The Next Generation of The Next Generation of Tools for Energy Savings Tools for Energy Savings

Advanced Energy Advanced Energy Design Guides: Design Guides:

KK--12 School Buildings12 School Buildings

b

Advanced Energy Design GuideAdvanced Energy Design Guidefor Kfor K--12 School Buildings12 School Buildings

Material to be covered:Material to be covered:

Development of GuidesDevelopment of GuidesWhatWhat’’s in the Guides?s in the Guides?–– Design ProcessDesign Process–– RecommendationsRecommendations–– HowHow--toto--TipsTipsWhereWhere’’s the energy saved?s the energy saved?WhatWhat’’s next?s next?

Development of the GuidesDevelopment of the GuidesCollaboration of Partner OrganizationsCollaboration of Partner OrganizationsManagement via Steering GroupManagement via Steering GroupVolunteer team effort Volunteer team effort 1313--16 Member Project Committees16 Member Project Committees35003500+ + to 5000to 5000++ personperson--hrs to develop eachhrs to develop eachReviewed multiple times during writing Reviewed multiple times during writing processprocess

Goal:Goal:Present Present a way, but not the only waya way, but not the only way to to build energy efficient buildings that use build energy efficient buildings that use significantly less energy than those built to significantly less energy than those built to the minimum code requirementsthe minimum code requirements30% energy savings when compared to 30% energy savings when compared to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1--1999199930% progress toward a net zero energy 30% progress toward a net zero energy buildingbuildingMore advanced savings (50% and 70More advanced savings (50% and 70++%) %) documents to be covered later.documents to be covered later.

Development Objectives:Development Objectives:Content: Specific recommendations Content: Specific recommendations (prescriptive measures) and design strategies (prescriptive measures) and design strategies ((““how to implementhow to implement”” tips) tips) Target market: contractors, design/build Target market: contractors, design/build firms and designersfirms and designersFormat: document should be short, easy to Format: document should be short, easy to use, and should contain use, and should contain ““howhow--toto”” guidanceguidancePublication type: special publication, subject Publication type: special publication, subject to review, not a standard or code to review, not a standard or code Produce a useful document in a timely Produce a useful document in a timely mannermannerUsable for LEEDUsable for LEED

Key Elements of Document and Key Elements of Document and Development ProcessDevelopment Process

A WAY A WAY –– NOT THE ONLY WAY to achieve target NOT THE ONLY WAY to achieve target –– CanCan’’t be all things to all people and cant be all things to all people and can’’t cover all t cover all

possibilitiespossibilities–– Not a standard or a code intended documentNot a standard or a code intended document–– Is intended to serve as initiator of additional ideas for Is intended to serve as initiator of additional ideas for

designersdesignersEnergy is independent variable & costEnergy is independent variable & cost--effectiveness (e.g. effectiveness (e.g. payback) is dependent variablepayback) is dependent variableUser friendly User friendly –– Remember the audienceRemember the audienceServes as a teaching toolServes as a teaching toolSystems integration is critical.Systems integration is critical.

Scope:Scope:Not going to be able to Not going to be able to ““eat the entire elephant of eat the entire elephant of energy efficiency in one biteenergy efficiency in one bite”” –– Scope must be Scope must be manageable manageable Building type and size Building type and size –– initially looked at most initially looked at most prevalent building type prevalent building type -- buildings < 20,000 ftbuildings < 20,000 ft22

Base Criteria:Base Criteria:–– 90.190.1--1999 1999 –– will also compare to 90.1will also compare to 90.1--20042004–– Savings location specific not national aggregateSavings location specific not national aggregate–– 30% was a hard target 30% was a hard target –– plug loads not includedplug loads not included–– Focus on airFocus on air--side distribution using unitary side distribution using unitary

equipment has been expanded to other systems in equipment has been expanded to other systems in KK--1212

–– Need an easyNeed an easy--toto--use, simple and small documentuse, simple and small documentUse practical, offUse practical, off--thethe--shelf technology.shelf technology.

WhatWhat’’s In the Guide?s In the Guide?Foreword Foreword –– A Message to School A Message to School Administrators and School BoardsAdministrators and School BoardsSection 1 Section 1 –– Introduction Introduction –– Essentials of Essentials of Achieving the SavingsAchieving the SavingsSection 2 Section 2 -- Integrated design process to Integrated design process to achieve energy savings achieve energy savings (how to integrate (how to integrate energy into the design of the building)energy into the design of the building)Sections 3 & 4 Sections 3 & 4 -- Recommendations by climate Recommendations by climate zone including example building designs zone including example building designs (the (the specifics)specifics)Section 5 Section 5 -- HowHow--to guidance for implementing to guidance for implementing recommendations recommendations (helpful hints and cautions)(helpful hints and cautions)

Section 2. Using an Integrated Section 2. Using an Integrated Design Approach to Achieve Design Approach to Achieve

Energy SavingsEnergy SavingsA narrative discussion of the design and A narrative discussion of the design and construction process that points out the construction process that points out the opportunities for energy savings in each opportunities for energy savings in each phase.phase.Includes reference tables that leads the user Includes reference tables that leads the user through the process of identifying, selecting through the process of identifying, selecting energy savings measures, and defining the energy savings measures, and defining the responsible party to meet major energy responsible party to meet major energy design goals.design goals.

Integrated Design Approach Is:Integrated Design Approach Is:

Resourceful Resourceful –– Site assessment and Site assessment and selectionselectionMultidisciplinary Multidisciplinary –– A team approach at all A team approach at all phasesphasesGoal Driven Goal Driven –– Quantifiable and Quantifiable and measurablemeasurableIterative Process Iterative Process

Integrated Design Energy Goals Integrated Design Energy Goals Activities and Responsibilities Activities and Responsibilities Defined in the Context of the:Defined in the Context of the:

PrePre--Design PhaseDesign PhaseDesign PhaseDesign PhaseBidding and Construction PhaseBidding and Construction PhaseAcceptance PhaseAcceptance Phase

Section 3.Section 3.Recommendations TablesRecommendations Tables

Given by climate zoneGiven by climate zoneCombined energy Combined energy savings based on savings based on ““systems approachsystems approach””where all where all recommendations are recommendations are usedusedRecommendations Recommendations based upon many based upon many DOE2 and EnergyPlus DOE2 and EnergyPlus simulationssimulations

Recommendations by Climate ZonesRecommendations by Climate Zones

Climate zone Climate zone highlighted on U.S. highlighted on U.S. map in consistent colormap in consistent color

States covered by the States covered by the climate zone are listed climate zone are listed below the mapbelow the map

Specific counties Specific counties within the climate zone within the climate zone are listed for reference are listed for reference (no counties are split)(no counties are split)

Region III Chapter Location Region III Chapter Location -- ZoneZone

Philadelphia Philadelphia -- 44Central PA Central PA -- 55Johnstown Johnstown –– 55Pittsburgh Pittsburgh -- 55Baltimore Baltimore -- 44National Capital National Capital -- 44

Hampton Roads Hampton Roads -- 44Richmond Richmond -- 44Lehigh Valley Lehigh Valley -- 55Delaware Delaware -- 44Roanoke Roanoke -- 44Anthracite Anthracite -- 55

Recommendation TablesRecommendation Tables

EnergyEnergy--saving saving recommendations for each recommendations for each climate zone contained on climate zone contained on single small tablesingle small table -- K12 is 2½ pgsTables colorTables color--coded to mapscoded to mapsPrescriptive Prescriptive recommendations help to recommendations help to achieve energy savings achieve energy savings without costly calculations or without costly calculations or analysisanalysis

Recommendation TablesRecommendation TablesRecommendations must be Recommendations must be used with underlying code or used with underlying code or standard standard Note references to Note references to ““howhow--toto””sectionsection““No No RecRec”” –– means the more means the more stringent of either 90.1 or stringent of either 90.1 or local code requirementslocal code requirementsNote: RECOMMENDATIONS Note: RECOMMENDATIONS GIVEN HERE ARE FROM GIVEN HERE ARE FROM DRAFT KDRAFT K--12 DOCUMENT 12 DOCUMENT ––Look at final document for Look at final document for final valuesfinal values

Prescriptive Recommendations Prescriptive Recommendations Given for:Given for:

EnvelopeEnvelope–– RoofRoof–– WallsWalls–– FloorsFloors–– SlabsSlabs–– DoorsDoors–– Vertical FenestrationVertical Fenestration–– Interior FinishesInterior Finishes

Interior Lighting Interior Lighting ––two optionstwo options–– DaylitDaylit–– NonNon--daylitdaylit

HVACHVAC–– DXDX–– WSHPWSHP–– Unit Ventilator and ChillerUnit Ventilator and Chiller–– Fancoil & ChillerFancoil & Chiller–– Package Rooftop VAVPackage Rooftop VAV–– VAV and ChillerVAV and Chiller–– Ventilation SystemsVentilation Systems–– DuctsDucts

Service Water HeatingService Water Heating

Recommendations for EnvelopeRecommendations for Envelope

Enhanced insulation levels for many assembliesEnhanced insulation levels for many assemblies

WindowWindow--toto--wall ratio (WWR) limited to 35%wall ratio (WWR) limited to 35%

Recommendations on window orientation Recommendations on window orientation –– (An * SHGCn + As * SHGCs) > (Ae*SHGCe + (An * SHGCn + As * SHGCs) > (Ae*SHGCe +

Aw*SHGC) Aw*SHGC)

–– ((minimize window area on Eminimize window area on E--WW))

Exterior sun control recommendations (Exterior sun control recommendations (use of use of overhangsoverhangs))

Envelope Recommendations Envelope Recommendations --RoofRoof

Zone 4 & 5Zone 4 & 5

Insulation entirely above deckInsulation entirely above deck RR--25 25 cici

Metal bldgMetal bldg RR--13 + R13 + R--1919

Attic & otherAttic & other RR--3838

SRISRI No No RecRec

““No No RecRec”” means the more stringent of either means the more stringent of either 90.1 or the local code requirements90.1 or the local code requirements

Envelope Recommendations Envelope Recommendations --WallsWalls

Zone 4Zone 4 Zone 5Zone 5

Mass (HC>7 Btu/ftMass (HC>7 Btu/ft22F)F) RR--9.5 9.5 cici RR--11.4 11.4 cici

Metal bldgMetal bldg RR--1919 RR--13 + 13 + RR--1313

Steel framedSteel framed RR--13 + 13 + RR--7.5 7.5 cici

RR--13 + 13 + RR--7.5 7.5 cici

Wood framed & otherWood framed & other RR--1313 RR--13 + 13 + RR--3.8 3.8 cici

Below grade wallsBelow grade walls No No RecRec RR--7.5 7.5 cici

Envelope Recommendations Envelope Recommendations ––Floors & SlabsFloors & Slabs

Zone 4Zone 4 Zone 5Zone 5

MassMass RR--8.3 8.3 cici RR--10.4 10.4 cici

Steel framedSteel framed RR--3030

Wood framed & otherWood framed & other RR--3030

Unheated SlabUnheated Slab No No RecRec

Heated SlabHeated Slab RR--15 for 24 in.15 for 24 in.

Envelope Recommendations Envelope Recommendations ––DoorsDoors

Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

SwingingSwinging UU--0.70.7NonswingingNonswinging UU--0.50.5

Interior LightingInterior LightingConsiderable attention given to daylightingConsiderable attention given to daylightingDaylighting useful for increased performance of Daylighting useful for increased performance of students and energy reductionstudents and energy reductionDaylit and nonDaylit and non--daylit options given for daylit options given for classrooms and gyms classrooms and gyms Glass divided into view glass (vertical Glass divided into view glass (vertical fenestration) and daylighting glazing (fenestration) and daylighting glazing (sidelitsidelit, roof , roof monitors and combined)monitors and combined)Interior surface reflectance Interior surface reflectance –– 70+% ceilings/high 70+% ceilings/high walls, 50+% on walls < 7walls, 50+% on walls < 7’’

Vertical FenestrationVertical Fenestration(View Glass)(View Glass)

Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

Total Fenestration to Gross Total Fenestration to Gross Wall Area RatioWall Area Ratio

35% Max35% Max

Thermal transmittanceThermal transmittance UU--0.420.42

SHGCSHGC 0.4 all types and 0.4 all types and orientationsorientations

Exterior sun controlExterior sun control(S, E, W only)(S, E, W only)

PF > 0.5PF > 0.5

Interior Lighting Interior Lighting –– Daylit OptionDaylit OptionDaylighting Fenestration to Floor Area RatioDaylighting Fenestration to Floor Area Ratio

Classroom DaylightingClassroom Daylighting Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

ToplitToplit

S Facing Roof MonitorsS Facing Roof Monitors 88--11%11%

N Facing Roof MonitorsN Facing Roof Monitors 1212--15%15%

SidelitSidelit

S FacingS Facing 88--11%11%

N FacingN Facing 1515--20%20%

Combined side and top litCombined side and top lit

S facing% / top%S facing% / top% 66--8% / 28% / 2--3%3%

N facing% / top%N facing% / top% 99--13%/313%/3--5%5%

Gym ToplightingGym Toplighting

S Facing Roof MonitorsS Facing Roof Monitors 55--8%8%

N Facing Roof MonitorsN Facing Roof Monitors 77--10%10%

Interior Lighting Interior Lighting Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

Daylit Daylit OptionOption

Non Daylit Non Daylit OptionOption

Lighting Power Density (W/ft2 max)Lighting Power Density (W/ft2 max) 1.21.2 0.9 0.9 -- Zone 4Zone 41.1 1.1 -- Zone 5Zone 5

Light Source System Efficacy Light Source System Efficacy (mean lumens/watt min)(mean lumens/watt min)Linear Fluorescent and HID Linear Fluorescent and HID 7575 8585All other sourcesAll other sources 5050

Lighting Controls Lighting Controls -- GeneralGeneral Manual On Manual On –– AutoAuto--off off -- all all roomsrooms

Dimming Controls Dimming Controls –– Daylight Daylight harvestingharvesting

Dim fixtures within 15 ft of Dim fixtures within 15 ft of sidelighting and within 10 sidelighting and within 10

ft of toplightingft of toplighting

HVAC Equipment and SystemsHVAC Equipment and SystemsRecommendations for multiple system typesRecommendations for multiple system types

Packaged DX Rooftops or Split DXPackaged DX Rooftops or Split DXWSHPWSHPUnit Ventilator and Chiller SystemUnit Ventilator and Chiller SystemFancoil and Chiller SystemFancoil and Chiller SystemPackaged Rooftop VAV SystemPackaged Rooftop VAV SystemVAV and Chiller SystemVAV and Chiller System

HVAC Equipment RecommendationsHVAC Equipment Recommendations-- Packaged DX Rooftop or DX Split Packaged DX Rooftop or DX Split

-- Air ConditioningAir ConditioningZone 4Zone 4 Zone 5Zone 5

< 65 kBtu/h (SEER)< 65 kBtu/h (SEER) 1313 1313

VentilationVentilation Energy recovery or Energy recovery or demand controldemand control

>65>65––<135 KBtuh (EER)<135 KBtuh (EER) 11.311.3 11.011.0

>135 >135 –– <240 KBtuh (EER)<240 KBtuh (EER) 11.011.0 10.8 10.8

>240 KBtuh (EER/IPLV)>240 KBtuh (EER/IPLV) 10.6/11.210.6/11.2 10.0/10.410.0/10.4

HVAC Equipment Recommendations HVAC Equipment Recommendations -- Packaged DX Rooftop or DX SplitPackaged DX Rooftop or DX Split

-- Heating Heating –– Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

Gas FurnaceGas Furnace

< 225 KBtuh < 225 KBtuh 80% AFUE or E80% AFUE or Ett

>=225 Kbtuh>=225 Kbtuh 80% E80% Ecc

Heat PumpHeat Pump

00--65 KBtuh (SEER/HSPF)65 KBtuh (SEER/HSPF) 13.0/7.713.0/7.7

>= 65>= 65––135 KBtuh (EER/COP)135 KBtuh (EER/COP) 10.6/3.210.6/3.2

>= 135 KBtuh (EER/IPLV/COP)>= 135 KBtuh (EER/IPLV/COP) 10.1/11.0/3.110.1/11.0/3.1

HVAC Equipment Recommendations HVAC Equipment Recommendations -- WSHP System WSHP System –– Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

Efficiency Efficiency CoolingCooling HeatingHeating

Water Source < 65 kBtu/hWater Source < 65 kBtu/h 12 EER @ 86F12 EER @ 86F 4.5 COP at 68F4.5 COP at 68F

4.2 COP at 68F4.2 COP at 68F

3.5/4.0 COP @ 3.5/4.0 COP @ 32/50F32/50F

Ground Source >65kBtu/hGround Source >65kBtu/h 13/16 EER @ 13/16 EER @ 77/59F77/59F

3.1/3.5 COP @ 3.1/3.5 COP @ 32/50F32/50F

Water Source >=65 kBtu/hWater Source >=65 kBtu/h 12 EER @ 86F12 EER @ 86F

Ground Source <65 kBtu/hGround Source <65 kBtu/h 14.1/17 EER @ 14.1/17 EER @ 77/59F77/59F

Gas BoilerGas Boiler 85% Ec85% Ec

Ventilation Ventilation DOAS with either energy recovery or DOAS with either energy recovery or demand controldemand control

WSHP Duct Pressure DropWSHP Duct Pressure Drop Total ESP < 0.2Total ESP < 0.2””

HVAC Equipment Recommendations HVAC Equipment Recommendations -- Unit Ventilator, Fancoil or VAV Unit Ventilator, Fancoil or VAV

and Chiller Systemand Chiller SystemZone 4Zone 4 Zone 5Zone 5

AirAir--cooled Chiller Efficiency cooled Chiller Efficiency (EER/IPLV)(EER/IPLV) 10.0 / 11.510.0 / 11.5 9.6 /11.59.6 /11.5

Economizer Economizer –– Unit Ventilator & VAVUnit Ventilator & VAV >54 kBtu/h>54 kBtu/h

Economizer Economizer –– FancoilFancoil No RecommendationNo Recommendation

Ventilation Ventilation -- FancoilFancoil DOAS with either energy recovery or DOAS with either energy recovery or demand controldemand control

Fans (VAV)Fans (VAV) 1.3 bhp/1000 cfm1.3 bhp/1000 cfm

WaterWater--cooled Chiller Efficiencycooled Chiller Efficiency No RecommendationNo Recommendation

Gas BoilerGas Boiler 85% E85% Ecc

Ventilation Ventilation –– Unit Ventilator & VAVUnit Ventilator & VAV Energy Recovery or Demand ControlEnergy Recovery or Demand Control

Pressure DropPressure Drop Total ESP < 0.2Total ESP < 0.2””

HVAC Equipment Recommendations HVAC Equipment Recommendations -- Packaged Rooftop VAVPackaged Rooftop VAV

Zone 4Zone 4 Zone 5Zone 5

Rooftop Air Conditioner Rooftop Air Conditioner >= 240 kBtu/h>= 240 kBtu/h

10.6 EER / 10.6 EER / 11.2 IPLV11.2 IPLV

10.0 EER /10.0 EER /10.4 IPLV10.4 IPLV

EconomizerEconomizer >54 kBtu/h>54 kBtu/h

Fans Fans 1.3 bhp/1000 cfm1.3 bhp/1000 cfm

Gas Furnace >= 225 kBtu/hGas Furnace >= 225 kBtu/h 80% E80% Ecc

Gas BoilerGas Boiler 85% E85% Ecc

VentilationVentilation Energy Recovery or Energy Recovery or Demand ControlDemand Control

Ventilation and DuctworkVentilation and DuctworkFans Fans –– Constant volume 1.0 bhp/1000 cfm Constant volume 1.0 bhp/1000 cfm Variable volume 1.3 bhp / 1000 cfmVariable volume 1.3 bhp / 1000 cfmEconomizers needed down to 4.5 tons for several system Economizers needed down to 4.5 tons for several system types (DX, VAV, and UV)types (DX, VAV, and UV)Dedicated OA System required on WSHP, FC/Chiller Dedicated OA System required on WSHP, FC/Chiller systemssystemsMotorized outside air damper control requiredMotorized outside air damper control requiredEnergy Recovery or demand controlled ventilation requiredEnergy Recovery or demand controlled ventilation requiredLower duct friction Lower duct friction (design them better) (design them better) (0.08in WC/100 ft)(0.08in WC/100 ft)Interior only ductwork Interior only ductwork (reduce impact of possible leakage)(reduce impact of possible leakage)

Duct insulation: RDuct insulation: R--66Ductwork sealing Class BDuctwork sealing Class B

Service Water Heating Service Water Heating ––Zones 4 & 5Zones 4 & 5

Gas storage (>75 kBtu/h) Gas storage (>75 kBtu/h) –– 90% E90% Ett

Gas instantaneous Gas instantaneous –– 0.81EF or 81% Et0.81EF or 81% EtElectric storage Electric storage ––

EF > 0.99 EF > 0.99 --0.0012* volume0.0012* volumePipe d < 1Pipe d < 1½”½” -- 11”” insulationinsulationPipe d Pipe d ≥≥ 11½”½” –– 11½½ ”” insulationinsulation

Section 4. Case StudiesSection 4. Case Studies

Features real examples of Features real examples of advanced building energy advanced building energy designs used in schoolsdesigns used in schoolsDemonstrates flexibility Demonstrates flexibility offered in achieving offered in achieving advanced energy savings advanced energy savings levelslevelsText describes energy Text describes energy features usedfeatures usedTables given for energy Tables given for energy savings features savings features implemented and implemented and measured energy usage in measured energy usage in each case studyeach case study

Section 5. Section 5. ““HowHow--ToTo”” Implement Implement RecommendationsRecommendations

““How toHow to’’ss”” organized by building systemorganized by building system–– Good design practicesGood design practices

–– CautionsCautions

–– ReferencesReferences

Each Each ““how tohow to”” numerically referenced in numerically referenced in recommendation tablesrecommendation tables

Gives Good Design Practice Gives Good Design Practice –– i.e. The i.e. The ““rulesrules--ofof--thumbthumb”” and and ““should considersshould considers””

A greatly expanded section on daylightingA greatly expanded section on daylighting

Section 5. Section 5. ““HowHow--ToTo”” Implement Implement RecommendationsRecommendations

Bonus SavingsBonus Savings–– Electrical Distribution SystemElectrical Distribution System

–– Plug and Phantom LoadsPlug and Phantom Loads

–– Ground Source Heat PumpsGround Source Heat Pumps

–– Thermal StorageThermal Storage

–– Thermal Displacement VentilationThermal Displacement Ventilation

–– Photovoltaic SystemsPhotovoltaic Systems

–– Energy Efficient Schools as a Teaching ToolEnergy Efficient Schools as a Teaching Tool

–– Exterior LightingExterior Lighting

““HowHow--toto”” Guidance Guidance -- EnvelopeEnvelope

How Much Energy Is Saved and How Much Energy Is Saved and Where Was It Saved?Where Was It Saved?

Simulated buildings at 15 locations to Simulated buildings at 15 locations to estimate the energy used by a building estimate the energy used by a building just meeting 90.1 and then a building just meeting 90.1 and then a building built to recommendations of AEDG.built to recommendations of AEDG.

Representative Climate Locations

Miami 5,000 SF Office

0 50 100 150 200 250

Advanced

Base

Annual Energy Use (kBtu)

LTGCLGHTGFANSWHPLUG

Duluth 5,000 SF Office

0 100 200 300 400 500

Advanced

Base

Annual Energy Use (kBtu)

LTGCLGHTGFANSWHPLUG

Duluth 5,000 SF Office

0 100 200 300 400 500

Advanced

Base

Annual Energy Use (kBtu)

LTGCLGHTGFANSWHPLUG

Energy Saving ImpactsEnergy Saving ImpactsEnergy use simulation approachEnergy use simulation approachWill discuss the results from the Will discuss the results from the Small Office and Small Retail Small Office and Small Retail BldgsBldgswith limited results from the Kwith limited results from the K--1212What is in the baseline building?What is in the baseline building?What is in the advanced building?What is in the advanced building?Energy savings resultsEnergy savings results

Energy Use Energy Use Simulation ApproachSimulation Approach

Baseline Buildings: Baseline Buildings: –– Built to ASHRAE Standard 90.1Built to ASHRAE Standard 90.1--19991999

Advanced buildings: Advanced buildings: –– Built using offBuilt using off--thethe--shelf technologyshelf technology

Buildings modeledBuildings modeled–– 5,000 sf and 20,000 sf office buildings5,000 sf and 20,000 sf office buildings–– StandStand--alone retail and threealone retail and three--store strip mallstore strip mall–– Elementary, middle and high schoolsElementary, middle and high schools

5,000 ft5,000 ft²² Office PrototypeOffice Prototype

Square floor Square floor planplanSingle storySingle storyFrame Frame constructionconstructionUnheated slabUnheated slab20% window20% window--toto--wall ratiowall ratioSingle tenantSingle tenant

20,000 ft20,000 ft²² Office PrototypeOffice Prototype

Square floor Square floor planplan22--storystoryMasonry Masonry constructionconstructionUnheated slabUnheated slab30% window30% window--toto--wall ratiowall ratio3 tenants3 tenants

Baseline BuildingBaseline Building

Comply with Standard 90.1Comply with Standard 90.1--19991999–– Insulation requirements for roofs, walls, floors Insulation requirements for roofs, walls, floors

and slabsand slabs–– UU--Value and SHGC for window glazingValue and SHGC for window glazing–– UU--Value for doorsValue for doors–– Interior lighting power densityInterior lighting power density–– Mechanical equipment efficiencyMechanical equipment efficiency–– Economizer requirementEconomizer requirement

Baseline BuildingBaseline Building

When not specified by 90.1When not specified by 90.1--19991999–– Room thermostatRoom thermostat

Setpoint:Setpoint: 7575°°F cooling & 70F cooling & 70°°F heatingF heatingSetback:Setback: 8080°°F cooling & 65F cooling & 65°°F heating F heating

–– Office equipment plug loadsOffice equipment plug loads–– SchedulesSchedules

Energy Policy Act standards analysisEnergy Policy Act standards analysisRecent research and peer review Recent research and peer review

–– Fan static pressureFan static pressure

Advanced BuildingAdvanced Building

EnvelopeEnvelope–– Enhanced insulationsEnhanced insulations–– Cool roofsCool roofs–– High performance windows and doorsHigh performance windows and doors–– Overhangs for windows except facing northOverhangs for windows except facing north

Interior lightingInterior lighting–– Reduced installed lighting power densityReduced installed lighting power density–– Daylighting harvest for WWR 25% or higherDaylighting harvest for WWR 25% or higher–– Daylighting dimming control on south and north Daylighting dimming control on south and north

perimeter zonesperimeter zones–– Occupancy sensorOccupancy sensor

Advanced BuildingAdvanced Building

Mechanical systemMechanical system–– Higher efficiency unitary equipment in some Higher efficiency unitary equipment in some

climate zonesclimate zones–– Motorized outside air damper controlMotorized outside air damper control–– Demand controlled ventilation (DCV)Demand controlled ventilation (DCV)–– Lower duct friction rate: 0.08 in/100 ft vs. 0.10 Lower duct friction rate: 0.08 in/100 ft vs. 0.10

in/100 ft of standard practicein/100 ft of standard practiceService water heaterService water heater–– Higher thermal efficiency for gasHigher thermal efficiency for gas--fired storage fired storage

water heater orwater heater or–– GasGas--fired instantaneous water heaterfired instantaneous water heater

Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base Building

(Without Plug Load)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Miami

Housto

n Phoe

nix El P

aso M

emphis

San Fran

cisco

Albuqu

erque

Baltimore

Seattle

Boise Chic

ago

Burlingto

n Hele

na Dulu

th Fair

banks

Ene

rgy

Sav

ings

, %

5000 sf Bldg 20,000 sf Bldg

30% Goal Over Standard 90.1-1999

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Miami (Hot) Baltimore (Mild) Duluth (Cold)

Perc

enta

ge S

avin

gs O

ver

90.1

-199

9

Lighting Cooling Heating Fans SWH

36% 36%

49%

Source of Energy Savings5,000 sf Office Building

Source of Energy Savings20,000 sf Office Building

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Miami (Hot) Baltimore (Mild) Duluth (Cold)

Perc

ent S

avin

gs O

ver 9

0.1-

1999

Lighting Cooling Heating Fans SWH

Average Savings Over the 15 Average Savings Over the 15 Climate Climate Cities = 38Cities = 38%%

35%35%38%38%

43%43%

Retail Baseline PrototypesRetail Baseline PrototypesTwo building typesTwo building types15,000 ft15,000 ft22 standstand--alone retail storealone retail store–– 100% general lighting100% general lighting–– Glazing on a single storefront with overhangGlazing on a single storefront with overhang–– SlabSlab--onon--grade foundation with builtgrade foundation with built--up roofup roof

7,500 ft7,500 ft22 strip mall with 3 storesstrip mall with 3 stores–– Store 1 with 100% general lightingStore 1 with 100% general lighting–– Store 2 with 75% general / 25% accent lightingStore 2 with 75% general / 25% accent lighting–– Store 3 with 50%Store 3 with 50%--50% mix of general & accent50% mix of general & accent

Energy Savings of Advanced vs Base Building (including plug load)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Miami

Housto

nPho

enix

El-Pas

oMem

phis

San F

rancis

coAlbu

querq

ueBalt

imor

eSea

ttleBois

eChic

ago

Burling

tonHele

naDulu

thFa

irban

ks

StandaloneStrip Mall

Source of Energy Savings(Stand Alone Retail Store)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Miami (hot) Baltimore (mild) Duluth (cold)

Per

cent

Sav

ings SWH

FansHeatingCoolingLighting

Source of Energy Savings(Strip Mall)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Miami (hot) Baltimore (mild) Duluth (cold)

Perc

ent S

avin

gs SWHFansHeatingCoolingLighting

Prototype SchoolsPrototype Schools

Space Types in Prototype SchoolsSpace Types in Prototype Schools

Space Types Elementary Middle HighClassrooms, Library, Offices,

Cafeteria, Kitchen X X X

Media Center, Computer Lab, Music, Arts/Crafts X X X

Special Ed / Resource, Infirmary /Clinic X X X

Multipurpose Room XXGymnasium X XHall Lockers X XScience Lab X XAuditorium/Theater XAuxiliary Gymnasium X

Elementary - No Daylight

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

V

Baseline

30% - N

o Daylight P

SZ

30% - N

o Daylight V

AV

30% - N

o Daylight P

VA

VSi

te E

UI (

kBtu

/ft2 )

Interior Equipment Exterior Lighting Interior LightingCooling Fans PumpsHeating Water Systems

2A 2B 3A 3B 3C 4A 4B 4C 5A 5B 6A 6B 7A 8A1A

Sample Savings Sample Savings See Future Paper for Final SpecificsSee Future Paper for Final Specifics

In SummaryIn SummaryProvides simple, easyProvides simple, easy--toto--use documentuse documentClear prescriptive path to 30% savingsClear prescriptive path to 30% savingsRecommendations easily found in a Recommendations easily found in a single tablesingle tableHowHow--to tips and Bonus Savingsto tips and Bonus SavingsCase Studies of Actual ApplicationsCase Studies of Actual ApplicationsAverage savings for AEDGAverage savings for AEDG--SR over all SR over all climate zones is 37% relative to 90.1climate zones is 37% relative to 90.1--1999 and 30% relative to 90.11999 and 30% relative to 90.1--2004 2004

AEDG AEDG –– K12 ScheduleK12 ScheduleDocument Approval Document Approval –– August 2007August 2007Publication Publication –– November 2007November 2007

AEDG AEDG –– WHSE ScheduleWHSE ScheduleDocument Approval Document Approval –– September 2007September 2007Publication Publication –– December 2007December 2007

b

WhatWhat’’s After That?s After That?

Goal is to produce two guides per yearGoal is to produce two guides per yearGoal is to complete 30% guides within next 2 Goal is to complete 30% guides within next 2 yearsyears30% for Highway Lodging30% for Highway LodgingAEDGs for Existing Buildings AEDGs for Existing Buildings 50% and Beyond towards Net Zero Energy 50% and Beyond towards Net Zero Energy BuildingsBuildings

Additional Advanced Energy Design Additional Advanced Energy Design Guides Planned or in ProcessGuides Planned or in Process

5050--, and 70, and 70++% Design Guides% Design Guides

50% and 70+% guides are being planned50% and 70+% guides are being planned–– KK--12 School Buildings hope to start soon after 30% 12 School Buildings hope to start soon after 30%

is doneis done–– BigBig--box retail currently being consideredbox retail currently being considered

Strategic planning has been done to provide Strategic planning has been done to provide structure and identification of research neededstructure and identification of research neededAnticipated these will have more emphasis on Anticipated these will have more emphasis on integrated design processintegrated design processTarget for 50% series is 5 yearsTarget for 50% series is 5 yearsTarget for 70+% series is 7Target for 70+% series is 7--10 years10 years

Closing Remarks / Challenges:Closing Remarks / Challenges:

It is still possible to save a considerable It is still possible to save a considerable amount of energy using offamount of energy using off--thethe--shelf shelf technology and good practicestechnology and good practicesThere is a demand for recommendations There is a demand for recommendations going beyond codesgoing beyond codesNeed for giving guidance rather than Need for giving guidance rather than requirements (i.e. requirements (i.e. ““shouldshould”” rather than rather than ““shallshall””).).

Closing Remarks / Challenges:Closing Remarks / Challenges:Much of energy usage is other than heat Much of energy usage is other than heat loss/gain through opaque/insulated loss/gain through opaque/insulated surfacessurfaces–– Larger fraction of savings have to come Larger fraction of savings have to come

from from ““nonnon--opaque envelopeopaque envelope”” measuresmeasures–– Challenge between permanent/fixed Challenge between permanent/fixed

building items and occupant/user itemsbuilding items and occupant/user itemsPerformance Performance vsvs Prescriptive Prescriptive –– Complex interactionsComplex interactions–– Multiple ways to achieve goalMultiple ways to achieve goal

ConclusionsConclusions

Our organizations have heard and are Our organizations have heard and are responding to the requests of members to do responding to the requests of members to do more to giving guidance on how to design, build, more to giving guidance on how to design, build, and operate energy efficient buildingsand operate energy efficient buildingsThe framework has been established for The framework has been established for producing documents which can give this producing documents which can give this guidanceguidanceThe commitment and enthusiasm are The commitment and enthusiasm are tremendous for this type project.tremendous for this type project.

Now What?Now What?

How Obtain?How Obtain?How Obtain?––– www.ashrae.orgwww.ashrae.orgwww.ashrae.org––– www.iesna.orgwww.iesna.orgwww.iesna.org––– www.aia.orgwww.aia.orgwww.aia.org

LEED Points LEED Points LEED Points ––– 4 E&A credits4 E&A credits4 E&A credits