The Nature Conservancy’s Perdido RiverNature Preserve
April-May, 2010Vol. XXXVI No. 6
Continues on page 3.
By Adlai Platt, Manager, Perdido River Nature Preserve
This very special place was protected through a gift from the BCR Foundation, creating a living memorial to its founders Betty and Crawford Rainwater. Its intent was to preserve these lands and create the opportunity for others to experience the wonders of natural Florida. The Rainwaters had owned these same lands as part of their Perdido Ranch in the 1940-50s, and then during the next 45 years it was owned by three different timber companies.
Among Betty Rainwater’s most treasured books was a volume called Planting a Refuge for Wildlife, and Francis Weston’s A Survey of the Birdlife of Northwestern Florida, along with many more books on flowers, trees, plants of all kinds, nature study and nature appreciation.
The Perdido River Nature Preserve protects more than 7.5 river miles and 2,331 acres along Florida’s western border, especially pine flatwoods, bottomland forests, xeric uplands, marshes, estuaries, blackwater creeks, streams, the river, titi swamps, baygalls and river islands. The mission of the Nature Conservancy is to preserve the plants, animals, and natural communities that represent the diversity of life by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive. In keeping with that mission, the Conservancy’s primary focus on the altered portions of the property is to
restore longleaf pine and healthy ground cover in all its natural diversity (typically over 200 species).
Human uses of these lands—from forest to pasture to plantation—influence opportunities for nature observation. As these areas are restored, a system of hiking trails is being
developed that will showcase the Preserve and our progress. Early restoration areas can often be exciting places to find many species of overwintering sparrows, and the winding blackwater aquatic trails access the preferred habitats of Northern Parula and Prothonotary Warblers, Marsh Wrens, and a diversity of wildlife. The intent is for this Preserve to become that increasingly rare place where people can still move through nature at nature’s pace, focusing on hiking and paddling trails rather than motorized travel. In the next year we want to create opportunities for self-guided nature hikes so that more of our community can learn about this worthy place and the natural world, and join us in support of this Preserve.
To quote from Dr. Reed Noss, who directs the Science and Planning in Conservation Ecology Lab at the University of Central Florida, “the Florida
Quietly, step by step, a wonderful new nature preserve is taking shape along the Perdido River. You may have visited this property even before the Nature Conservancy owned it, but for those who will be making their first visit to the Preserve, I wanted to share with you a brief background on how this came to be and what we are working towards.
Reflections in Black Creek echo the tranquility of The Nature Conservancy’s Perdido River Nature Preserve.
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S Chapter Meetings
Pensacola Junior College, Main Campus, 7 p.m., Baroco Science Center, Room 2142, unless otherwise noted. Guests are welcome!
■ Thursday, March 25, 7 p.m. “Blackwater River State Forest (BRSF)—Two Presentations.” Peggy Baker will share insights and photographs accumulated in the State Forest Survey that she leads. David Creamer, Recreation Director for BRSF, will present recreational opportunities within the forest.
■ Thursday, April 22, 7 p.m. “Identifying Environmental Trends.” George Kish from the USA National Phenology Network will detail how citizen scientists, government agencies, non-profit groups and students can monitor and identify environmental trends. The Longleaf Pine Chapter of the Florida Native Plant Society will join FMWAS as Mr. Kish shows us how we can contribute observations from field trips to this program.
■ SAVE THE DATE—Thursday, May 27, Annual meeting and awards banquet, Anna Lamar Switzer Center for Visual Arts at the PJC main campus. A cash bar and silent auction will be open prior to the dinner catered by Nancy’s Haute Affairs. Our guest speaker is David Simpson whose informative talk will focus on eBird and birds of South Florida. Registration to attend, and information on dinner entrees and cost, as well as the time the meeting begins will be mailed to members.
Board of Directors Meetings■ Thursdays, 7 p.m., April 1, May 6 at the Baskerville-Donovan Building, 449 West Main Street, Pensacola. Open to all members.
Other Events■ Saturday, April 17, Volunteer Day at the Hyatt Environmental Center■ Thursday, April 22, Earth Day Environmental Symposium hosted by the University of West Florida. The Symposia will be held on the traditional Earth Day date, April 22, from 9 to 12 a.m. in the University Commons Auditorium. Admission is free and open to the public. The Environmental Symposium is in addition to the Earth Day Pensacola Festival, which will be celebrated on April 24 from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at Bayview Community Center and Park.■ Saturday, April 24, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Earth Day Pensacola 2010. Come celebrate with us at Bayview Community Center and Park to enjoy music, animals, birds, plants and gardening information, displays, and arts and crafts. This event is designed as a fun day for the entire family! For more information— http://www.earthdaypensacola.org/
Field Trips■ Saturday, April 17, Nokuse Plantation and E.O. Wilson Biophilia Center Native Plants. James Burkhalter will lead us on a walk to observe native plants and spring wildflowers along nature trails within the Nokuse Plantation and the E.O. Wilson Biophilia Center located in eastern Okaloosa County. A visit to a steephead system along Seven Runs Creek will be included. Expect moderate walking with some steep trails. Insect repellent may be needed. Bring a picnic lunch. Meet at 7:30 a.m. in the parking lot in front of the Target Store located near the intersection of University Parkway and Nine Mile Road. We plan to return by early afternoon.
■ Saturday, April 24, The Betty and Crawford Rainwater Perdido River Nature Preserve Birding. Preserve Manager Adlai Platt will lead us through this newly established preserve located west of Pensacola adjacent to the Perdido River. Bob and Lucy Duncan will be our birding guides to find and identify the birds using the Preserve during this peak time of spring migration. Expect some moderate, non-strenuous walking. Insect repellent is always a good idea. Bring a picnic lunch. Meet at 7:30 a.m. in the parking lot of the Publix store located on the corner of Nine Mile Road and Pine Forest Road. We plan to return after lunch.
■ Saturday, May 8, North Escambia County Birding. Morris Clark will lead us through parts of northern Escambia County in search of breeding birds. We will visit some areas bordering the Escambia River and especially search for several species that should be establishing territories or nesting at this time. Expect some moderate walking. Bring a picnic lunch, which we will eat next to a lake or river. Meet at 7:30 a.m. in the Winn Dixie parking lot located at Hwy. 29 and Old Chemstrand Road. We plan to return early afternoon.
■ Saturday, May 29, Ft. Pickens Native Plants. James Burkhalter will lead us along the Blackbird Marsh Nature Trail and the Dunes Nature Trail to observe the native plants and spring blooming wildflowers. Expect easy walking in sand. Bring a picnic lunch and beverages for the day. You may wish to wear sunscreen and a hat. Meet at 7:30 a.m. in the Pensacola Visitors’ Center parking lot located at the north end of the Pensacola Bay Bridge or at 8:00 a.m. in the sound side parking lot at the entrance to Ft. Pickens. We plan to finish by early afternoon.
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How to Become a Member of FMWASFill out the form on page 8 to become a member of the National Audubon Society. With membership you will receive Audubon Maga-zine, the Florida Naturalist and the Skimmer. Mail your check to Francis M. Weston Audubon Society, P.O. Box 17484, Pensacola, FL 32522. Thank you.
Official Number of Protected Migratory Bird Species
Climbs to More than One Thousand
The special Panhandle Lily (Lilium iridollae Henry) returned after fire was applied to the savannah habitat at the BCR Perdido Preserve.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Acting Director Rowan Gould announced revisions to the list of bird species protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) on March 1. Species appearing on this list are governed under migratory bird hunting and permitting regulations concerning most aspects
of possession, transportation, sale, purchase, exportation, and importation of protected species. The list, last updated in 1985, incorporates the latest taxonomic and scientific data for migratory birds. The changes include 186 new additions and 11 subtractions, bringing the total number of species protected under the MBTA to 1,007.
“This update to the list of federally protected birds reflects the best available science on bird taxonomy and distribution, and will help us improve management of our nation’s migratory birds,” said Gould. “The new list benefits researchers, hunters, conservationists, state agencies, tribal governments, and birdwatchers by extending federal protection to all migratory bird species native to the United States, while highlighting advances and changes in bird taxonomy that have accumulated since the list was last published.”
The USFWS is the primary federal agency responsible for managing migratory birds. Federal migratory bird
regulations, including the list, implement the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, which in turn implements treaties with Canada, Mexico, Japan and Russia. All species included on the list are considered federally protected, and governed by federal regulations limiting take (from the wild), possession, and other use.
The newly revised list reflects the addition of species based on new evidence of their occurrence in the United States or its territories. The revisions also remove species no longer known
to occur within the United States and change some names to conform to accepted usages.
The changes also reflect taxonomic revisions to the bird taxa of North America published by the American Ornithologists’ Union, and changes in the Migratory Bird List incorporate name changes and revisions—moving some species from one taxon to another. The final rule can be found online at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov .
USFWS is both a leader and trusted partner in fish and wildlife conservation, known for scientific excellence, stewardship of lands and natural resources, dedicated professionals and commitment to public service. For more information on its work and the people who make it happen, visit http://www.fws.gov/.
The mission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working
with others to conserve, protect and
enhance fish, wildlife, plants
and their habitats for
the continuing benefit of
the American people.
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Perdido River Nature Preserve, continued from front page
environment we know was shaped over eons by fire, big animals, and bad weather.” Thus, one of our most important restoration tools is fire, because so much of Florida was long shaped by fires, typically ignited by the high frequency of summer lightning storms. For the decades this property was owned by timber companies, no controlled burning was conducted, and bad weather periodically occurred. These tropical events contributed to massive fuel loads and set the stage for two very intense, but natural, wildfires that caused considerable concern to the surrounding community. To restore a more natural fire regime to this landscape, we rely on the careful use of prescribed fire by our certified professional burn teams. It is always a wonderful surprise to see what the first fire in a long suppressed area awakens in the seed bank, and how it gradually tilts the balance away from domination by volatile waxy shrubs, and promotes more grasses, herbs, and flowers.
Though The Perdido River Nature Preserve is not yet “open to the public,” we have been able to host an increasing number of visitors scheduled around busy restoration activities. There is a growing list of opportunities for community involvement: native wildflower surveys, support for prescribed burning (for those who have met
National Wildfire Coordinating Group training requirements), wildlife surveys, trail develop-ment and maintenance, facility restoration, creation of a native plant garden, and more.
We invite you to join us on an Audubon field trip and bird-ing hike at the Preserve on April 24th led by Bob and Lucy Duncan. The timing of this visit should be excellent for spring migration and abundant wild-flowers, and we look forward to showing you our progress. See the Skimmer calendar for details.
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by Bob Duncan
F I E L D N O T E S
BRUTAL—How else can one describe the weather this winter?
Who wants to go birding when the wind is howling outside and
the temperature is in the forties? Either that or it’s pouring rain or
threatening to do so. Nonetheless, in spite of a really bad winter so
far (early March), some birders braved the elements and came up with
great birds.
LEFTOVERS—The Green-tailed Towhee* and Lark Sparrows found by the Bob and Lucy Duncan at Ft. Pickens on 1 Nov. continued
to delight birders from near and far through 10 March. Birders from
all over the Southeastern U.S. have come to add this rarity to their
life lists. Based on the amount of internet chatter monitored by Bob
and Lucy Duncan, we would estimate more than 100 birders have seen
the green gem. At the Ft. Walton Beach Spray Fields (FWBSF) the
Vermilion Flycatcher found in early fall continued to thrill observers
as of 4 March. The Say’s Phoebe* also at the FWBSF, continued
through 15 January, last seen by Alex Harper. Alex and Alicia Gerrety
spotted the Pacific Loon* reported earlier in the season at Ft. Pickens
on 10 January.
NORTH VENTURE—Six Sandhill Cranes at an overgrown catfish
impoundment in north Escambia County were reported by Max Griggs
on 15 January, and were seen by the Duncans on 8 February. That
same trip rewarded us with 18 Greater White-fronted Geese, 6 of
the declining Rusty Blackbirds* and 21 Brewer’s Blackbirds plus 58
other species. There are avian surprises to be had in the lightly birded
northern areas of our counties.
YARD BIRDS—A first year male Western Tanager* visited Greta
and Bill Bremser’s yard in Gulf Breeze 25–28 Jan. Another brightened
David and Chris Forster’s feeder in Pensacola 10–15 February. A
Dickcissel* and an Indigo Bunting were also present in the Bremser’s
yard through 17 February. A male Summer Tanager was a surprise
in Mike Scheller’s yard in Milton on 9 January. Another was at Morris
Clark’s yard in north Pensacola 1–18 January. The guest that came to
stay, the Baltimore Oriole* in Betsy Tetlow’s yard and reported earlier,
continued through 25 February.
MYSTERY—The status of Boat-tailed Grackles* in our area
continues to be as much of a mystery as it was in F.M. Weston’s
time. Boat-taileds are found almost exclusively at a small park in
Floridatown with the exceptional few that are infrequently reported
elsewhere. There is no confirmation of breeding, and they are seen
primarily in winter. They are common in the Mobile Delta and in the
Appalachicola area. Our Boat-taileds are light-eyed birds, Alabama’s are
dark-eyed, and the Atlantic coast’s population are light-eyed. Do
the Floridatown grackles breed here? If not, from whence do they
come? They were monitored by Bill Milmore for many years before
his passing, always at the Floridatown location. Lucy and I found
24 there on 19 January, all males, creating another puzzle, and
Larry Goodman found 5 males there 25 February.
FIELD TRIP—On a cold, crisp but clear 13 February, Peggy
Baker and Jan Lloyd led the F.M. Weston Audubon Society field
trip into the wilds of Blackwater State Forest, where some of us
had not ever ventured before. Underneath long distance Gulf
Power transmission lines were unending rows of planted millet,
which attracted sparrows by the hundreds. As we walked the rows
of stubble we flushed dozens of Chipping, Song, Field, Vesper, Swamp, White-throated and Grasshopper Sparrows. If you’re
into sparrows, or want to learn sparrows, that’s the place to be.
MISCELLANEOUS—At the Fort Walton Beach Spray Fields I
found a Yellow Warbler* on 11 January, providing a first local
record for that month. James Pfeiffer found a Lark Sparrow in
Pensacola on 18 February. I found a first cycle Glaucous Gull*
near Milton on 18 February. A rare Arctic visitor, it was about the
eighteenth area record. As I write this, the skies are peppered
with returning Purple Martins, a few Green Herons have
returned from the tropics, and a few White-eyed Vireos that
either wintered or just arrived are starting to sing. By time the
Skimmer is in your mailboxes, spring migration will be well
under way.
*Species with asterisks require documentation so that they may be processed to become part of the ornithological record. The Skimmer welcomes reports of noteworthy birds. If you have something to report, please call Bob or Lucy Duncan at 932-4792.
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Tr ipping through Nature with Gwen Frost ic By Ann Forster
This Earth with its great green trees, its infinite life and boundless beauty,the only earth there’ll ever be.
These waters of deep springs, of rivers and lakes, drops of dew,and clouds above…all the water there has ever been; all there ever will be.
The air all around that everything must breathe…over and over…forever and ever.
Love this earth. Love it as much as life itself. Earth from which all life has come.Earth to which all life returns. Love its waters and keep them clean…
Water on which all life depends. Love clear air. Care enough to keep it clear…clear enough to see the stars.
And earth will remain Beyond Time.
I thought about the places we had visited with friends
and how they fit into this poem. We visited piney woods
in Blackwater and Apalachicola Forests, the ancient
cypresses of Wakulla Springs and admired the oaks of
Naval Live Oaks. We searched the Gulf and St. Marks for
wintering ducks and gannets; showed them the bays
and marshes, blackwater lakes and rivers, and clear, cold
springs. Our friends were thrilled to know that so many
good habitats were safe for now—their trees, water, and
air. More important, they are our trees, water, and air to
love and protect.
The Francis M. Weston Audubon Society Center Committee received permission from the Escambia School District to build a birding trail at the Roy Hyatt Environmental Center to honor Curtis Kingsbery, longtime chapter field trip leader. The first planned bench site along the trail was recently constructed by Morris Clark, Richard Mason, and a team of sophomore students from the Zookeeper Class at Pensacola Junior College (PJC). The site consists of a pergola-shaded wood bench and brick pad built facing the water feature and bird feeders near the bird bus. It is situated to permit observation of the same birds viewed by students, without intruding on the natural features or distracting occupants of the bird bus. —Jim Brady
Students from the PJC Zookeeper Class celebrate completion of the first phase of the Curtis Kingsbery Memorial at RHEC. Pictured left to right seated: Kathia Vandentillaart, Carmen Bowling, Amanda Rigby, and Mary Kate Renfroe; standing: Ashley Smith, Jim Brady, and Graham Northup.
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Birding Trail at the Roy Hyatt
Environmental Center (RHEC)
Honors Curtis Kingsbery
I have been lucky enough to have discovered some small but beautiful books by a Michigan woman named Gwen Frostic. She
literally created these books—the art, the poetry, even the paper itself. The one I am reading now is named Beyond Time. The
opening page resonated with me because we have just hosted some birding friends from Washington State whose comments
reminded me to appreciate what we still have. Here is her introductory poem:
ARMCHAIR BIRDING
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J oan and I were in Mexico recently, hasten-
ing the spring after too long a winter. Our
favorite place here for doing nothing, or
nearly nothing, is Ajijic, a colorful village
on Lake Chapala, forty miles south of Gua-
dalajara. It’s usually filled with American
and Canadian émigrés, but the annual influx of snowbirds
hasn’t tarnished its native charm, probably because the émi-
grés soon enough fall under that charm, stuffing their bags
with native folklore and turquoise jewelry, and their straw
baskets with fresh fruit from the mercado.
We always stay at Los Artistas, a six-room posada with
a large, luxuriant garden, enclosed by high walls and
flowering shrubbery, and a burbling fountain that creates
its focus—and draws the birds. As we arrived two ladies,
encumbered with binoculars, bird books and cameras, were
stalking its perimeter. Then they noticed me. One was from
Detroit, I learned, and the other from Toronto, and they had
met there, in the garden, while searching the flowers for
hummers. And it seemed they were beginners, determined to
turn our migrant warblers and orioles into Mexican species.
“That’s an Altamira Oriole, right?”
“Uh, no. It’s a Hooded. Altamira’s larger.”
The lady from Detroit put down her cigarette. Funny, a
birder looking through binoculars smoking a cigarette, I
can’t remember ever having seen that before. “Look at those
bitty birds pecking at those big pods!”
“Lesser Goldfinches.”
I didn’t have binoculars, and had to fall back on ‘naked-
eye’ birding, an interesting challenge, as well as a vexing
disadvantage when being tested by well-equipped amateurs.
“Are you sure?”
“Well, pretty sure, yes.”
“What about that
little brown bird, bobbing
through the grass?”
“A wren, I believe.”
“What kind?”
“A Happy Wren.” Of course I couldn’t say for sure, but it
seemed happy enough.
“Happy?”
“Wouldn’t you be?”
The fountain continued to draw in birds, and from the
comfort of my lounge chair, I found myself wondering who
the first really lazy birder might have been, who devised
a scheme for bringing the birds to him, rather than the
other way ‘round. Or maybe it’s the kind of thing we
learn automatically with age, as the love for adventure
is being replaced by a gradually growing appreciation for
the familiar. I guess it’s why Joan and I come back to this
quiet spot, where we can walk to restaurants and shops,
read our books, and watch the birds splashing in the
fountain.
The younger folk at Los Artistas were dashing here and
there, making plans for dinner, reservations and appoint-
ments for whatever, trying to take in as much color and
culture as their short stays allowed outside our garden
wall. But we’re content to stay inside and let the people
with their entertaining stories and their daily adven-
tures—and the birds—come to us.
Skimming by Jere French
G O T H U M M I N G B I R D S
?Ruby-throated Humming-
birds have returned from
their winter hiatus in the
tropics. If you maintain a
hummingbird feeder, be
sure the ratio of sugar to
water is 1:4. That’s one
part sugar and four parts
water. Do not use food col-
oring. Higher ratios of sug-
ar to water can be harmful.
Beating its wings about
53 times per second, the
Ruby-throated Humming-
bird eats insects and nec-
tar, doesn’t walk or hop,
and fiercely defends its
patch of flowers or feeder.
N e w s & V i e w s
4 0 t h A n n i v e r s a r y o f E a r t h D a y , A p r i l 2 2 , 2 0 1 0Forty years after the first Earth Day, climate change is the greatest challenge of our time. It also presents the greatest opportunity—an unprecedented opportunity to build a healthy, prosperous, clean-energy economy now and for the future. Earth Day 2010 can be a turning point to advance climate policy, energy efficiency, renewable energy and green jobs. And Earth Day can begin with our own personal commitments to reuse, recycle, and reduce all forms of waste from plastic bottles to grocery bags and energy consumption. Local Earth Day Celebrations will be on April 22 and 24. See our calendar for details. See also earthdaypensacola.org
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F M WA S E L E C T I O N O F O F F I C E R S
The election of officers for 2010-2011 will be conducted at the annual meeting on Thursday, May 27, (see details in the calendar). At that time, the Nominating Committee (Sharhonda Owens, Chairman, Becky Grass and Patriciann Retherford) will present their slate which follows. Nominations will also be taken from the floor.
President ......................................... Jim BradyVice-President ......................... Sharhonda OwensTreasurer .......................................Betsy TetlowRecording Secretary ............................Jan LloydCorresponding Secretary ................... Ann ForsterDirector at Large ............................Frank Butera
T H A N K Y O U , L E L A N D Leland Leonard knows the twists and turns of
wood. He has been working with wood most of his
life and turning trunks and limbs into works of art.
Cherry is his favorite wood to work, though his
pieces may range from yaupon to oak or mesquite.
The natural grains of each selection give a unique
design to each turning of the lathe. Besides
making delicately turned bowls, lighthouses, and
mushrooms that are so lifelike you have to touch
them to be sure of what you’re seeing, he also
crafts exquisite furniture. An expert on native
plants and flowers, Leland often generously donates
his pieces as gifts to Francis M. Weston Audubon
Society guest speakers.
H O W L U C K Y C A N Y O U G E T ?Record of Questionable Merit.
Ann and Dan Forster’s bird feeder has hosted
three species of cowbird—Brown-headed, Bronzed,
and Shiny. All three have been documented with
photographs. It is probable that few (if any) other
feeders in the United States have had this trio of
nest parasites.
P R O T E C T F L O R I D A ’ S B E A C H E S The 2010 Legislative Session is upon us and
it is likely that a bill calling for oil drilling off
Florida’s beaches is going to come. Opposition to
nearshore oil drilling is growing throughout Florida.
Already 60-plus cities, counties, chambers of
commerce and organizations have passed resolutions
opposing drilling. We need to send a message to
our Legislators that we, as citizens, communities,
businesses, and organizations, do not want risky
drilling activity off our shores.
You can help. We need to send our message loud
and clear to legislators: One of the best ways to
do this is to encourage your city council, county
commission and other community organizations
of which you are a member to pass a resolution
opposing drilling off Florida’s coasts. It’s easy and,
more importantly, it’s effective.
C H A P T E R C O N TA C T S
Presidents’ Council Peggy Baker .................934-3242 Jim Brady ....................456-5083 Morris Clark ..................968-5498 Annelise Reunert ..........492-4389 Dana Timmons ..............934-4521Recording Secretary Jan Lloyd ....................453-1660Corresponding Secretary Ann Forster ..................456-4421Publicity Sue Timmons ................934-4521Treasurer Betsy Tetlow ................438-3703Directors at Large Larry Goodman .............433-5135 Sharhonda Owens ..........944-5655Membership Annelise Reunert ..........492-4389Field Trips Morris Clark ..................968-5498Programs Dana Timmons ..............934-4521Fund Raising Position open ............................Conservation Lynn Ogden..................512-3187Hyatt Center Committee Jim Brady ....................456-5083Education Peggy Baker .................934-3242Outreach Position open ............................ Skimmer Editor Lucy Duncan ................932-4792Skimmer Art Director Lynn GouldWebmaster Debra Jones
Francis M. Weston Audubon SocietyP.O. Box 17484Pensacola, FL 32522
NONPROFITORGANIZATIONU.S. POSTAGE
PAIDPENSACOLA, FLPERMIT NO. 821
Our online edition of the Skimmer is in full color at www.fmwaudubon.org <http://www.fmwaudubon.org>
INTRODUCTORY MEMBERSHIP NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETYIndividual/family $20 for one year $30 for two yearsStudent/senior citizen $15 for one yearMake checks payable to the National Audubon Society.
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C O R P O R AT E S U P P O R T E R SArmstrong World IndustriesBaskerville-Donovan, Inc.
International Paper CompanyPfizer
Ascend Performance Materials (formerly Solutia, Inc.)
The Green-tailed Towhee continues to be found at Ft. Pickens on the hiking trail between the wall and bridge.
photo by Ken Schmidt.
RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED
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about 25% postconsumer waste