CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3 :UNITY AND DIVISION
The Nation Grows and Prospers
An Era of Good Feelings
1816 Election: Republican Candidate
James Monroe. Federalist: Senator Rufus
King of New York.Monroe Won:
Last Revolutionary war officer to become president.
1817: Goodwill tour of the
country. Helped create a new sense
of National Unity.
Calhoun of the South
John C. Calhoun.Grew up on Farm in
S.C.“Young Hercules”Intense Speaker. Supported War of 1812.Firm Defender of
Slavery.Opposed policies that
would strengthen the power of the Federal Government.
Webster of the North
Daniel Webster.New Hampshire.Most skillful Public
Speaker of his time. Opposed War of 1812.Refused to vote for taxes
to pay for the war effort. Wanted the Fed Gov. to
take a larger role in building the nations economy.
Slavery was evil…
Clay of the West
Henry Clay.Was leader of the War
Hawks. Virginia native. Lawyer. “Gallant Harry of the
West”Favored a more active
role for the Central Gov. in promoting the Country’s growth.
The National Bank
After War of 1812: Many economic issues came into play.
1811: Charter to Bank was up.
No longer could lend money & regulate the Nations money.
State Banks: Made loans /Issued own
Money. Too much money was in
circulation. Caused prices to rise
rapidly.
Foreign Competition
Early 1800’s:Embargo Act and War
1812.Kept most Br. Goods
out of the U.S. Francis Cabot Lowell.
Business leader. Est. Mills and
Factories.Industry in U.S. grew
quickly until 1815.
Flood of British GoodsWar 1812 over.British goods enter U.S.Br. Could make and sell
goods more cheaply than Amer. could.
Why? Factory Buildings and
Machines were paid off. Sold cloth in U.S. for less
than it cost to make.Hoped to put U.S. rivals out
of business.Then raise prices once
more.
Protective Tariff
NE businesses were failing.
The People Spoke!!!Tariff of 1816:
Greatly Raised tariffs on imports.
Southerners Angry. Had few Factories. Bought many Br.
goods. Said made North rich.
Clay’s American System
Disputes over tariffs. Sectionalism:
Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole.
People identified themselves as Southerners/ Northerners.
American System: High Tariffs on imports,
to help Northern factories.
Money earned would be used to help South/West by buying farm products from them
Reduce dependency on Foreign goods.
Tariff money: Build roads, bridges,
canals. Make transportation
easier and cheaper for people to ship goods.
American System a failure
Never fully wet into effect.
With High tariffs congress spent little on Internal Improvements: Improvements on
roads, bridges, and canals.
Southerners against it most.
Said rivers were fine for transportation of goods.
Supreme Court Expands Federal Power
Chief Justice: John Marshall.
Promote Economic Growth.
Congress Chartered 2nd Bank of the U.S.
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819:Maryland tried to tax
the Bank to drive it out of the State.
James McCulloch Bank cashier, refused
to pay the tax.Court ruled:
States had no right to interfere with Federal Institutions w/in their boarders.
Gibbons V. Ogden
1824NY law: Tried to control
steamboat travel between NY and NJ.
Supreme court upheld power of the Fed Gov. to regulate trade between states.
States can only regulate trade within own boarders.
Only Fed Gov. had power to regulate interstate commence: (trade between different states).
Checking for Understanding…
What were the pros and cons of the Tariff of 1816?
What was the American System?
How did the Supreme Court Rulings give the Federal Government greater Power?
SECTION 4 CHAPTER 11
New Nations in the Americas
Father Hidalgo
1810Mexican Village of
Dolores.
Priest: Hidalgo
Called Indians to join struggle to make Mexico Independent from Spain.
Revolution n Latin America
1810Spain’s American
colonies people wanted independence.
Wanted a role in Government.
Wealthy Creoles (people born to Spanish parents) were even unhappy.
Indians were in debt. due to Spanish harsh rules.
Mexican IndependenceFather Hidalgo lead the
movement. Gained control of many
provinces in Mexico. Captured in 1811 and
Executed.Priest Jose Morelos.
Took over in place of Hidalgo. Creoles disliked his plan to
give land to peasants. Captured and Killed.
1821: Creoles joined the revolution. Mexico became a republic with its own constitution.
The Liberator
South America.Simon Bolivar.Latin Amer. Wars. Born: Venezuela
(Wealthy).Rebel Leader. Famous Battle: 1819
Led Venezuela army over Andes Mts. Into Columbia.
President of the Republic of Great Columbia. Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Panama.
New Nations FormLatin America:Jose se San Martin
Led Argentina to freedom in 1816.
Helped people of Chile, Peru and Ecuador win Independence.
1821: Central America Declared Independence from
Spain. Formed: United Provinces
of Central America. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala.
1825: Puerto Rica and Cuba were the only colonies left Under the rule of Spain in Latin America.
Portuguese colony of Brazil: Won independence
peacefully. Prince Pedro: son of the
Portuguese King joined their cause.
Became Emperor of the New Nation Brazil.
The New RepublicsNew nations modeled their
constitutions on that of the U.S.
Latin America did not unite into a single Country.
Geography made it difficult. Hard time setting up Stable
Gov.Powerful Leaders took
advantage of this and seized control.
These New nations were often unable to achieve democratic rule.
Black Seminoles
Spanish officials protected enslaved Africans who fled from Georgia and S.C.
Seminole Indians allowed these people to live near their villages.
In return gave portion of their crops.
Negro Fort: Settlement on
Apalachicola River. 1,000 black Seminoles. General Andrew Jackson
destroyed the fort.
Spain Gives up Florida
1818Jackson enters Florida
with over 3,000 soldiers.Spain was powerless
Was fighting war in Latin Amer.
Could not risk war against the U.S.
Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821 Sec of State: John Quincy
Adams. Made treaty with Spain
Gained Fl. For $5 million.
The Monroe Doctrine1823: Doctrine: (Foreign
Policy).Declared that the U.S. would
not interfere in the affairs of European Nations or existing colonies of the European nations.
U.S. would oppose any attempt to build new colonies in the Americas.
Warned European Nations not to attempt to regain control of the independent Nations of Latin Amer.
Doctrine successfully challenged European Intervention (direct Involvement), in Latin America.
Checking for Understanding!!!
Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo?
Who were known as the Black Seminoles?
What was the Monroe Doctrine?