shifted when new works are added.works are added.

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Music Filing System Cont.Music Filing System Cont.• Alphabetical by ComposerAlphabetical by Composer

• This is rarely found in public school or college This is rarely found in public school or college libraries. libraries.

• Was sparked by the desire to have the Was sparked by the desire to have the masterworks of great composers close together.masterworks of great composers close together.

• Not the most effective way of organizing the Not the most effective way of organizing the library.library.

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Music Filing System Cont.Music Filing System Cont.• Consecutive-number systemConsecutive-number system

• This is an accrual filing system and is simple to This is an accrual filing system and is simple to initiate and maintain. initiate and maintain.

• New music is assigned a consecutive number in New music is assigned a consecutive number in the order it is purchased.the order it is purchased.

• The greatest advantage is that no shifting of The greatest advantage is that no shifting of music has to occur. music has to occur.

• A disadvantage is that a card file (electronic A disadvantage is that a card file (electronic system) is an absolute mustsystem) is an absolute must

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Music Filing System Cont.Music Filing System Cont.• Letter-Number systemLetter-Number system

• Perhaps the most successful and popular version Perhaps the most successful and popular version of the consecutive number system. of the consecutive number system.

• Ex: A3-22bEx: A3-22b• The capital letter indicates the file cabinet, the The capital letter indicates the file cabinet, the

number is the file cabinet, the number after the number is the file cabinet, the number after the hypen is the placement in the drawer, and the hypen is the placement in the drawer, and the small letter denotes classification.small letter denotes classification.

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Music Filing System Cont.Music Filing System Cont.• Letter-Number system Cont…Letter-Number system Cont…

• This system demands a title card file as well as This system demands a title card file as well as a composer card file.a composer card file.

• This can easily be done in an excel file where This can easily be done in an excel file where you can sort the database by any parameter you can sort the database by any parameter that you have setup.that you have setup.

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• Processing New MusicProcessing New Music• Prior to placing music in the hand, it should Prior to placing music in the hand, it should

be cataloged by the music librarian. be cataloged by the music librarian. • This process includes stamping each piece This process includes stamping each piece

of music. of music. • File index cards must be prepared prior to File index cards must be prepared prior to

the distribution of new music.the distribution of new music.

Organizing the Music LibraryOrganizing the Music Library

• File index cards File index cards • This style is still around in many schools.This style is still around in many schools.• Today this information can be collected on Today this information can be collected on

these cards, but should be stored online. these cards, but should be stored online. • Less storage space for all of the cards and more Less storage space for all of the cards and more

efficient.efficient.

Music-Library EquipmentMusic-Library Equipment

• Sorting RackSorting Rack• No instrumental music library should be No instrumental music library should be

without a sorting rack that allows for without a sorting rack that allows for orderly dispersion of music from and orderly dispersion of music from and subsequent return to the music storage subsequent return to the music storage area.area.

• This will help to stop wasting time This will help to stop wasting time arranging instrumental music into score arranging instrumental music into score order.order.

Music-Library EquipmentMusic-Library Equipment

• Folio CabinetsFolio Cabinets• Provide the most efficient means available Provide the most efficient means available

for the daily dispersal and collection of for the daily dispersal and collection of musicmusic

• Commercially manufactured cabinets, Commercially manufactured cabinets, finished in bright colors, contribute to the finished in bright colors, contribute to the total positive environment of a rehearsal total positive environment of a rehearsal room.room.

Music-Library EquipmentMusic-Library Equipment

• Music StorageMusic Storage• If the school district has difficulty in getting If the school district has difficulty in getting

the director steel filing cabinets, then the the director steel filing cabinets, then the construction of shelving combined with construction of shelving combined with cardboard storage boxes is a most viable, if cardboard storage boxes is a most viable, if not superior, alternative.not superior, alternative.

Administration of the music Administration of the music librarylibrary

• Music LibrariansMusic Librarians• Duties include –Duties include –

• CatalogingCataloging• DistributingDistributing• CollectingCollecting• Filing musicFiling music• Repairing MusicRepairing Music• Additional Clerical WorkAdditional Clerical Work

Administration of the music Administration of the music librarylibrary

• Music FoldersMusic Folders• Folder should be durable and provide Folder should be durable and provide

protection for the musicprotection for the music• The inside pockets should be expandableThe inside pockets should be expandable• Each folder should have a pencil pocketEach folder should have a pencil pocket

Administration of the music Administration of the music librarylibrary

• Distribution and Collection of MusicDistribution and Collection of Music• Music Should never be distributed during Music Should never be distributed during

the rehearsal period. the rehearsal period. • Time in rehearsal is too precious to spend on Time in rehearsal is too precious to spend on

secretarial dutiessecretarial duties

• Be creative in collecting the musicBe creative in collecting the music• Have places for the students to take the music. Have places for the students to take the music. • Sections leaders can collect the parts.Sections leaders can collect the parts.

Administration of the music Administration of the music librarylibrary

• Distribution and Collection of MusicDistribution and Collection of Music• Filing ScoresFiling Scores

• All scores from instrumental music should be All scores from instrumental music should be stored separately in a file in the directors office. stored separately in a file in the directors office.

• Helps to keep all of the scores together and Helps to keep all of the scores together and under your protection.under your protection.

Administration of the music Administration of the music librarylibrary

• Loaning and Borrowing music.Loaning and Borrowing music.• Have a inventory sheet ready to keep track Have a inventory sheet ready to keep track

of what is leaving and what is returned.of what is leaving and what is returned.

• Get people to sign for it as it may be a way Get people to sign for it as it may be a way for them to pay for it if the piece is lost.for them to pay for it if the piece is lost.

• Have a policy setup with librarian to call Have a policy setup with librarian to call people to remind them that they need to people to remind them that they need to get the score and parts back when they get the score and parts back when they said they would.said they would.