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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Engaging or Enraging?Engaging or Enraging? Sharing Learning ObjectsSharing Learning Objects
Susan E. MetrosDeputy Chief Information OfficerExecutive Director for e-Learning Professor of Design Technology
The Ohio State University
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Agenda
1. The World of Learning Objects2. The Knowledge Continuum 3. Engaging or Enraging? 4. Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Characteristics
Digital Reusable Sharable Stand-alone and media independent Searchable Interoperable Granular and modular Assigned ownership (and a price) Expert or peer-evaluated (ideally)
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
What to label them…
Learning Objects Learning Molecules Learning Kernels Reusable Learning Objects (RLO) Information Objects Knowledge Objects Knowledge Artifacts Sharable Content Objects (SCOs) Digital or Media Assets Content Nuggets
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
What are Learning Objects?
Any digital resource that can be reused to mediate learning.
(Wiley, 2002)
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
What are Learning Objects?
Any digital resource that can be reused to mediate learning …and serve as a nucleus for subject-specific learning outcomes, activities and assessment.
(NLII Learning Object Workgroup, 2003)
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Learning Object Anatomy
Digital Resource
Learning Outcome
Activity Assessment
DrawingPhotographDiagram/MapTextSimulationAnimationVideo ClipAudio ClipMusical Score
Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create
(Bloom, (1956); Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001)
LabelDiagram/MapJournalTutorialCase studyPresentationGameWebQuestExperimentRole playingTroubleshootingDiagnosisComposition
Self-test/QuizEssay/ReportJournalPrognosisHypothesisClassificationPlanVisual representationGame scoreSimulationPresentationPortfolio
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Learning Object Reusability
Digital Resource
Learning Assessment
Learning Outcomes
Learning Assessment
Discipline ADiscipline A
Discipline BDiscipline BActivity
Learning Outcomes
Activity
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Learning Object Reusability
Digital Resource
Label image
Correctly identify remains using
deductive reasoning
Oral AnatomyOral Anatomy
Forensic ScienceForensic ScienceStudy labeled image
Recall names of teeth
Game
Score of the game
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Learning Object Metatags
Digital Resource
Oral AnatomyOral Anatomy
Forensic ScienceForensic Science
TeethDentistryDentinIncisorCuspedMolar Teeth
ColorationPositionDNADental growth
patterns
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Learning Object Ontology
The World of Learning Objects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
Definition Simple, discrete facts and figures
Data organized for a meaningful purpose
A mix of values, experience, contextual information and expert insight
The insightful culmination of data, information, and knowledge collected, digested, experienced and practiced over time
(Davenport and Prusak,1998)
The Knowledge Continuum
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
Container DataWarehouse
Digital Library
Knowledge Repository
The Mind
Container Definition
A collection of a wide variety of data that support decision-making by presenting a coherent picture of business conditions at a single point in time
A discipline-specific collection of digitally-stored information and media
A collection of sharable digitally-stored educational resources and content
The center of consciousness that generates thoughts, feelings, ideas, and perceptions and stores knowledge and memories
The Knowledge Continuum
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
Container DataWarehouse
Digital Library Knowledge Repository
The Mind
Purpose Quickly analyze, plan and react to changing business conditions
Provide a central, virtual location for accessing digital information and media on specific topics
Provide easy access to non-published, reusable and shared digital learning objects
To collect, store and pass on undocumented data, information and knowledge that is enriched by reflection and critical thought
The Knowledge Continuum
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Engaging or Enraging?
Learning objects the buzz within industry, HE instructional technology units, publishers, public service broadcasting, museums, and most recently, library groups
Not yet recognized by most administrators and faculty, nor their traditional educational associations and societies
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Engaging or Enraging?
Higher Education Slow to Adopt
1. Lack of clarity and definition
2. Technology not mature
3. Considered just another short-lived technological trend
4. Higher education is resistant to change
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Academy in the Past and Present
Dis
cip
line
AKnowledge
Dis
cip
line
B
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
C
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
C
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
E
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Academy Transformed
Dis
cip
line
A
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
B
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
C
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
C
KnowledgeKnowledge Repository or Referatory
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Academy Transcended
Dis
cip
line
A
Knowledge
Dis
cip
line
B
KnowledgeKnowledge
Dis
cip
line
C
KnowledgeKnowledge Repository or Referatory
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Additional knowledge contributors and partners Other higher education institutions K-12 school systems Libraries Publishers Museums Arts and cultural centers Public broadcasting stations
Engaging or Enraging?
Academy Transcended
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Advantages Uses technology appropriately Fosters new relationships through sharing content Streamlines process of course development Provides efficiencies related to reusability Makes content widely accessible Customizes learning experiences Engages learners and encourages interactivity Cheaper and more current than textbooks Provides intrinsic rewards for faculty
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
What are the top three reasons for using Learning Objects? 1. To improve quality of the learning
experience
2. To benefit from content reusability
3. To use course materials efficiently
S u r v e y r e s u l t sECAR
Metros and Bennett, 2002
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Disadvantages Vague and confusing definition Difficult to search and locate Creates fragmented concepts GUI inconsistencies Uneven quality Unsettled intellectual property and copyright issues Difficult to maintain Requires time, skill and money Few extrinsic rewards and incentives for faculty
developers Still too new of a concept
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
What are the top three reasons not to use Learning Objects? 1. Concept too new
2. Lack of departmental support
3. Resistance to trying new models
S u r v e y r e s u l t sECAR
Metros and Bennett, 2002
Engaging or Enraging?
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Making the Cultural Shift…
Policymakers/Administrators Champion change “Chip away” at the walls between disciplines Reward interdisciplinary and technology-
enhanced efforts Fund innovation
Technicians Provide reliable,secure,robust technologies
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Making the Cultural Shift
Making the Cultural Shift…
Instructional and visual designers, programmers Partner with faculty in the development process
Librarians Index and catalogue unpublished content
Students Take an active (and more time intensive) role in their
learning Customize their learning experience
Publishers/Vendors “Granularize,” tag and index their content collections
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Making the Cultural Shift…
Faculty Develop new or revise course content to be
digital, modular, multi-modal and interactive Broaden scope of study Relinquish control over what is theirs Unbundle the course design, development
and delivery
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Adoption Characteristics
The rate of adoption increases significantly when innovations possess some of the following characteristics: 1. Simplicity
2. Compatibility with existing methods and techniques
3. Relative advantage in comparison with these established methods and techniques
(Rogers, 1962)
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Adoption Characteristics
Simplicity Use new content instead of repurposing
existing content Shift development to skilled professionals Provide easy access to learning object
collections
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Adoption Characteristics
Compatibility with existing methods and techniques Similar to using existing analog and digital
learning resources Make incremental changes
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Adoption Characteristics
Relative advantage in comparison with established methods and techniques Faculty adoption of wordprocessing (and
email) Meaningful for teaching and learning The time is right!
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Time is right!
19th century: Land-Grant Colleges Act 20th century: GI Bill 21st century: Transformed Learning???
Digital Opportunity Investment Trust (DO IT) http://www.digitalpromise.org/
(Grossman, 2002)
Making the Cultural Shift
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Keep your fears to yourself, but share your inspiration with others.
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894)
Making the Cultural Shift
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
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Get Involved…
NLII Fall Focus Session: Learning Objects October 10, 2003 The Blackwell Hotel
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio http://www.educause.edu/nlii/meetings/nlii034
NLII Learning Objects Virtual Community of Practice For more information, or to request a user account,
e-mail [email protected] http://www.educause.edu/vcop/learningobjects
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THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Contact Information
Susan E. MetrosDeputy CIO and Executive Director for e-Learning Professor, Design Technology
The Ohio State University
614-688-8482