The Nature & Hierarchies of

Knowledge

How do you know something?

Fundamental patterns of knowing(Carper, 1978)

Ethics, Personal knowing, Aesthetics, Empirics,

Emancipatory Chinn and Kramer (2008)

TheoreticalExperiential

Empirical

Technical-Rational ModelSchon (1981)

Process Kskilled behaviour and deliberation

Personal Kimpressions and experiential interpretations

Propositional Ktheories, concepts and propositions

Eraut (1994) Professional Knowledge

How does research fit in?

Research Paradigms & Hierarchies

Problems

TruthMedical/Science focusWhat does it answerPragmatic research

Mixed Methods