THE ORCHID REVIEW.

:

THE

N

\5

ORCHID REVIEWDEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY

# # #

VOLUME XV1907

# #

X011D011

MARSHALL BROTHERS,

LTD.,

KESWICK HOUSE, PATERNOSTER ROW,is

E.C

[The right of reproduction

reserved.]

.

Bot. Garden

1908

uo volume

-

We maystill

And

read and read,find

read again, andto

Something

something new please, and something to instruct

.

.

:

Subscriptions for 1907 areVol. XV.

now

due.[No.169.

JANUARY,

1907.

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:Hn 3UustvateoflDontbly 3ourual of rcbiDolog^.

Obituary: Ernest

Pfit/.er

PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY.

53 N PER 5 50N5 m^,

Largest Importers and Growersof Orchids in the World.. . .

William Bull ORCHIDS. & Sons WORLD- RENOWN EDHYBRID, ESTABLISHED AND IMPORTED.Catalogue free on application.

y6

KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA. LONDON.

NOTICESpublished regularly al the beginning of each month, The post free, 7/-, payable in advance. A 6d. net. price can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or bound in cloth, I. to XV. Volumes of postage: book post, od. per volume; parcel post within the United Cost extra. Kingdom only, sd. per single volume (series by weight). Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free through* Advertisements, Communications and Books for review, should All Subscriptions,is

ORCHID REVIEW

be addressed -.The Editor of the Orchid Review, Lawn Crescent, Kew. Postal Orders (sent as above) should be made payable to Frank Leslie Cheques and safety in transit, should be crossed " & Co." Co., and, to ensure

&

Agents for copies supplied through the Trade

E.C.

MARSHALL BROTHERS, Kesw IC k House, Paternoster Row, London, SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.

subjectster

(which

should

be

than the 24th of the month,

CHARLESWORTH & C? HEATON,

BRADFORD.

Raisers, Growers, Importers, and Exporters.THE ONLY EXCLUSIVE ORCHID NURSERIESVery many thousandsot

IN

EUROPE.

ut flowered Hybrid Seedlmga and Imported Orchids always in Stock.

Most Valuable and

Extensive

Collection

in

the

Trade.

THE ORCHIDJANUARY,1907.

REVIEW.

EVENTS OFThe

1906.it

year just closed has been a notable one for Orchidology, though

has not been marked by such a sensational event as the rediscovery of the long-lost Cypripedium or Paphiopedilum Fairrieanum, for which 1905 willlong be famous.In addition to the Hybridisation Conference, in which

Orchids occupied a prominent place, there was the Special Diploma Competition of the Royal Horticultural Society, extending throughout the year,the results of which have been reported in our pages

month by month.

Evidence of the growing popularity of these beautiful plants is also seen in the establishment of an Orchid Society in Germany, which has begun to publish a monthly work under the title Orchis, of which several numbershave been issued.Exhibitions.

The Orchid

exhibits at the fortnightly meetings of the R.H.S. have beenin

above the average, and, we believe, have not been equalledyear, either in extent or excellence.

any previous

Gold Medal has been awarded on thirteen different occasions, while four Lindley Medals and About forty First-class fifteen Cultural Commendations have been given. Certificates and no Awards of Merit have been issued, besides numerous given to plants of special interest, though not showy Botanical Certificates,

The

Society's

enough

for

general

culture.

The Temple Show maintained

its

high

standard of excellence, and the

Summer Show, which

this time returned to

Holland House, Kensington, also witnessed a very fine display. The meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society have also been The large number of Awards have been made. very successful, and a practically went to Orchids, being awarded to Veitchian Cup this yearMessrs. Sander and Sonsfor their magnificent

group of Orchids and new

and rare plants shown

at the

Temple Show.Novelties.

have been described, though the majority good many novelties appeared at an earlier date, and a good many are chiefly of botanical interest. however, is a striking species from Annam, Coelogyne Mooreana,

A

2

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

[January,

1907.

And the which has gained a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. appearance of two new Cattleyas, C. Jenmanii and C. Forgetiana, isdecidedly interesting.

we hope

will

prove as

Oncidium amenableO.

Claesii

is

a very

to cultivation as

handsome species, and O. macranthum, whichis also

belongs to the same group.very handsome.

X

Stanleyi, a supposed natural hybrid,

Saccolabium rubescens and Renanthera annamensis

are

two very pretty introductions from Annam, which country promises to yield Pleione yunnanensis (figured at page a considerable number of novelties. 81) is a handsome thing, previously described from dried specimens, but now introduced to cultivation, and similar remarks apply to Cymbidium insigne, Cypripedium tibeticum, and Disa erubescens. Hybrids.Hybrids have been very numerous, and include two new Odontiodas,O. heatonensis and O. Bohnhoffige, Sophrolselia Phroso, BrassocattleyasMrs. Francis Wellesley, Cordelia, Digbyano-Forbesii,Pyrrha, and

The Baron,

Erotion,

Madame Hye,

Brassolselias

fladosa and

Lelieuxii, Brasso-

epidendrum stamfordiense, Brassocattlaelia balarucensis, elegans-Digbyana and Tring Park Hybrid, and numerous additions to familiar genera whichit

would take too long

to repeat here,

though we must make an exception

in the case of

Odontoglossum.

The hybrids

of this popular genus are

now

rapidly increasing, and theElaine,

past year has seen

some notable

additions,

asO. X Fowlerianum, X

X Eurydice, X Urania, X W. H. Hatcher, X Terpsichore, X ashlandense, X Una, and the interesting secondary hybrid O. X Stewartianum. O. Xan interesting natural hybrid from O. gloriosum and Hunnewellianum. M. Ch. Vuylsteke again staged a fine group of seedlings at theis

Hudsoni

Temple Show, andissue (pp. 240, 241).

eight of the

more striking were figured in our August The handsome O. X Thompsonianum has also been

raised again, while O. platychilum, longlast

known from

plant, has at a singleartificial

been introduced in quantity. A few blotched " crispums " of origin have also appeared, and augur well for future developments.

Certificated Orchids,as already indicated, have been exceptionally numerous, of those which gained a First-class Certificate from

and an

analysis

the R.H.S. during the

year shows thirteen Cattleyas, of which C. Mossiae, C. labiata and C. X Fabia claim two each, eight Cypripediums, five Odontoglossums, four

Cymbidiums,Fowler's var.,

two Brassocattleyas, with Aerides Houlletianum, Arachnanthe annamensis, Bulbophyllum virescens, Coelogyne"

and

(which must be amended to Brassocatlslia Veitchii), Lissochilus Horsfallii a very handsome ^intro-

Mooreana, " Laelio-Brasso-Cattleya Veitchii

duction Sobralia Holfordi, and Sophrocattleya warnhamensis,

var. Cerise.

January,

1907.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.Other Events.mayin

3

Several other interesting events of the year

be mentioned

in

passing.

The"

discovery of Goodyera repens in Norfolk and the rediscovery of Cypriin

pedium Calceolus

Yorkshire have been recorded

our pages, the Mendelian

Laws"

of Inheritance, and Rules of Nomenclature have been discussed, as

well as the question of

Fungus Co-operation

in

Orchid roots

and, by

the

way, has also been

illustrated in our pages.

A good many

of the specially

interesting Orchids of the year have also been illustrated, but considerations

of space prevent us enumerating them, and they are given 384 of our last volume.

in detail at

page

Losses During the Year.has been our melancholy duty to record the decease of several wellknown and highly-respected Orchidists, Count Kerchove, H. M. Pollett,It

J.

E. Vanner, Reginald Young, and G.is

W.

Law-Schofield, while that ofis

Prof. Pfitzer

recordedit

in

our present issue, but their work

in several cases

would be no exaggeration to say that their remembered as long as Orchidology lasts. So much for the past year, which has been one of marked progress. And the future is full of promise. Orchids were never more popular than at present, and the hybridist is abroad, and what he may have in store for usawaited with confidence.

known, and names will be

can be

ONCIDIUM WALUEWA.A noterespecting thehistory ofthis pretty little

Orchid, which was

exhibited by H. T. Pitt, Esq., at the R.H.S. Scientific Committee meeting on November 20th last, may be interesting. It was originally figured and

described by Regel as apulchella (Gartenflora,xl.

new

genus, in 1891, under thet.

name

of

Waluewa

p. 80,

1341,

fig.

1),

being dedicated to Count

P. A. Walujew.

It

is

a native of the Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil,

and was sent by Herr Lietz to the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, where it flowered. It was described as nearly allied to Gomesa. A comparison of characters, however, shows that it is an Oncidium of the pubes group, and .as there was an Oncidium pulchellum, Hook., a native of the West Indies (Bot. Mag. t. 2773), the generic name had to be utilised, and the species was called Oncidium Waluewa (Rolfe in Kew Hand-List Orch. ed. 2, p. 167). It is a very dwarf species, scarcely three inches high, and produces dwarf racemes of whitish flowers, prettily barred with pink on the petals, andspotted on theandProf.JFl.is

lip.

It

belongs to Lindley's group Tetrapetala micropetala,

nearly allied to O. pubes, Lindl., thoughit

much dwarfer

in habit.

Cogniaux has recently referrediii.

to Leiochilus, as L- pulchellus {Mart.

Bras.

pt. 6, p. 450,

t.

94, fig. 11).

R. A. Rolfe.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The

annexed

illustration represents the finefor the

range of Orchid housesrecently

erected

some time agoCastle,

Right Hon. the Earl of Tankerville, at Chillinghamof

Northumberland,

which

we have

learned

a few

particulars from Mr. Hunter.

The range

practically consists of nine houses,

there being a corridor 120 feet in length, attached to a north wall, and

divided into three compartments, and six other houses, each thirty-fivelong, extending from the corridor at right angles,

feet

and running north and

south.

These comprise three Odontoglossum houses, a Cattleya house, a Cypripedium house, and a seedling house, while the three divisions of the corridor are utilised, one for Dendrobiums and Lselias, one for CymbidiumsFive of

tand Miltonias, and the third for a resting house during the winter.

the houses, as will be seen, are span-roofed, and are fifteen feet wide, the

Fig.

1.

Orchid Houses at Chillingham Castle.which and end. Thusare four feet

glass roof resting directly on the brick walls,

high and

furnished with shutters in the sides

all the light

comes

from the glassstates that

roof, including the

ends above the walls,

and Mr. Hunter

These he finds Orchids do much better in houses of this kind. houses have side and centre stages, the former two feet nine inches wide,

and the

latter five feet,

and arranged

in steps, so that the plants

fall

accord-

ing to the slope of the roof.

framework.

Thereis

is

on an iron The stages are of teak, resting coke, while a bottom stage, covered with a layer ofof teak rails, fixed

the upper stage

made

of a free circulation of air.

two There are five rows of hot-water pipes

so as to permit inches apart,in

each

house, these branching from a single pipe running throughout the corridor,

and

all

acting as flows

and

returns.

There are two very powerfulis

boilers,

called the " Ideal," but onlyalternately for a

one

used at a time.

They

are workedagain.

month

at a time,

and cleaned before being started

January

1907.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

5

The houses

upon thoroughly up-to-date principles, and with an enthusiastic owner and such excellent appliances we may anticipate that the collection under Mr. Hunter's charge will occupy a very importantare constructed

position in the near future.

Richardson

&

Co., of Darlington.

VARIATION IN ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.rtant article

bv M. A. Poirier appears under the above

t

to leave the finer varieties and purchase the poorer ones.tion that the

And

the explana-

more numerous

varieties of recent

years

is

due to the abun-

Hunnewellianum and O. triumphans, which are the equivalents of O. luteopurpureum and O. gloriosum in the Pachodancein the

new districts

of O.

district, is

too erroneous to be passed over.is

O. luteopurpureum, he remarks,

strictly limited to the Cordillera of

Suma and O. Xtheseen, as

Paz, or to the south (Fusagasuga), while O.

Hunnewellianumis

Adrianae

come from

the Velez region, and every grower of experiin

ence would refuse collections of O. crispumits

which luteopurpureum

presence would be an indisputable proof that the crispums will

be pure Alexandras, the form with small, starry-like flowers from the Fusagasuga region. True, large consignments of the bad Fusagasuga type have been sent to Europe as being the finer type from the Velez region, butthe explanationin appearance,is

simple.

The Fusagasugafor

plants are found abundantly

over the whole region, and can be obtained cheaply.

They

are charming conicalto

and are admired

their vigour,

and

their long,

bulbs, flattened at the neck.

They

are

transported to

Pacho and

Chiquinquira, and sold to ignorant collectors at a good price.is

The

trick

highlv successful

;

native dealers are usually unscrupulous, and find that

they have an easy source of income, and the satisfaction of deceiving thestranger

who

relies

only on their word.

The

writer himself, about three

years ago, saw about twenty cases of Fusagasuga crispum on the

way

to

Chiquinquira.

The

fact of these inferior types being

mixed with aThere

large

proportion of the good type from the Velez region explains the large proportion of star-shaped flowers found in collections of crispum.is,

he

remarks, no luteopurpureum in the Velez region.

6

THE ORCHID REVIEW.Thewriteris

[January,

r

9o 7 .

by Mr. Crawshay's remarks about the "districts," San Cayetano, Pacho, La Vega, Chiquinquira, Velez, &c, and the different types found there, and he remarks : " I am familiar with and have traversed these regions, and I would state : i. That in all therather puzzledlocalities

mentioned

except

Chiquinquira

the

sugar-cane thrives, thus2.

indicating a very different climate to that required by O. crispum. there has never yet been seen one crispum in either of these

That

localities..

These

'

districts

'

are but small towns or villages, where, according to their

wont, collectors apply for the special commodity which they are seeking.. Plants are brought to them, which they have but to count over and purchase. This is done by Indians, who range the mountains, upon whichthe collectors themselves never set foot.'

These

travellers then, finding the

posadas

'

more or

less

comfortable, the price of the plants

more or

less high,,

materials for their packing cases times governed by their ownsuccessively at Pacho,

more

or less easily procurable,only,

and someandsettle

wishes

move

about,

La Vega, &c. The favourite districts now are Velez, Bolivar, and Jesus-Maria, new districts,' but not more new than others, as a glance at a map shows that all are adjacent to a small part of the'

whence the true crispums have always been procured. In this part of the Cordillera, and not north, south, east, or west of it, crispum isfound.

Cordillera,

The

centre of the region of crispum

is,

to be exact,is

Sucre Viejo,

formerly called

La Granja by

the natives.

This

a hamlet of from 12 to

15 huts, at an altitude of about 2,500 m., and for years it has been the starting point for explorations in search of crispum." This the writer terms the one and only " district " for crispum, and he asks why Mr. Crawshay

did not mention the districts of Zipaquira, Bogota, Tacatativa, and

Aquafor

some years collectors have quietly waited the plants brought from Sucre Viejo and the neighbourhood ? Concerning the so-called Pacho type," M. Poirier remarks thatfor

Larga localities whence

the

search for O. crispum began towards the south of the region just described. Then, gradually, exploration was pushed good

northward,

and some

'

appear.

At that time Pacho was the meeting-place of

the collectors

;

came thereitself.

and

to sell these

often to

Bogota

from the collector the exact habitat of the plant. Hence the origin of the rme types 'from Pacho,' &c. Collectors, thus mistaken, declare, in all good faith, that a certain variety is from Pacho or elsewhere. But if they went over these mountains they would at once perceive that the plants all came irom one relatively small district around Sucre Viejo. This is the only region yielding, of lateyears, those fine varieties

These intermediaries were careful

w

,

witnessed the purchase of many admirable 1 collector for one of the largest trade growers in England. These

Last year.

now

so

much

affected.

anuary, 1907.J

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

7

may safely be affirmed, from the mountains named Pena Bonita, Pelycadero, La Granja (Sucre Viego), Campo hermoso, &c, a large tract that has belonged since 1898 to the Adonado Rubber Co., Ltd." The meancame,it

temperature of these mountainspersistent throughout the year):

is

given as follows

(and

is

said

to be

At 2000 metres (Cold temperate zone), ioC. (50 F.j to (Cold zone), 8C. (46F.) 2400 5C. (4i*F.) ., 2800 ( ), Q (Very cold zone), oC. {$2 F.). 3000 ,, ,,..

202C. (68F.).i8C. (64F.).

I5*C. (59*F.).u^'C.154^1'.).

"

It

is

towards an altitude of 2400 to 2500

metres that the

finest

varieties are usually found.

The

climate

is

fairly

mild, and insects are

numerous.

Of

late years

crispum has been sent from the mountains of theThis accountsfor a

cold and very cold zones, where there are no insects.scarcity of varieties

and a scarcity of fecundated flowers. Last year, on the contrary, a somewhat large quantity of fertilised flowers was found among the plants from the cold temperate mountains, a considerable number being of the finer varieties. At an altitude of about 2400 metres O. Adrians and O. Hunnewellianum are found." The author makes some remarks about hybridisation, admitting the possibility that some of the spotted forms may be hybrids between crispum and Adrianse, and he alludes to Andersonianum, Coradineiand Ruckerianum as species, though they are clearly natural hybrids, but this point may be passed over. The author concludes by saying that it is the Velez region " which has yielded, and will yield, perhaps for a long time to come, the best type of O. crispum," including many specimens of roseum, and he finally remarks : " I beg M. de Barri Crawshay to believe that I do not in the least impugn his good faith, but it is necessary, nevertheless, toexplain the true state of the case.

"Cypripedium Record. The Earl

of Tankerville,

at

Chillingham

Castle, has succeeded in flowering a Cypripedium, the result of crossing C.

X Leeanum Clinkaberryanum andmonths fromandseeds.

C. insigne Harefield Hall, in eighteen

Mr. Hunter, the. '

head;

gardenerflowered,

at

Chillingham1906.'

Castle, sends the record

Sown May, 1905

November,

no doubt about the identity of the fine hybrid just flowered, as but few were sown before that date, and none which could be confounded with the cross in question. Another plant of the same batchstates that there can beis

about to flower, and

it

will

probably be shown at a meeting of the Royalto flower

Horticultural Society.

The

first

would have been shown butii.

for

the bloom sustaining an accident."

Gard. Chron. 1906,

p. 385.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

L^LIO-CATTLEYA PHRYNE.L.ELio-cattleya Phryneraised by Messrs.is

a very beautiful hybrid which

was

James Veitch & Sons from Cattleya Wars