The Norms Of Human Acts

8/11/2019 The Norms Of Human Acts

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Human Acts are directed to their true

end by LAW, and LAWis applied by

CONSCIENCE.

Hence LAW and CONSCIENCE are

directives or Norms of Human Acts.


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DEFINITION

LAW as an ordinance of reason,promulgated for the common good by

one who as charge of a society

-St.

Thomas


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Example:

An act ive and author i tat ive order ingor di rect ing of human acts in

reference to an end to be attained

by them.


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A LAW comes from the wi l l of the lawgiver, bu t

f rom his reasonable wi l l .

A LAW mus t be reasonable; JUST, HONEST,

POSSIBLE OF FULFILLMENT, USEFUL,

PERMANENT and PROMULGATED.

To be reasonab le, to be a true law.


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EXAMPLE:

Made known to those bound by it, and

these are called its subjects. This is a

requirement of law as reasonable, as

already explained. By promulgation a law

is put in application as an authoritativeordinance.


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This is the purpose of the law

A Lawalso differs from a preceptin the fact that alaw is territorial and applies to subjects onlywhile the are in certain place.

Perceptan ordinance issued by public or privateauthority for the particular or private good of

one or several persons.

- Personal and binds its subjects whereverthey may be.


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A Law, then, is for the common or publ ic good .This is the purpose of law. Law is not meant

to impose hardsh ip o r needless rest r ic tion

upon i ts subjects , bu t to promote their good,

and hence to pro tect and promote true libertyamong them .

To p rotect and promote true freedom amongmembers of soc iety in common, by insur ing

the unhampered and unthwarted exerc ises of

f ree acts which w i ll carry man forward to is

proper end .


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Law is for the common good, andsupposes a commonality or community

of subjects; and a community is a

society.


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ONE means a person; single human being or a

body of men united to form the governing power.


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ACCORDING TO THEIR:

IMMEDIATE AUTHORDIVINE LAWS (FROM

GOD) DURATIONTemporal or Eternal

MANNER OF THEIR PROMULGATION

AS THEY PRESCRIBE AN ACT OR FORBID IT

THE EFFECT OF THEIR VIOLATION


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The Eternal Law

The Natural Law

Human Positive Law


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GODs eternal plan and providence for the

universe.

Extends to all acts and movements in theuniverse.

Of all bodily creation, MAN alone may refuse the

direction of the eternal law in matters of freechoice

Governs all things except human acts by

necessity, allowing the things governed no


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Is the Eternal Law as known to man by his

reason.

DO GOOD AND AVOID EVIL

Has its proper sanction.


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Law enacted by Church or State

An ordinance of reason, derived from the natural

law, or making a concrete and determinateapplication of the natural law, promulgated for

the common good by a human agency in charge

of society.


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PRACTICAL JUDGEMENT OF REASON UPON AN

INDIVIDUAL ACT AS GOOD AND TO BEPERFORMED, OR AS EVIL AND TO BE AVOIDED.


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REASONED CONCLUSION

BY PRINCIPLES WE MEAN THINGS KNOWN

WITH CERTAINLY

MORAL PRINCIPLES COME TO THE USE OF

REASON


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IT HAS REFERENCE TO SOMETHING TO

BE DONE

THE REASONING PROCESS ALWAYS

ENDS IN A JUDGMENT, BUT NOT

ALWAYS IN A PRACTICAL JUDGMENT


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THIS JUDGMENT HOWEVER, DOES NOT

INDICATE A COURSE OF ACTION (

PRACTICAL JUDGMENT), BUTENRICHES KNOWLEDGE BY THE

ADDITION OF A NEWLY RECOGNIZED

TRUTH (SPECULATIVE JUDGMENT).

JUDGEMENT THAT COMMANDS,FORBIDS, ALLOWS OR ADVISES,

ACCORDING AS IT DECLARES AN

INDIVIDUAL ACT OBLIGATORY,

PROHIB ITED PERMISSIBLE OR


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JUDGMENT UPON AN INDIVIDUAL ACT AFTER

IT HAS BEEN PERFORMED OR OMITTED.

BEFORE ACTION, CONSCIENCE JUDGES ANACT AS GOOD AND TO BE PERFORMED, OR

AS EVIL AND TO BE OMITTED.

AFTER ACTION, CONSCIENCE IS A

JUDGMENT OF APPROVAL OR

DISAPPROVAL.


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I. WHEN CONSCIENCE IS A JUDGMENT INACCORDANCE WITH FACT, THAT IS, WHEN IT

JUDGES AS GOOD THAT WHICH IS REALLY

GOOD, AND AS EVIL THAT WHICH IS REALLY

EVIL, THEN IT IS CORRECT OR TRUE.

CONSCIENCE THAT IS NOT TRUE IS

ERRONEOUS.

CONSCIENCE THAT IS ERRONEOUS WITHOUTTHE KNOWLEDGE OR FAULT OF THE AGENT IS

CALLED INVINCIBLY ERRONEOUS ORINCULPABLY ERRONEOUS.

CONSCIENCE THAT IS ERRONEOUS THROUGHTHE AGENTS FAULT, IS CULPABLY


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TO FORM ONES CONSCIENCE IS TO GET RID

OF DOUBT AND ACHIEVE CERTAINTY

IN MATTERS OF CONSCIENCE, IT IS NOTPOSSIBLE TO HAVE ABSOLUTE CERTITUDE.

REFLEX PRINCIPLE: A DOUBTFUL LAW DOES

NOT BIND


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A LAW IS DOUBTFUL WHEN

THERE IS A SOLID AND PRUDENT

REASON FOR UNCERTAINTY AS

TO ITS EXISTENCE OR

APPLICABILITY IN A GIVEN CASE.


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A CERTAIN CONSCIENCE IS TO BE OBEYED,

EVEN WHEN INVINCIBLY ERRONEOUS

IT IS NEVER LAWFUL TO ACT WHILE IN

PRACTICAL DOUBT; MORAL CERTAINTY

MUST BE ACQUIRED.

ONLY WHEN DIRECT MEANS ARE

UNAVAILABLE, OR FA IL TO LEAD TO

CERTAINTY, MAY ONE EMPLOY THE REFLEXPRINCIPLE THAT A DOUBTFUL LAW DOES

NOT BIND


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IN QUESTION OF THE LAWFULNESS OR

UNLAWFULNESS OF AN ACT TO BE

PERFORMED OR OMITTED---DIRECT

CERTAINTY BEING UNACHIEVABLE, AND THEREFLEX PRINCIPLE BEING EMPLOYED---ONE

MAY FOLLOW ANY SOLIDLY PROBABLE

REASON (OPINION), EVEN TO THE NEGLECT OF

A MORE PROBABLE ONE.

ONE MAY NOT FOLLOW A PROBABLE OPINION,

EVEN A MOST PROBABLE OPINION, WHEN

THERE IS QUESTION OF A DEFINITE END TO BE

ACHIEVE, AND SURE MEANS TO ITS

ACHIEVEMENT EXIST.

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The Norms Of Human Acts

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