THE NEW DEAL and FDR1933-1938

FDRFranklin Delano RooseveltStruck by Polio in 1921 Elected Govern of NY in 1928 and

1930Spoke about the “forgotten man”Politically Suave

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Pushed FDR to maintain

political careerBig leader of the female wing of

the Democratic party in 1920s and early 1930s.

Became the “Conscience of the New Deal”

She is the most active first lady in American History

Election 1932

“I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American

people.”FDR ( Democratic Party)Hoover (Republican)FDR wins

◦African-Americans traditionally loyal to the Republican party swung to the Democratic party

Depression 193225-33% Unemployment About 25% of all banks failed25% of Farmers lost their farmsLarge numbers of businesses

failedLoss of self-worth among millions

of Americans

New Deal BeginsFDR and his inner circle

◦“Brain Trust” Cordell Hull Frances Perkins Harold L. Ickes Harry Hopkins Eleanor Roosevelt

First Hundred Days (March 9-June 16 1933

“Three R’s”◦Relief ◦Recovery ◦Reform

Short-Range goals: Relief and immediate recovery (next two years)

Long-Range permanent recovery and reform of current abuses

3 R’s

New Deal 1933-1938ProgramsCCCTVA FERAAAANIRAPWA

WPA SSANYASECNLRBFDIC

Civilian Conservation Corps March 31, 1933Most Popular New Deal Programs

◦Employed 2.75 Million young men (18-24)

◦Reforestation, firefighting, flood control , swamp drainage, develop national parks

Under direction of the War Department

Their payment made to the family of each member

Tennessee Valley Authority May 1933 Intended to reform the power

monopoly of utility companies by building hydroelectric power plants in the Tennessee Valley ◦20 dams build in an area of 40,000

sq. miles to stop floods and soil erosion and generate hydroelectric power

Federal Emergency Relief Administration May 12,1933Headed by Harry HopkinsGave $3 million to states for

direct dole payments◦People who were unemployed were ◦“On the Dole”

Agricultural Adjustment Administration May 12, 1933Attempted to eliminate price-

depressing surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop acreage – subsides

Federal Farm Loan Act◦Allocated million of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages

National Industrial Recovery Administration June 16, 1933Most complex and far reaching of

New Deal programs was designed to prevent extreme competition, labor-management, disputes and over-production

NRA◦Blue Eagle was displayed by

merchants adhering to NRA codes with the slogan “we do our part”

Public Works Administration Created by NIRA…

1933Harold L. IkesGave $4 billion state

and local governments to provide jobs for 34,000 public projects◦ Building schools,

dames, government buildings, sewage systems, highways

◦ (Modernize Nations infrastructure)

Works Progress Administration

May 1935Employed nearly 9

million people on public projects◦ Buildings bridges, hard-

surfaced roads airports, schools and hospitals

Total Cost: 11.4 Billion eventually employed 40% of the nation’s workers

Social Security Act

August 1935On of the most far-reaching laws

ever to pass Congress Provided for federal-state

unemployment insuranceProvided for old-age pensions for

retired workersFinanced by a payroll tax on both

employers and employees

National Youth AssociationJune 1935Created by the WPAProvided part-time jobs for high

school and college students

Securities and Exchange commission 1933Empowered to license and

regulate stock exchanges as well as regulate the investment banking industry

One of the most important projects of the new deal

National Labor Relations Board

1935Known as the Wagner Act Guaranteed workers the rights to

unionize and bargain collectively and would investigate any business trying to destroy labor unions.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation1933 Known as the Glass-Steagall Act Insured all savings bank deposits

up $2,500Currently the amount is $100,000

Critics of The New Deal Was not as successful as it was

thought to be Did not help women and minorities

as much as it helped the white man Political Right… To much of

government involvementPolitical Left… Not enough

assistance Father Charles E. Coughlin…Huey Long…

Packing the Court

Lasting Impressions Still reap benefits from the CCC

(dams, buildings, national state parks etc.)

TVA remains a model of government planning

FDIC still guarantees bank depositsSEC still monitors the stock marketAAA still helps regulate farmingSocial Security