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Presented by :

Dick Guiller Guiritan

Delfin

The New MiddleClasses and Religion

in Southeast Asia

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THAI BUDDHISM1 On Sunday morning, people visit theThammakai Temple

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THAI BUDDHISM1 On Sunday morning, people visit theThammakai TempleIt draw a congregation of 50,000participants each year.Their leaders see themselves asBuddhist ReformMovement to improve the lives of theirfollowers.Thammakai provides its followers with aquick

Meditation course to discover and developDharmicspiritual body within oneself.

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IGLESIA NI KRISTO

2 They demand discipline to theirmembersBuilds up the donation from itsmembers.They are expected to be present at servicestwice a weekThey now probably counts from 5 to 7 percentfollowersin urban population , at least on the island ofLuzonTheir typical members are literate, mainly

from urban,and from lower middle class. Generallyspeaking, it is achurch of the common man.

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On Filipino Catholicism

However, the Catholic Church remains to address a slightly highersituated public ofprofessionals, office workers, and urban politicians.Among these members areaffiliated to:

OPUSDEI

Is an organization of the Catholic Church that

teaches thateveryone is called to holiness and that ordinarylife is a pathto sanctity The majority of its membership arelay people,with secular priests under the governance of

a prelate(bishop) appointed by the pope.

KNIGHTS OFCOLUMBUS

An urban confraternity that unites manynotables in town.Often referred as the bishops bank because itis the mainfunding channel of episcopal projects.

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Continuation on Filipino Catholicism

The vast majority who come to Mass are seen as notcommitted members ofthe Church.

For some, the Catholic church is a powerhouse; their devotions,novenas, prayers,Processions are means of securing immediate and future benefits.Some put their majortrusts on:

Some turn to thriving charismaticmovements:

EL

SHADDAI

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JAVANESE ISLAMBEFORE:- Islamic parties and groups are politically

distrusted- Faith fulfillment of Muslim tenets was

unfavorably

commented- Islam was associated with backwardnessand

centered in remote rural pesantren (Islamicboarding

schools)

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Continuation on Javanese Muslim

NOW:- Islam enjoys the favor of the powerful and the performance ofMuslim duties- Schooling is no more a privilege to the priyayi (children of civil

servants,professionals, and administrators). Its expansion has given

rise to thegeneration of modern Muslim intellectuals.

- In New Order Indonesia, Islam is now actively propagated andsupported. Even

Suharto has openly embraced and endorsed the faith.

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CONNECTION BETWEEN

POLITICS ANDRELIGION

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INBANGKOK

Ascetic BuddhistChamlong Srimuang

Ride a wave of moralindignation to the

BangkokMetropolitangovernorshipand nationalprominenceIN

MANILACalled on thepeople tocome to EDSA totopplethe Marcos

dictatorship.

Cardinal

SInININDONESIA

President

Muslims have all beenpraying that Allah maygrantSuharto a sixth term in

thePresidential office

POLITICS

ANDRELI

GION

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MUSLIM:Mass-based Nahdatul

Ulamaassociation underAbdurrachman Wahidavoided the org. to bedominated by the

govt.

RELIGIOUSLEADERSDISSOCI

ATINGFROM

THE

CHRISTIANISM:IGLESIA NI KRISTOis adept in politicalbargaining butstaying out inelectoralcompetition

BUDDHIST:Chamlong PhalangTham embodies theideals of the urbanmiddle class for an

honest government

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The support that aspiring middle-class politicians fromreligious movements

remained nothing or extremely limited at the very least.

Santi Asoke Members and followers of Buddhasa Bhikkhupursue more to religious practices than taking affairs ofthe realm of politics.

There was a vote en bloc from Iglesia ni Cristo for theChurch preferredcandidates.On the other hand, devout Catholics influenced bycardinals preferencesFollowers of Muhammadiyah;s Javanese has the history ofnot committedFor voting the Moslem Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP)party.They are often apolitical

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At present, religious way of life is generally seen as a

personal affair.

Sociologists pointed out that while respecting andtolerating the religiouspractices and commandments of others, society will be in

good order.

So, bynowSoutheast Asia gives rise to a number of mobile people who arelooking for means

To create and shape an identity. This is now the rapid growth ofthe middle class.

GROWTH OF

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GROWTH OFMIDDLE CLASSReligious seriousness may be attractive to some, othersindulge in materialismSometimes they may even choose a religiously-tingedlifestyle if that isfashionable, and often it is.

For others, religion appears to be more ornamental

combined todistinguishable lifestyle.

GROWTH OF

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GROWTH OFMIDDLE CLASS

ISLAMIC

LIFESTYLE

Have their fashionable

blouses

Jilbab sometimesbecome afashion statement ofsorts -Lifestyle and fashion magazine have

discovered aNew market in Islamic dress design.

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GROWTH OF MIDDLECLASS

Religion providesentertainmentand attracts happy crowd

Processions enjoyed greatpopularity

IN THEPHILIPPINES

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IN BRIEF,

While many take theirreligious

duties seriously andconsciouslystrive to live out their faithin aworld of money,materialism,and anonymous urbanmodernity,others merely follow

the fashion of ceremoniesand

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THANK YOU!