The New Deal

New Deal = Relief, Recovery, and Reform programs

1st Hundred Days – FDR pushed programs through to provide relief, create jobs, & stimulate the economy

Restoring Hope in the First Hundred DaysRestoring Hope in the First Hundred Days

1. Stabilize banking Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Banking Act (FDIC)

Goals of New Deal Legislation

2. Provide relief & create jobs Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Federal Emergency Relief Administration

(FERA)

Goals of New Deal Legislation

3. Regulate the economy National Industrial Recovery Act, which

established: Public Works Administration (PWA) National Recovery Administration(NRA)

Goals of New Deal Legislation

4. Assist homeowners & farmers Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Agricultural Adjustment Administration

(AAA) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Goals of New Deal Legislation

Continuing Hardships The New Deal eased suffering, but didn’t end it Desperate people went to desperate measures The Depression took its toll on families

Minorities and the New Deal The New Deal didn’t address racism, and many

programs were biased against blacks and Mexican Americans

Indian Reorganization Act (“Indian New Deal”) had little impact

Scottsboro case (1931) set important precedents

Culture in the 1930s Important literary achievements included The Grapes

of Wrath and Native Son.

Radio and movies provided a needed escape from hard times.

FDR’s “Fireside Chats” reassured Americans.

Contributions of Women Frances Perkins – 1st

female Secretary of Labor

Eleanor Roosevelt was FDR’s “eyes & ears”

Photographer Dorothea Lange inspired programs for farm workers

Liberals felt the New Deal didn’t go far enough to reform the system.

Conservatives said it gave the government too much control of the economy.

Huey Long’s Share-Our-Wealth program sought to limit individual personal wealth & increase the minimal income for all.

Other critics were demagogues, like Father Charles E. Coughlin.

Critics of the New Deal

The Second New DealContinued First New Deal in:

Providing jobs Works Progress Administration

(WPA)

Regulating the economy Wagner Act Social Security Administration

(SSA)

As well as programs to benefit farmers

The 1936 Election FDR’s landslide

victory showed that most Americans supported the New Deal

Forged a new coalition for the Democrats

Schecter v. U.S. decision struck down NIRA Roosevelt proposed to add 6 additional Supreme

Court justices supportive of the New Deal Critics warned that FDR was trying to undermine

the constitutional separation of powers

The Court Packing Fiasco

In August 1937, industrial production & employment levels fell.

The new Social Security tax was partly to blame, as were cuts in federal work programs.

FDR concerned about deficit spending.

The Recession of 1937

People accepted & expected government intervention to improve their lives.

Legacy of the New Deal