The new International Standard for Accessible PDF Technology€¦ · WCAG 2.0 does not regard...

Introducing PDF/UA

The new International Standardfor Accessible PDF Technology

Solving PDF Accessibility Problems

Introducing PDF/UA

Agenda Why PDF

What is PDF What is PDF/U A

PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0 CommonLook Solutions

Question Time

About NetCentric Technologies

© 2012 by NetCentric - www.CommonLook.com

Established 1995

World leader in providing solutions for PDF accessibility problems

Creator of the CommonLook suite of software and services

Leadership positions in developing ISO standards for PDF and in promoting awareness of and support for PDF standards via the PDF Association

Duff Johnson (President)

Founded the first company offering commercial PDF accessibility services

Chair, US Committee for PDF/UA since 2005, US Spokesperson for ISO 14289

International Project Co-Leader and Chair, US Committee for ISO 32000

Vice Chair of the PDF Association

Ferass Elrayes (Chief Technology Officer)

Since 2006, a key contributor to the development of PDF/UA

Vice Chair, Canadian Standards Council Committee for TC 171 SC 2


Why we need PDFthe

Portable Document Format

1500

1000 Millions of Files Online Source: Google “filetype:X” search

PDF SWF (Flash) DOC / DOCX PPT / PPTX XLS / XLSX

500

PDF

SWF


DOC PPT XLS

Where is PDF going?

UP

2011-04 2012-01 2012-08

Why PDF?

Where is PDF from? Why do we use it?Original Applications

Graphic design

Publishing and print

Government (the very first PDF was a U.S. tax form!)

Key Value Proposition(s)

Portable, reliable, flexible

Content from any source may be unified in one file

Interoperable with paper

May be authenticated and/or secured

Easy to make (like printing)

Free viewing software

NOW: A non-proprietary standard (ISO 32000)


With PDF, it’s all in one package


Easy to make and share!

Rich graphical content, including total layout control, embedded scalable fonts, vector graphics, transparency, layers, JPEG2000 and more

Searchable text, including support for scanned pages

Bookmarks, links, forms and annotations

Scripting

Attachments

Encryption & digital signatures

Standardized metadata model (XMP)

Archivable (via PDF/A)

Open, non-proprietary, democratically managed International Standard

...and of course, PDF can contain the structures required for accessibility!

PDF is Easy


Create PDFs the same way you print

Share PDFs the same way you share any electronic content

Edit or annotate PDFs the same way (more or less) you edit or annotate paper documents

What is PDF?


What is HTML?


What is PDF?


What is PDF?


What is PDF?


What is PDF?


What is PDF?


What is PDF?



What is PDF?

PDF is a bit......different


What is PDF?

HTML / CSS Layout is controlled by the browser

PDF Layout is controlled by the file


What is PDF?


What is PDF?


What is PDF?

Plain Text.

%PDF-1.2 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 5 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R >> endobj

2 0 obj << /Length 51 >> stream BT /F1 24 Tf 1 0 0 1 260 254 Tm (Plain Text.)Tj ET endstream endobj 3 0 obj

<< /ProcSet[/PDF/Text] /Font <</F1 4 0 R >> >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F1 /BaseFont/Helvetica >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [ 1 0 R ] /Count 1 /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 446 ] >> endobj 6 0 obj

<< /Type /Catalog /Pages 5 0 R >> endobj trailer << /Root 6 0 R >>


What is PDF?

The quick the lazy brown fox dog. jumps over

q 1 0 0 -1 0 432 cm0 g 0 GBT 14 0 0 -14 72 84 Tm /F1.0 1 Tf (The quick) Tj14 0 0 -14 147.6 84 Tm (the lazy) Tj14 0 0 -14 72 100 Tm (brown fox) Tj14 0 0 -14 147.6 100 Tm (dog.) Tj14 0 0 -14 72 116 Tm (jumps over) TjET Q


What is PDF?


What is PDF?

Had enough yet?


What is PDF?


PDF/UA

Background1993 - PDF released by Adobe Systems

1999 - WCAG 1.0 published

2000 - Adobe introduces Tagged PDF (Acrobat 5)

2001 - US Government’s Section 508 regulations in effect

2004 - AIIM’s PDF/UA project begins

2008 - Adobe’s PDF Reference 1.7 becomes ISO 32000

2008 - WCAG 2.0 published

2010 - PDF/UA accepted as a draft ISO Standard

2012 - PDF/UA published as ISO 14289


What is PDF/UA?

The Purpose of PDF/UAA high quality experience for users who require AT to read

A higher quality experience of re-use and search features

Clarity for technology purchasers and document authors

Provide normative technical requirements for accessibility features in PDF files, viewers and Assistive Technology

Help developers make, verify and read accessible PDF

Provide technical details of WCAG 2.0 conformance in PDF


Accessible PDF became possible in 2000. A lack of common understanding has impaired development of tagged PDF writers, readers and AT.

End Users OrganizationsA top-quality reading and navigating experience

High-quality results accessing PDF content on mobile devices

Improved re-use (copy & paste, extract to HTML)

High quality search results with conforming search engines

Enhanced communications with persons with disabilities

Enhanced compliance with accessibility laws, reducing liability exposure

Technically-specific means of meeting WCAG 2.0 in PDF

Guidance for software and document procurement


Key Terms for Accessible PDF

Real Content - material introduced by the author

Artifacts (running heads, page numbers, purely decorative images) shall not be tagged as “real content”

Tags - define logical reading order & semantics

Unless tagged, real content has no logical reading order

Unless tagged, real content has no semantics (headings, paragraphs, lists, tables, etc)

It’s not enough to merely “Add tags”

Tags must be appropriate (semantics) and in correct reading order


PDF/UA

The ISO Standard for accessible PDF

technology

...and the first accessible ISO Standard

(Yes, it’s a tagged PDF)

Available from iso.org


PDF/UA Normative Requirements


File Format (section 7)Reader (section 8)Assistive Technology (section 9)


Highlights of PDF/UA

1 Scope“... how to use ISO 32000-1... to produce accessible electronic documents.”

...not applicable to:

specific processes for converting paper or electronic documents to the PDF/UA format; specific technical design, user interface, implementation, or operational details of rendering; specific physical methods of storing these documents, such as media and storage conditions; required computer hardware and/or operating systems.


Section 7: File RequirementsAn unambiguous distinction between “real” and “artifact” content

Semantically appropriate tags in a logical reading order

Information shall not be conveyed by contrast, color, format or layout unless the content is tagged to reflect all intended meaning

OCR generated text shall be corrected

Natural language shall be declared

Meaningful graphics shall include alternative text

If present, headings shall proceed in a logical sequence, e.g. “H1, H2, H3”

Embedding files in PDF is permitted; these “should” be accessible in their own right

Dynamic XFA content shall not be included

Annotations (e.g. notes) shall be tagged correctly

Links shall contain alternate descriptions

Media clips (e.g. movies) shall include alt. text

Scripts (e.g. form validation) shall operate in an accessible fashion

Fonts shall be embedded, characters shall have valid Unicode mappings


Section 8: Reader RequirementsProcess all structure types and attributes

Shall make artifacts available to AT

Shall not interfere with any AT feature

Shall announce visible or focus changes from Actions

Navigation via PageLabels, structure and bookmarks

Read alternate descriptions for annotations

Fully process form fields (sequence, value, state, role, type)

Media playback controls made available


What is PDF/UA?

Section 9: AT RequirementsShall have the ability to process and represent all structure types, attributes and key values to the user

Be able to navigate using PageLabels, structure hierarchy (tags) and outlines (bookmarks)

Allow navigation zoom values to be overridden by the user


Takeaway Facts about PDF/UAPDF/UA conformance is the gold standard for accessible electronic documents and software using the PDF format

PDF/UA provides unambiguous technical norms clarifying the correct use of ISO 32000 for accessibility purposes

PDF/UA doesn’t add anything new to PDF (It was possible to create accessible PDF in 2000)

For those already well-versed in PDF accessibility, PDF/UA contains few surprises

PDF/UA makes accessible PDF more economical because it provides clear technical specifications facilitating agreement between software developers


Who supports PDF/UAISO 14289 was published in August, 2012

PDF Association’s PDF/UA Competence Center is developing the “Matterhorn Protocol” validation model

Adobe Systems announced their intent to support PDF/UA

Several other PDF producers and accessibility vendors are planning support for PDF/UA

NetCentric is actively working on PDF/UA support in CommonLook products in addition to WCAG 2.0

NV Access is working towards PDF/UA support in their NVDA screen reader


NV Access & NVDAEstablished in 2007

Mission: To develop open source free software to facilitate access to technology for blind and vision impaired people

2012 WebAIM survey: NVDA is commonly used by 43% of respondents

Supported by PDF Association and NetCentric


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0


What is WCAG 2.0Principles, Guidelines and Success Criteria for achieving accessibility in “web content”

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria are “normative”

WCAG 2.0 Techniques are “informative”

WCAG 2.0 explicitly provides for 3rd party Techniques (for example, PDF/UA)

Includes provisions for multimedia, graphic design and writing in addition to document structure and semantics

Intended to be technology-neutral

Most readily applicable to HTML / CSS / JavaScript


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0


Web Content


Multimedia Scripting Text & Images

Complexity

Navigation & Interaction

Design

PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0


Multimedia

Complexity

Scripting

Text & Images

Navigation & Interaction

Design

Portability

PDF/UAPDF/UA & WCAG 2.0

How WCAG 2.0 is insufficient for PDF

“Web page” isn’t analogous to a PDF “page” (or “document”)

WCAG 2.0 does not regard headings as a navigation feature although headings are vital to AT navigation of PDF documents

WCAG 2.0 does not address fonts, redaction and more

WCAG 2.0 does not address “pre-filled” or “flattened” forms (ie, forms without controls)

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria 1.3.1 is overloaded for internally complex formats; more detail is required for consistent results

At this time the “official” Techniques for WCAG 2.0 lack sufficient detail for software development purposes, and thus fail to provide for reliable interoperability (the key value of PDF)


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0

How does PDF/UA relate to WCAG 2.0?

PDF/UA provides technical detail necessary for conformance with WCAG 2.0 in PDF documents & forms

Subject to requirements for non-PDF content (e.g. multimedia), and design considerations, conformance with PDF/UA means conformance with WCAG 2.0

PDF/UA does not replicate or replace WCAG 2.0

Substantive failure in PDF/UA conformance means substantive failure in conforming to WCAG 2.0

See “Achieving WCAG 2.0 with PDF/UA” http://www.aiim.org/Research-and-Publications/ standards/committees/PDFUA/WCAG20-Mapping


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0

http://www.aiim.org/Research-and-Publications/standards/committees/PDFUA/WCAG20-Mapping

http://www.aiim.org/Research-and-Publications/standards/committees/PDFUA/WCAG20-Mapping

How to Use WCAG 2.0 with PDFUse WCAG 2.0 to specify design requirements

Use WCAG 2.0 to specify multimedia requirements

Use WCAG 2.0 to specify scripting requirements

Use WCAG 2.0 to specify content requirements

Use PDF/UA to procure PDF creation software

Use PDF/UA to specify navigation requirements

Use PDF/UA to create PDF files

Use PDF/UA to verify accessibility in PDF files


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria (Level A)1.1.1 Non-text Content

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only

(Prerecorded)

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded)

1.2.3 Audio Description or Media

Alternative (Prerecorded)

1.3.1 Info and Relationships

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence

1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics

1.4.1 Use of Color

1.4.2 Audio Control

2.1.1 Keyboard

2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap

2.2.1 Timing Adjustable

2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide

2.3.1 Three Flashes...

2.4.1 Bypass Blocks

2.4.2 Page Titled

2.4.3 Focus Order

2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)

3.1.1 Language of Page

3.2.1 On Focus

3.2.2 On Input

3.3.1 Error Identification

3.3.2 Labels or Instructions

4.1.1 Parsing

4.1.2 Name, Role, Value


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0

1.1.1 Non-text Content

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only

(Prerecorded)

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded)

1.3.1 Info and Relationships

1.2.3 Audio Description or Media

✔Alternative (Prerecorded)

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence

1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics

1.4.1 Use of Color

1.4.2 Audio Control

2.1.1 Keyboard

2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap

2.2.1 Timing Adjustable

2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide

2.3.1 Three Flashes...

2.4.1 Bypass Blocks

2.4.2 Page Titled ✔2.4.3 Focus Order

2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)

3.1.1 Language of Page

3.2.1 On Focus

3.2.2 On Input

3.3.1 Error Identification

✔3.3.2 Labels or Instructions

✔4.1.1 Parsing

4.1.2 Name, Role, Value


WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria (Level A)

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria (Level AA)1.2.4 Captio ns (Live). 1.2.5 A udio Description (Prerecorded) 1.4.3 Co ntrast (Minimum) 1.4.4 R esize text 1.4.5 Image s of Text

3.1.2 Langu age of Parts 3.2.3 Co nsistent Navigation 3.2.4 Co nsistent Identification 3.3.3 Err or Suggestion 3.3.4 Err or Prevention

2.4.5 Mu ltiple Ways 2.4.6 He adings and Labels 2.4.7 F ocus Visible


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria (Level AA)

3.2.3 Consistent Navigation 3.2.4 Consistent Identification

1.2.4 Captio ns (Live). 1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded) 1.4.3 Co ntrast (Minimum)

3.1.2 Language of Parts

3.3.3 Error Suggestion✔

1.4.4 Resize text 3.3.4 Error Prevention 1.4.5 Images of Text✔ 2.4.5 Multiple Ways 2.4.6 Headings and Labels ✔ 2.4.7 Focus Visible


PDF/UA & WCAG 2.0



by NetCentric Technologies

CommonLook is a brand of NetCentric Technologies

Dedicated to PDF accessibility

First with 3rd party PDF accessibility software & services

Generating and verifying accessible PDF since 2004

Complete solutions for the entire document lifecycle

PDF/UA support coming soon!


CommonLookCommonLook

Solves PDF Accessibility Problems

PDF Creation Authoring

Preparation

Generation

Remediation Verification

Remediation

Outsourcing

Management Awareness

Management

Training


CommonLook

CommonLook OfficeWorks with Microsoft Word & PowerPoint

Provides complete guidance prior to PDF creation

Creates accessible PDF documents and forms

CommonLook© 2012 by NetCentric - www.CommonLook.com

CommonLook

CommonLook PDFWorks with Adobe Acrobat Professional

Professional-strength checking and correction for existing PDF documents and forms

Powerful, comprehensive table structure editor


CommonLookCommonLook

Why not just use Adobe Acrobat Pro?Automated fix-ups address problems Acrobat doesn’t fix

Detailed compliance reports on objects and pages

Optimized, highly efficient tools make verification and remediation fast and efficient

Methodical workflow ensures nothing is skipped

Advanced Table Structure Editor makes short work of tables, including use of IDs to link TD and TH cells in complex tables

Optional “Speak Text” provides table header information to users whose software does not support tables in PDF


CommonLook

CommonLook ClarityScans websites and folders to locate PDF files

Interrogates PDF files at document, page and object levels

Generates both summary and actionable reports


CommonLook

CommonLook ReportsReport Objects: number of images, tables, form fields, untagged content, pages with color, scripts, etc.

Report Problems: number of images w/o alt. text, tables w/o headers, fields w/o labels, pages failing checkpoints

Report on entire websites or folders (CommonLook Clarity) or individual files (CommonLook PDF)


CommonLook

CommonLook ServicesCost-effective, quick and certain remediation of PDF documents and forms

High-volume capacity (thousands of pages / day)

Guaranteed satisfaction


CommonLook

CommonLook TrainingBasic accessibility with Microsoft Word and PowerPoint

Accessible PDF creation with CommonLook Office

Easing the learning-curve with CommonLook PDF


CommonLook

CommonLook and PDF/UANetCentric has produced accessible PDF files for years; CommonLook tools & services cover most of PDF/UA today

PDF/UA Conformance Services will be available soon

PDF/UA creation, validation and remediation software is under development and will be available in 2013


CommonLook

More InformationCommonLook Solutions

for PDF Accessibility

Duff Johnson, President, NetCentric Technologies © 2012 by NetCentric - www.CommonLook.com

www.CommonLook.com

Demonstration


CommonLook

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The new International Standard for Accessible PDF Technology€¦ · WCAG 2.0 does not regard...

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