The organization of the nervous system

Structure of the human cerebral cortex

Structure of the human cerebral cortex

Sensory map

Structure of the human cerebral cortexMotor map

Neuromuscular junction

Neuromuscular junction

How to manipulate it ?CurareACh-ase inhibitors Myastenia gravisBotulinum toxinPesticides

Parkinson’s diseaseBasal ganglia

Parkinson’s diseaseMost common symptoms

Shaking (tremor) at Rest

Stiffness (rigidity)

Slow Movement (bradykinesia)Balance Problems (postural instability)

Multiple sclerosis

Myelin

Multiple sclerosis

Demyelination

Multiple sclerosisProgression

AMLAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

(Lou Gherig disease”)

Mutation or defect in neuronal SOD activity

Excess oxidative stress to neuronal mitochondria

Degeneration of motor neurons

Paralysis – muscular atrophy

Exacerbated by glutamate neurotransmitter activity