CSR – A Department of Homeland Security National Center of Excellence for Port SecurityCSR – A Department of Homeland Security National Center of Excellence for Port Security
The National Center for Secure and ResilientMaritime Commerce and Coastal Environments:
Results from the First NY Harbor Testbed Exercise
Scott GlennRutgers University
Hans GraberUniversity of Miami
Michael S. BrunoStevens Institute of Technology
Presented at2009 University Programs Summit
Maritime Domain Awareness
Approach –Demonstrate Nested Coverage Global > Approaches > Port
University of Miami –Global Satellite Coverage,Visible & Microwave
Rutgers University –Over-the-Horizon Compact High Frequency Radar Networks
Stevens Institute of Technology –Local High-Resolution Optics & Shallow Underwater Acoustics
- NY Harbor
Maritime Security Laboratory (MSL)
Laboratory features:Real-time command & controlSystems-level experiments & integrationRelevant environments and scenarios
MSL Test Sites
Figure 1 The MSL Test SitesFig. 1 The MSL Test Sites
Stevens Assets for CSR Research
R/V Savitsky
CODAR Network Glider FleetL-Band & X-Band Satellite
Receivers3-D Nowcasts& Forecasts
Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation LabOperations, Data Fusion & Training Center
A) CODAR HF RadarNetwork
B)
D) E)
F)
C)
G) H) I) J)
A Satellite Data Reception and Analysis Facilityfor Environmental Monitoring and Time Sensitive Tactical Applications in the Southeastern US, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Basin and Equatorial Atlantic
Former U.S. Naval Observatory Alternate Time Tracking Station
Sponsors: Office of Naval Research (DoD) and NASA
Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing (CSTARS)
University of Miami
6 October 2008 Joint Meeting of CIMES & CSR 8
CSTARS Current and Future Satellite Reception Capabilities
Current Agreements:RADARSAT-1 (microwave SAR) ERS-2 (microwave SAR)* SPOT 2/4 (hi- res electro- optical visible)* ENVISAT-ASAR (microwave SAR)ENVISAT-MERIS (med- res electro- optical visible)MODIS-TERRA/AQUA (med- res electro- optical visible)SPOT-5 (very hi- res electro- optical visible)
Future and Planned Agreements:RADARSAT- 2 (very hi- res microwave SAR) TerraSAR- X (very hi- res microwave SAR) ALOS/PALSAR (hi- res optical & microwave SAR)* FormoSat 2 (very hi- res electro- optical visible)SarLupe (very hi- res microwave SAR)CosmoSkyMed (very hi- res microwave SAR)
NY Harbor Testbed Experiment – November 19, 2008CODAR Shore Site R/V Savitsky
AIS Data from Large Vessels
Antwerpen Express
R/V Savitsky
Antwerpen Express
R/V Savitsky
NY Harbor Testbed Experiment – November 19, 2008
Satellite Data Collection:SPOT, ENIVSAT, FormoSat
SPOT 4 with AIS data overlay
Close up of 60 km swath width 15:49:06 UTC
One Vesselid’d with AIS
NORDAMERIKA183 m x 27 m
ENVISAT 11/19/2008All-weather Microwave
Collection @ 15:53:01
• AIS points near time of collection • NORDAMERIKA – red• SANKO_HERITAGE – blue• PILOT_BOAT – green• “Phantom” - yellow
NORDAMERIKA
SANKO HERITAGE
UNKNOWN, butcould be SANKO HERITAGE
PILOT BOATw/ “Phantom” towed (not visible)
SPOT 4 with AIS data overlay
Close up of Spot 4Two Vesselsid’d with AIS
Antwerpen Express294 m x 32 m
Antwerpen ExpressActual location
Specialist2
Specialist2Actual location
Formosat with AIS data overlay 15:37:09 UTC
FormoSat 2 m Panchromatic Close Up
One Vesselid’d with AIS
Antwerpen Express
Loop 2
Loop 1
Bragg Waves
Signal present in Loop 2 and Monopole. Signal originated in direction of Stevens anchor site.
HF Radar Geometry & Doppler Spectra fromRange Cell 8
Loop 1
Loop 2
Monopole
Doppler Spectra from all Range Cellswith Detection Threshold Applied
Doppler Frequency
Bragg Waves Bragg Waves
Fixed Objects & Direct Signals
Vessel Vessel
Antwerpen Express Inbound
25 MHzPepper
Plot
Aqua line represents Antwerpen
Express
Nordamerika Inbound
25 MHzPepper
Plot
Aqua line represents
Nordamerika
MAAS Trader, Container Ship, 139.49 meters, 9,881 tons, Netherlands
First Detection Test for a Vessel Transiting Along the Coast
Acoustic ship signatures measured in NY Harbor
Hydrophones
R/V Savitsky
AIS Ship tracks
Emitter
Reference hydrophone
0 1 2 3 460
70
80
90
100
110
120
SPL,
dBre
1¹P
ap
Hz
Frequency, kHz
Acoustic signatures of various ships
Antwerpen Express -Cargo
Unknown – Passenger ship
MOL Endurance - CargoLincoln Sea - Tug
Background noise, No ships
Frequency, kHz
Spe
ctra
l den
sity
, dB
Acoustic signal analysis
Antwerpen Express
Spectrogram
Sound reaches hydrophones with a delay τ that varies with direction.
Cross-correlation allows analysis of delay between signals. Computing it as function of time enables tracking of moving sound sources
dela
y, m
s
time, s0 5 10 15 20
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
Hydrophones
Diver
Ship
Cross-correlation technique for ship (and diver) signal separation
Comparison of Ship Acoustic Signatures
0 20 40 60 80 10070
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
Frequency (Hz)
Spe
ctra
l Den
sity
(dB
)
0 20 40 60 80 10060
70
80
90
100
Frequency (Hz)
Sp
ectr
al D
en
sity (
dB
)
Spectra of ship noise envelop in high frequency band:
Classification parameters: Peak frequencies and their amplitudes
Future - Approaches to New York Harbor13 MHz CODAR Testbed
AIS DataCODAR Data
13 MHz CODAR Surface Current CoverageAverage Range 70 km
Future - Caribbean 13 MHz HF Radar Testbed –University Puerto Rico
Average Range 85 km
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Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10SPOT 4 with AIS data overlayClose up of 60 km swath width 15:49:06 UTCENVISAT 11/19/2008�All-weather MicrowaveSPOT 4 with AIS data overlay Close up of Spot 4Formosat with AIS data overlay 15:37:09 UTCFormoSat 2 m Panchromatic Close Up Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Antwerpen Express InboundSlide Number 21Nordamerika Inbound25 MHz�Pepper Plot�� Aqua line represents NordamerikaSlide Number 24Acoustic ship signatures measured in NY Harbor Acoustic signatures of various ships Acoustic signal analysisSlide Number 28Slide Number 29Future - Approaches to New York Harbor�13 MHz CODAR TestbedSlide Number 31
