The The NaziNazi SovietSoviet Pact Pact

By Sean ConnollyBy Sean Connolly

AndAnd

Nick WildeyNick Wildey

““I must confess to the most profound I must confess to the most profound distrust of Russia. And I distrust her distrust of Russia. And I distrust her motives, which seem to me to have motives, which seem to me to have little connection with our ideas of little connection with our ideas of liberty, and to be concerned only with liberty, and to be concerned only with getting everyone else by the ears….”getting everyone else by the ears….”

““Moreover, she is both Moreover, she is both hatedhated and and suspectedsuspected by many of the smaller by many of the smaller States, notably by States, notably by PolandPoland, , RomaniaRomania and and FinlandFinland.”.”

Neville ChamberlainNeville Chamberlain

Summary of ArticlesSummary of Articles Communication between both governments was key so as to Communication between both governments was key so as to

address problems reflecting on their country’s common interests. address problems reflecting on their country’s common interests.

Non-aggression was the main component, assuring that neither Non-aggression was the main component, assuring that neither side would attack the other and any violence was strictly side would attack the other and any violence was strictly forbidden.forbidden.

Summary of Articles Cont’dSummary of Articles Cont’d The treaty would last The treaty would last

for ten years, after that for ten years, after that it would continue for it would continue for five more years if five more years if neither party expressed neither party expressed disinterest in the disinterest in the relationship.relationship.

Any conflicts between Any conflicts between parties would not be parties would not be settled through settled through violence, but rather violence, but rather through exchanging through exchanging opinions or arbitration opinions or arbitration commissions.commissions.

Not an AllianceNot an Alliance The treaty or pact The treaty or pact

was definitely not an was definitely not an alliance. The two alliance. The two powers did not agree powers did not agree to international to international efforts.efforts.

The economic The economic agreement of August agreement of August 13, 1939 named 13, 1939 named USSR to provide USSR to provide Germany with food Germany with food and raw materials. and raw materials.

Germany would Germany would supply the U.S.S.R. supply the U.S.S.R. with finished with finished products.products.

A Shock to the WorldA Shock to the World The Nazi's were The Nazi's were

known for hating known for hating CommunistsCommunists. With . With the the USSRUSSR a a Communist body, the Communist body, the world was shocked world was shocked that these two that these two governments would governments would sign any sort of sign any sort of agreement, much less agreement, much less a non-aggression one.a non-aggression one.

Two Terms that Two Terms that Don’tDon’t MixMix

Ideological Ideological DifferencesDifferences

FascismFascism – embraces private property – embraces private property

CommunismCommunism – nationalizes (takes – nationalizes (takes away) private propertyaway) private property

HitlerHitler and and Stalin Stalin

Hitler and Stalin were seeking Hitler and Stalin were seeking power by abusing the citizens of power by abusing the citizens of their countries, aspiring to world their countries, aspiring to world domination. domination.

In both Hitler’s Germany and In both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s U.S.S.R.,Stalin’s U.S.S.R., the populations the populations were split down the midwere split down the middledle..

HitlerHitler//StalinStalin Population Population EffectsEffects

In the In the U.S.S.R. “Stalinism”U.S.S.R. “Stalinism” made the made the people paranoid about people paranoid about not not helping the helping the Soviet cause. The Soviet cause. The “Great Purge”“Great Purge” led led to the deaths of millions of Soviets.to the deaths of millions of Soviets.

In Germany, Hitler created massive rifts In Germany, Hitler created massive rifts between races leading to the deaths of between races leading to the deaths of millions of Jews.millions of Jews.

Secret Perks of the Secret Perks of the AgreementAgreement

The secret protocol of the agreement The secret protocol of the agreement gave the gave the SovietsSoviets control of the Baltic control of the Baltic

States, blocked the States, blocked the SovietsSoviets from entering from entering a war against Germany, and split Poland a war against Germany, and split Poland

between the two countries. between the two countries.

PolPolandand – Result of Pact on – Result of Pact on Target NationsTarget Nations

About a week after the About a week after the signing of the pact, signing of the pact, German forces entered German forces entered Poland. Poland.

Throughout Throughout September of 1939, September of 1939, Poland was subject to Poland was subject to occupation in the west occupation in the west from German forces from German forces and from the east by and from the east by Soviet forces. Soviet forces.

The British and French The British and French honored their ally honored their ally system by declaring system by declaring war on Germany.war on Germany.

““Bloodthirsty”Bloodthirsty”

The Polish were forced into labor camps and The Polish were forced into labor camps and their military officers were brutally murdered.their military officers were brutally murdered.

The goal of German/Soviet occupation was to The goal of German/Soviet occupation was to enslave the Polish and erase their sense of enslave the Polish and erase their sense of nationalism and identity.nationalism and identity.

““A great myth developed that only the A great myth developed that only the fascist enemy was capable of genocide, of fascist enemy was capable of genocide, of mass crime. If the crimes of the mass crime. If the crimes of the Soviet Soviet UnionUnion were to be were to be put into the same category as those of the put into the same category as those of the Nazis, the whole moral story Nazis, the whole moral story of why we fought the Second World War of why we fought the Second World War would have been ruined. would have been ruined. We now know that during the war, We now know that during the war, StalinStalin actually killed more of actually killed more of his own people than Hitler killed during the his own people than Hitler killed during the Holocaust.”Holocaust.”

Norman Davies Norman Davies

At the Katyn forests in 1043, nearly At the Katyn forests in 1043, nearly 4,000 Polish military officers were 4,000 Polish military officers were discovered in a mass grave; a massacre discovered in a mass grave; a massacre which was recently claimed in which was recently claimed in responsibility in 1991 by the Soviets.responsibility in 1991 by the Soviets.

The Big Picture of The Big Picture of PolPolandand

The concentration camps killed Jews The concentration camps killed Jews on Polish soil at infamous camps on Polish soil at infamous camps such as Auschwitz, Majdanek, and such as Auschwitz, Majdanek, and Treblinka.Treblinka.

Almost all of the 3 million Jews living Almost all of the 3 million Jews living in Poland were annihilated by the in Poland were annihilated by the ruthless Germans and Soviets. ruthless Germans and Soviets.

An Attack on Finland, Gone An Attack on Finland, Gone BadBad

On November 30th, 1939 the USSR On November 30th, 1939 the USSR attacked Finland, expecting an easy attacked Finland, expecting an easy victory. However Finland was able to victory. However Finland was able to hold them off and retain its hold them off and retain its independence. This scuttle was independence. This scuttle was known as the Winter War. known as the Winter War.

The End of the PactThe End of the Pact

The pact between the two countries was The pact between the two countries was severed as a result of Hitler invading the severed as a result of Hitler invading the U.S.S.R. on June 22U.S.S.R. on June 22ndnd, 1941., 1941.

Failure of the pactFailure of the pact

The Germans were The Germans were avoiding avoiding fighting a two front war.fighting a two front war.

The attack on the Soviets may have The attack on the Soviets may have helped to win the war for the allies, helped to win the war for the allies, as the Germans then had as the Germans then had two frontstwo fronts to to supply, occupy, and fightsupply, occupy, and fight..

““They should have known They should have known …”…”

The attack on the The attack on the USSRUSSR shocked few people. shocked few people. It was assumed that this pact would last only It was assumed that this pact would last only long enough to give Germany the advantage long enough to give Germany the advantage of not having to fight on two fronts.of not having to fight on two fronts.

USSR USSR Enters Enters WWIIWWII

Following the German invasion of Following the German invasion of the USSR, the Soviets were involved the USSR, the Soviets were involved in WWII, as well as defeating the in WWII, as well as defeating the German powers.German powers.

UU..S.S. Involvement Involvement

The U.S. soon became The U.S. soon became involved in the war. If involved in the war. If the U.S. was involved in the U.S. was involved in the war prior to June the war prior to June 2222ndnd, 1941, many people , 1941, many people believe that Germany believe that Germany would not have attacked would not have attacked Russia.Russia.

http://www.hfcsd.org/ww2

UU..S.S. and and U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R. The combination of the The combination of the

United States and the United States and the USSR joining allied USSR joining allied efforts in a matter of efforts in a matter of months apart, morale months apart, morale among British and French among British and French troops skyrocketed, and troops skyrocketed, and the Soviets fought as if the Soviets fought as if there had been no there had been no negotiations between negotiations between their government and their government and Germany at all.Germany at all.

“ “Ours is a righteous cause. The Ours is a righteous cause. The enemy shall be defeated. Victory will enemy shall be defeated. Victory will be ours.”be ours.”

Vyacheslav Molotov - June 22, 1941 Vyacheslav Molotov - June 22, 1941 (Foreign minister of the USSR during time of (Foreign minister of the USSR during time of

signing of pact as well as time of attack.)signing of pact as well as time of attack.)

EvaluationEvaluation What were the provisions of the Nazi-What were the provisions of the Nazi-

Soviet Pact?Soviet Pact? Was it a treaty of alliance? If not, what Was it a treaty of alliance? If not, what

was its purpose?was its purpose? Why was the world shocked when it was Why was the world shocked when it was

announced? What were the ideological announced? What were the ideological differences between Hitler and Stalin?differences between Hitler and Stalin?

What effect would the pact have on the What effect would the pact have on the nations who were targeted?nations who were targeted?

When and how would the Pact be When and how would the Pact be broken?broken?

Works CitedWorks Cited   German-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty, 1939German-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty, 1939

http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/documents/German_Soviet_Pact.htmhttp://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/documents/German_Soviet_Pact.htm Accessed 5-30-03Accessed 5-30-03 Site contained articles of provisions of the pact.Site contained articles of provisions of the pact.

PicturePicture http://http://www.jacdepczyk.com/images/depczyk_play.jpwww.jacdepczyk.com/images/depczyk_play.jpgg Accessed 5-30-03Accessed 5-30-03

Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia http://go.grolier.comhttp://go.grolier.com Accessed 5-30-03Accessed 5-30-03 Good general background information, combined with great graphics of Hitler Good general background information, combined with great graphics of Hitler

and Stalin.and Stalin. Poland’s HolocaustPoland’s Holocaust

www.polandsholocaust.org/www.polandsholocaust.org/ Accessed 6/06/03Accessed 6/06/03 Excellent source for information regarding a country whose “holocaust” was Excellent source for information regarding a country whose “holocaust” was

not quite as known about as was Germany’s.not quite as known about as was Germany’s. Nazi-Soviet PactNazi-Soviet Pact

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSnazipact.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSnazipact.htm Accessed 5-30-03Accessed 5-30-03 Site contained information on both Hitler and Stalin, as well as several primary Site contained information on both Hitler and Stalin, as well as several primary

source documents.source documents.

Works Cited Cont’dWorks Cited Cont’d The Avalon ProjectThe Avalon Project

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/nazsov/nonagres.htmhttp://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/nazsov/nonagres.htm Accessed 5-30-03Accessed 5-30-03 Contained articles of the pact.Contained articles of the pact. Excellent web site for information on a wide array of topics.Excellent web site for information on a wide array of topics.

Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pactGermany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/World/http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/World/

HitlerStalin.htmlHitlerStalin.html Accessed 5-30-03Accessed 5-30-03 Site talked slightly about the signing of the pact, but focused mainly Site talked slightly about the signing of the pact, but focused mainly

on the invasion of Poland.on the invasion of Poland. German and Soviet RuleGerman and Soviet Rule

http://www.1upinfo.comhttp://www.1upinfo.com Accessed 6/6/03Accessed 6/6/03 Detailed outline of the pact, definitely a source to use again for many Detailed outline of the pact, definitely a source to use again for many

other topics.other topics. Nazi-Soviet PactNazi-Soviet Pact

http://www.johndclare.net/RoadtoWWII8.htmhttp://www.johndclare.net/RoadtoWWII8.htm Accessed 5-30-03 Accessed 5-30-03 Site contained information on the shock that this pact caused to the Site contained information on the shock that this pact caused to the

rest of the world. Also contained some pictures.rest of the world. Also contained some pictures.