The Ontological Argument1. If the GBI exists in the understanding alone,

we can imagine it existing in reality.2. Existing in reality is greater than existing in

the understanding alone.3. [So] If the GBI existed in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GBI being greater.5. [So] The GBI does not exist in the

understanding alone.6. God exists in reality.

The Ontological Argument1. If the GBI exists in the understanding alone,

we can imagine it existing in reality.2. Existing in reality is greater than existing in

the understanding alone.3. [So] If the GBI existed in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GBI being greater.5. [So] The GBI does not exist in the

understanding alone.6. God exists in reality.

The Ontological Argument1. If the GII exists in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it existing in reality.2. Existing in reality is greater than existing

in the understanding alone.3. [So] If the GII existed in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GII being greater.5. [So] The GII does not exist in the

understanding alone.6. Paradise in reality.

The Fallabilist Response

To analyze a concept X is to give identify the right necessary and sufficient conditions for X.Y is a necessary condition for X just in case something is X only if it’s Y.Y is a sufficient condition for X just in case something is X if it’s Y.Something is X if and only if (iff) .

“knowledge is true judgment with an

account”

The Tripartite Analysis: S knows that p iff S has a true justified belief that p.

The Evil Demon Argument

1) I can’t be certain I’m not being deceived by an evil demon.

2) If (1), then I can’t know anything about the external world.

3) I can’t know anything about the external world.

The Knowledge Thesis: In order to know something you have to be certain (in the sense that you have to rule out all other alternatives).The Fallabilist Response: Knowledge is justified true belief and justification does not require certainty, so knowledge doesn’t require certainty either.

The Evil Demon Argument

1) I can’t be certain I’m not being deceived by an evil demon.

2) If (1), then I can’t know anything about the external world.

3) I can’t know anything about the external world.