THE OPIUM WAR TO THE MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT 1839-1919
Qing Dynasty 1644-1911• It was old! Outdated and
hadn’t industrialized
• Foreign policy relied on the tribute system• Modified mercantilism
• Religious and culture diversity• Lead to strife and rebellion
• Confined Europeans to ports in Guangzhou
• China dictated trade and was still world’s largest economic power
The British import Chinese labor, raw materials, silk, tea, and porcelain.
The Chinese “import” British gold and silver reserves
How are the British going to reverse the flow of British money to China and create a F.B.o.T.?
GB sells opium Abused by Chinese War between GB and China And the winner is?
The Opium War
Who is going to win?
Why?
What is going to happen next?
Why?
Modernized Country vs. Traditional Country
Review of the Opium War 1839-1842
Trade imbalance
Opium is an addicting drug
Qing write GB to stop importation
Opium War breaks out
Smuggled in Opium
By 1835 12 million addicted. From 1729 to 1838 imports rose from 200 to 40,000 chests per year
GB refuse – why?
GB wins – why?
Causes Effects
Treaty of Nanjing - 1842 British receive Hong Kong
Five trading ports open
Extraterritoriality
Opium trade continues
“Unequal Treaty”
During the second half of the 19th century European exploitation continues unabated.
18421898
New foreign policies continue to exploit the Chinese
Area where a nation controlled trade and investment
Japanese and European footholds
US attempt to keep China open
China’s borders open
to merchants of all nations
Sphere of Influence Open Door Policy
What’s going on here? What are you looking at?
Who is portrayed? What is the main idea?
– Adding Insult to Injury– Open Door Policy and Spheres of Influence
AT THIS POINT IN THE STORY WHO IS GOING TO BE UPSET WITH THE STATUS QUO?
Boxer Rebellion: “Death to the foreign devils”
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists•Nationalists attempt to kick out foreigners•Defeated by a multinational force
Result?
Qing weak and divided
Exploitation continues
Carnage of War
"The villages had been burned and looted by the allied columns, the people had fled from their homes... the banks of the Peiho were reeking with the stench from the floating bodies of dead Chinamen.“
- US Army General
WHO IS TO BLAME NOW?After the Boxer Rebellion Chinese lead a popular uprising against the Qing
• •Qing Dynasty ends
• Poor Puyi!• Dr. Sun Yet San (Sun Yixian) forms the new Republic of China• “Three Principles of the People”
• Nationalism • People’s rights (Democracy)• People’s livelihood (economy)
•
1911
A Government in Crisis – Post WWI (1917)
•Ignored at T of V
•Students revolt• Reject old customs and
ways
• Rise in revolutionary thought
• Expulsion of literati• Rise of communist thought
•Country devolving into two factions
• What two groups are going to battle for power?
Student protests at the Temple of Heaven
May Fourth Movement• Student demonstrations • Outrage at Versailles Treaty• Attempt to eliminate old customs/ways from society• First attempt to modernize • Intellectual turning point • Rise of Communist thought
The End…