The Passion of World Politics : Propositions on Emotions and Emotional Relationships - Neta C....

8/19/2019 The Passion of World Politics : Propositions on Emotions and Emotional Relationships - Neta C. Crawford

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The Passion of World Politics: Propositions on Emotion and Emotional RelationshipsAuthor(s): Neta C. CrawfordSource: International Securit y, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Spring, 2000), pp. 116-156Published by: The MIT Press

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5/42

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on m P r on f r r hu r n form d n o nx y for h n

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n r n o n u r y Vo 1 8 N o 4 p r ng 19 94 p p 5 3 9

20 M or g n hu P o mo ng N o n p 1 25 M or gn h u r gu Qu v y h mo o n

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8/42

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o o o k fo r m o o n 2 8 Ro n d J p p r on A x n d r W nd n d P r

K n n y h h r n n rn o n u ur nv ronm n h n

23 J oh n Do w r W r w h o u M r y R n d Po w r n h P f W r N w Y or k P n h o n 1 98 6

M r r Appro h n gEmo o n n n r n o n P o rgu h h pro ong d h w r

2 4 Jo hn Do r d L on r dW D oo b N M r O H M ow r n dR ob r R r n o b or

o nw h C n d F or d C r v r H ov r n d n d R h r dT u n br g r Fr u r o n nd

A gg r o n N w H v n C o nn Y U n v r y 1 93 9 n d Ko nr d L or n O n Ag gr o n N w

o rk B n m P r 1 96 7

25 H r od L w W or d Po n dP r on n u r y N w Yo rk F r P r 1 96 5 p 5 7

Morg n h u V g nd L w d d no n r y u ppo d h o omy b w n mo o n nd

r o n y h ou gh Mo rg n h u d d r h u mp o n of r o n y

2 6 A h oug hH r br mo nd n gu h d u b n v o r d y p r o n d o nm k ng

from p ro d ur r on y m ph n g ogn v m mo o nw no p r o f h dom

n n f r m wo rk m on H um n N u r n P o T h D o gu o f P y h o og y w h Po

n Am r n P o n R v w V o 79 N o 2 Jun 1 985 p p 293 304

2 7 M r h F n n m or n d K h ry n k k n k n r n o n N o rm D yn m n d Po

C h ng n r n o n O r g n o n V o 5 2 N o 2 A u um n 19 98 p p 88 7 91 7 p 9 1 6

28 M r r Ap pr o h ng Emo o n n n r n o n P o p 2 3




9/42


ud mo on r on hp p f y n r n on p rn of m y

n d nm y 2 9 Koh n b oh k mp h y r o u y nd mp o pu

n o r on or fr m wor k p f y K oh n r gu h mp h y nd

mp h n rd pnd n p y ubord n r o o r on n r nd

h ugg h f gov rnm n d f n o n of f n r n orpor m

p h y h yw b mor b h no h rw o o n ru n r n on r g m

n h r d n r w b gr r 30 R h rd Ror y rgu h mp h y

n fu n r p fo r hum n r gh T h m r g n o f h h um n r gh

u ur m o ow n o h ng o n r d mo r k no w dg n d v ry h ng

oh r ng d nd n m n or 31 Th r po n y mpor n

rgum n wh r m n h d v o pm n n d v u on of oh r n

o un o f p o n r o n w or d p o

Df nng Em o on

Wh m ny b v h C hr D rw nw h f r o y m y u dy

mo o n h mp d o d r b h x pr o no fu nv r h um n m o

on n d o h r n d n n o hr p ho r h v ong und r

k n o df n n d gor mo on b oog ph o oph r

n hropo og o o og nd p yh oog h v n o g r d on ng

d f n o n of m o o n Mo r ov r h r d gr m n bo u wh h f n g

o un m o on r gu mn b ou h b o o g o mp on n o f mo o n n d

v n o nrov r y bou w h h r bo og h ng o d w h m o on

g r p d b r h n g n dh r b p r d o rf o ow o gn o n Th d

gr m n h v d p h or roo

A r o H ppo r n do h r Gr k p h o op h r n d ph y n p ok

of m o on do h L C h Ch n n y o pd f rom h f r n ur y

B C Ar o d f nd m o on h o h ng b y h r on of wh h m n dff r

w h r g r d o h o ud gm n w h h p n n d p u r o mp ny 3 2 Th o r g n

2 9 Ro n d L J pp r on A x n d r W nd n dP r J K n n No rm d n y n dC u ur

nN on ur y n K n n d T h C u ur o fN on ur y N w Yor k Co umb

n v r y P r 1 99 6 p p 33 7 5 p 3 4

30 K o h n E mp h y n d n r n o n R g m p 2 36

31 R h r dRor y H um n Rgh R on y n d n m n y n ph n h u nd u n

H ur y d O n Hu m n Rg h T h O xf or d Am n y L u r 1 99 3 N w Yo rk B B oo k 1 9 93

p p 11 1 13 4 p 1 1 8 o J o n C T ro n o M or B ou nd r A P o A rg um n f o r n E h

of C r N w Y o rk R o u d g 1 9 9 3

3 2 Ar o T h A r o f Rh o r r n w h n n r o du o n by H ug h L w on T n r d N w Y o rk

Pngu n 1991 p 1 41 m ph n or g n E wh r Ar o d F or h by n ur v

w ho p b o f b o ng ng o n o h r n d h w hy h d o o b o ng n dw ho p r p

n r o n of r o ppr h nd bu n o o po for h n m o h r h n mn r




10/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 24

o f h E n g h w o rd m o o n r f ou nd n L n n d F r n h x pr o n f or

m ov n g fr om o n p o n o h r n d x n g or r r ng u p Em o o n w

o u d o d r b po or o g on n dpopu r d u rb n

on m por ry d on r g v d fn on n p hr k g on of h

p on or n b of n n vo v ng phy o og h ng Th ond

d o n of h O xford Eng h D on ry d r b mo o n m n f ng

or f f on g o f p u r o rp n d r o r v r on u rpr h op o r

f r d ngu h d from ogn v o r vo on of on ou n

Aff d r b d f ng d r or pp oppo d o r o n

u h h r r on r v g u how v r n d m u n ou y r produ h

o nv n o n v w h mo o n r u n on o u b y on d n o r o n r o

nd p r f ro m o gn o n

Fur h r Jon E r y Th k of g r m n b ou w h mo o n r

pr d by k of g r m n on wh mo o n h r r 33 Ar o

d u n mo on ng r f r h m n dgn o n nvy ou y m

f r nd h p f vo r n d p y D rw n u d d h x pr o no f nx y g r f

d on d p r o y ov d v o on mp r u kn d rm n on

h r d ng r d f n on m p d g u gu pr d h m nd mod y 34

A h oug h on m po r ry p y ho og o do no g r o n o f mo o n

n r n y r m ny hv d on b mo on n ud ng ov

r n g r oy dn nd h m 35

D ff u n d fn o n nd gor on r v n gr r n omp r v

fr m wo rk A r o n dD r wn r gu d h mo o n w r u n v r y r

ogn d n d b y h m ro u ur nd r n r r hh n

r on g up po r o h v w 3 6O h r h o r h p ho w h mo o n n d

mo o n gor r hough o fbo h m r y nd dff r n y r o u

ur 37 J m R u r gu h d ff r n ugg u o nwh n p k n g

of un vr mo on om wr r um h mo on h v o b

ub r v n no o r o n bu o f ng Ar o Po r n H R k hm C mbr dg M

H r v rd U n v r y P r 1 99 0 p 2 3

3 3 Jo nE r A h m o f h M nd R o n y n d h E mo o n C m br dg C m br dg U n v r y

Pr 1 99 9 p 2 4 1

34 C h r D r w n T h E xp r o n of Em o o n n M n n d An m C h g o U n v r y o fC h g o

P r 1 87 2 19 65 o P u E km n d D r wn n d F E xpr o n A Cn u ry of R r h n

R v w N w Y or k A d m P r 1 97 3

3 5 A ho r ov r v w R n do ph R C or n u T h n o fE mo o n R r h n d Tr d o n n h

P y ho o gy o f Em o o n Up p r d d R v r N J P r n H 1 99 6

3 6 Fo r x m p P u E k mn T h F o f M n Ex pr o n o f Un v r E mo o n n N w G un

V g N w Y or k G r n d T P MP r 1 98 0

3 7 R h r d h w d r T h C u ur P y ho ogy of h E mo o n n M h L w n d

J n n M H v n d d T h H n db oo k of E mo o n N w Y or k G u fo rd P r 1 99 3 p p 4 17

431




11/42

h P o no fW or d Po 1 25

f d w d o n En g h n rm o f ng r f r nx y d pr on nd

o on f E ng h n gu g g or r g rd ng m o o n r n o u nv r h n

h v n ogu r n h mo o n n gr f r n d oon r b for un v r

b oo g y fx d gor of n ur R h r h y r hypo h formu d

b your n gu n o r 38

D g r m n on h d fn on of m o on nd wh h r h r r b nd

u nv r mo o n g o o d p u o n of on o og y m h od n d h or y

hu m po b n hor r o propo nd u fy d f n o n of

m o on h o vr h g ro un dr u r d o d v o p h o ry of m o o n

for wor d po n d o ff r mp d f n o n d g n d o b g no

bou h our nd o n u n of m o on Emo o n r h nn r

h nd vdu d r b o oh r f ng nd ho f ng m yb o d

w h bo og ogn v nd bh vor nd h ng Thu mo on r f r

of ub v x p r n h o h v phy oog n r ub v nd

u ur ompon n F ng r n r n y x p r n d b u h m n ng

h d o ho f ng h b hv or o d w h hm n d h r og

n o no f mo o n n o h r r o gn v y n d u u r y o n r u d n d

on r u d F ur h r h um n h v mo o n r o n hp w h on n oh r

h r h r r d by h yp nd d gr of m o on nvo v mn

mo o n r on h p m yb n u r o r h r r d by d gr of m p hy

or n p h y nd o on F n y h r r d ff r n v of m o on r ou

Th p ro v o n d f n o n h ou d b d b d n d m pr ov d A f r h f o o w

n gr v w o fb o og o gn v p y ho dy nm n d o r nn g h o

r of m o on h v r u o f mp d f n o n o n n ng f w ump o n

h o u d b p p r n

Co nf n g Th o r o f Em o o n

T h or o f h o u r o pr o n n d o n u n o f mo o n r f ou nd

ov r h d p nry m p Ar o M h v D r p no nd

Hu m r p ro b b y h m o f m ou p h o o ph r w h o d u d m o o n

3 8 Jm A Ru C u ur nd h C gor on of Emo o n P y ho og Bu n V o 110

No 3 N ov mb r 1991 p p 42 6450 p 4 44 m ph n or gn o Ru T hr

U n v r R o g n o n o f Em o o n fr om F E xp r o n A R v w o f h C ro C u u r u d

P y h o og B u n V o 1 1 5 N o 1 J n u ry 1 99 4 p p 1 02 1 41 P u E km n r on g

Ev d n f or Un v r n F Expr on A R p y o Ru M k n Cr u P y ho og

B u n V o 1 15 N o 2 M r h 19 94 pp 2 68 2 87 C r ro E r d n n n dU nv r F

E xp r o n E vd n fr om D v o pm n n dC ro C u ur R r h P y ho og B u n V o

1 15 N o 2 M r h 1 9 94 p p 28 8 29 9 n d L nd C m r E b h A H o n d n d M ry J

P r o n F E xp r o n n L w n d H v n d T h H n d bo ok o f Em o o n p p 1 99 2 08




12/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 26

Ar o w m o on om h ng h ou d b mn pu d by rh o r n d

h wou d o ff h r p on of rgum n Ar o w o n r y

ogn v For n n h wr bou f r r n x p on of

un drgo ng o m d r u v xp r n 39 R n D r n P on o f h

o u v w d m o on b oh b o og n d og n v w h m o on fo o w ng

p r p o n And k P o K n r d ro for p on n r on w h

D v dHum rgu d h o ppo R on n dough o ny o b h v

o f h p on nd n n v rpr n d o ny o h roff h n o r v n d

o b y h m 4 0

T h or o f m o o n n p y h oo gy r d n gu h d b y h r u mp o n

bou h our nd o n u n of m o on 41 D p h d om n n o f

o gn v p pr o h mo r g n r y n p y ho og yd ur ng h r h f o f

h w n h n ury b o og or n u r on p o n o f mo o n r h

o d n d h m o d ur b v ov ng fr om h n n G r k w ho h oug h

m o o n w r u d b y h um ou r n d b k b o m od r n n ur o h m r y

For W m Jm mo on w r bod y n on F r ud r o En n

r u b oog v w of mo on wh nh r d h w r on

u n of n v n n for h r d nd d r u on oppo d o h

ov n n 42

D r w n r y w or k on m o o n p u m o o n n d m o o n x pr o n

n n v ou o nry b oogy p rp v H on r n u n gwh h w h

on n u y of m o on xpr on b w n n m nd hum n w o

h ow n v o u on r y n k b w n n m n d hu m n m o o n Co n m po

r r y v o u o n ry b o og h v o n n u d o o m p r n m n d hu m n

mo o n n d b h v or r gu ng h mo o n r fu n o n o r d p v F or

3 9 Ar o T h Ar o f Rh o r p 1 55

4 0 D v d H u m A T r o f Hu m n N u r O xf or d O xf or d U n v r y P r 1 97 8 p 4 15

o R ob r C o o mo n T h P h o o p hy o fE mo o n n L w n d H v n d T h H n d bo ok o f

E mo o n p p 3 1 5 n d W m Ly on A n n r od u o n o h P h o o p hy o f h E m o on n

K T r on gm n d n r n o n R v w o f u d o n Em o o n V o 2 N w Y or k J oh n W y n d

o n 1 9 9 2 p p 2 9 5 3 13

4 1 F or m or o n d f n o n n d h o r o f m o o n n p y h oo gy P u E km n n d R h r d J

D v d o n T h N u r o f E mo o n F un d m n Q u o n N w Y o rk O xf or d Un v r y P r 1 99 4

n d C rr o E r d J r om K g n n d Ro b r B Z o n d E mo o n C og n o n n d B h v or

C m br d g C m br d g U nv r y P r 1 98 4

4 2 g mu nd F r ud W hy W r n L o n Br m o n n d G or g W G o h d W r u d

f ro m P y h o og y o o o g y n d An h r op o og y N w Y o rk B B oo k 1 96 4 p p 7 1 8 0 p 7 6

o A n ho ny v n T h R oo o f W r A Ju ng n P r p v N w Y or k P r g on H ou 1 98 9

Tho nf u n d by Fr ud mo o n n d mo o n r on h p on u n o f bo h

p y ho og d v opm n n d r on h pdyn m For n n V mk D Vo k n D

m r o A J u u n dJ o ph V M on v d T h P y ho dyn m o f n r n o n R o n hp

V o 1 C o n p n d Th o r L x n g on M L x n g on B oo k 1 9 90




13/42

T h P o n of Wo rd Po 1 27

x mp h f un on of f r w h h n ud phy o og h ng u h

r p d h r b o pr p r n m f or f gh n g or ru nn ng w y 4 3

B o og o rn u r h o r o f mo o n r on gy n fu n d p y h oo g

h o r mo vn gm ny ud n o f mo o n o x m n v r m r ph y

r u ur u h h h yp o h m u m yg d n d x n d d myg d

n h h um n br n n dn ur o h m m no d h or mo n n dn u ro

modu or p ro w h n n db w n 44 For x mp om r

r hr b v h p ho og nx y or f r h x gg r d n

propor o n o h f rfu mu u rong r r on of h m b r n

r u h r n vo vd n norm f r r pon u h r u o d n h

mygd m y d p y h gh n d r p on o f r fu mu r u o f

p y ho og r um o rr p d x po ur o r fu mu Th hyp r

x b y o r n on of f r r u r d o or u d by h

p r or o n of n u ro p p d n d ho rm on 4 5 Pr o r x p r n o r r u m

m y h ng h b o ogy of h b r n ff n g r m o on nd o gn v

r on nd b hv or h b r n rn o b f r fu h v ng on or r p d y

xp r n d gr f r Fur h r f r nd ng r r o y r d h b o

og v

An x mp n n r n on r on h or yof n ur ppro h o

mo on o uppo h on k nd d hn o r n on h r d r p rm

nd h n b don b d p r ng n gon o dffu u h

f n g A Jo hn M r h m r n d ph n V n Ev r r gu d w h r g rd o

po b m n of h 1 999 w r n Ko ovo P r d n C n on

4 3 R ob r P u h k A G n r P y h o vo u o n r y Th o ry o f Em o o n n P u h k n d

H n ry K r mn d E mo o n T ho ny R r h n dEx pr n V o 1 T h or o fE mo o n N w

Yo rk A d m Pr 1 98 0 p p 3 33 P u D M L n h d r b d hum n h v ng r un

b r n w h r p n p om mm n nd n om mm n ru u r Th p om mm n p r

of h b r n h r gu n nh r n of ow rm mm nd h of h ypo h d mb

y m wh h o m vo u on ry bo og b v h b oog of mo on M L n

n o ry n d P r p v F o r n E mo o n F un o n of h T ru n Br n n Am Ok n b rg

R or y d E xp n n g Em o o n B r k y U n v r y o f C f or n P r 1 98 0 p p 9 3 6

4 4 A ho r ov r v w n d yn h R o B u k T h B o og Af f A Typ oo gy P y ho og

R v w V o 1 06 N o 2 A p r 1 99 9 p p 3 01 3 36 H um n w h n o gn v f u n o n b u w h

mo o n p ro n g p r o f h r b r n r m ov d o r d m g d do n o m k w h w w o u d

on d r r o n d on An on o P Dm o D r Error Emo o n R o n n d h

H um n B r n N w Y o rk G P P u n m 1 9 94

45 J f fr y B R o n n d J y h u k n F ro m No rm F r o P h o o g A nx y P y h o og

R v v V o 1 05 N o 2 Ap r 1 99 8 p p 32 5 35 0 p hn G A ng o r M h D C r k n d

M h F n o w Anx y A h n r on of Gn nd Exp r n N ur N uro n

o 2 N o 9 p m b r 1 99 9 p p 7 80 7 82 n d Ew F r y n d R h r d G M M or r y n p

T g g ng n d L on g T rm P o n o n N u r F b r u ry 6 1 9 97 p p 5 33 5 36 A o M r g r K n

r o n o rr p o nd n M y 1 8 1 99 9




14/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 28

ng ng o h p o o n h N ATO hou d p no h ng h n m n

gv n g u o no my o h A b n n K o ov r n d r b do m n d Y u go v

Bu h go no o ny un n b o und r b Do nyon

r ou y b v h A b n n Ko ov r n d rb n v og h r g n

T h y on n u d N ow Ko o vo o nu md by w r h m f ro mh r d

born of gr ru h A bn n nd rb h v n f d on h o hr

n h p Th w r o ud h v b n v od d f h y h db n p r d b y

o p r o n om r r po n 46

C on v r y o gn v p y h o o gy r g r d m o o n r u o f h ou gh

n d b f 4 7 L r n ng m m o ry p r p o n n d h ou gh n h o r o gn v

v y r w y ky u p of h m o on r p on p rn 48

Fur h r o mm m n go nd v u m o v on o n fu n mo

on r p on nd r r d o no hr r p of h o gn v

ppro h h d of ppr wh r m o on r pon r n p r b d

on p r on v u on of n v n gn f n for h r w b n g Mgd

Ar no d r gu d h h um n r o n n y d b r n go r ppr n g n d h

nf u n mo o n r p on u h f r W r m mb r wh h pp n d o

n h p how h h ng h ff d u n dwh w d d bou Th n

w m gn how w ff u h m nd m wh h r w b

r mfu 4 9 o rn ng h o ry u gg h mo o n n db h vor o

d w h m o on g ggr on r n o n u r b u rn d nd

r n fo r d h ro ug h o n r o n 50 Emo o n r m n b o r v o n by

ogn v m n Cogn v p y ho ogy o x por h r v r o on

ho w m o o n n f u n o gn o n

o on r u v h or n py ho ogy r u ur nd on x u

v r on n mo o n n d on u d h mo o n r no n r y o r v n

p r mr y n ur R h r w k on ru v on nd h h r on

nuum from h n ur o h o p f y h mu h of wh

o n d rd o b m o on o y on r u d J m A vr rgu h

4 6 Jo hn J M r h m r n d p h nV n Ev r R dr w h M p o p h K n g N w Yo rk

T m A pr 1 9 1 99 9 p A 23

47 For r v w R h r d L r u P rogr on Cogn v Mo v o n R on T h ory

o f Em o o n A m r n P y h o og V o 4 6 N o 8 A ug u 1 9 91 p p 81 9 83 4 n d L r u A n

D K n n r n d u n F o km n E mo o n A C ogn v P h no mn oo g A n y n P u h k

n d K r m n E m o o n p p 1 8 9 21 7

4 8 L r u K n n r n d Fo k m n E mo o n p 1 9 2

4 9 Q u o d n J un C r w fo rd u n K p p x J n n y O ny x U n G u n d P m B n o n E m o o n

n d G n d r C o n r u n g M n n g f r om M m o ry L o nd on g 1 9 92 p 2 4 m ph n o r g n

5 0 A br B n du r A ggr o n A o L r n ng An y E ng w oo dC f f N J P r n H

1973




15/42


mo on r r p on h h v b n n u o n d by o y m n

of r o vng onf wh h x w h n o y m 5 1 rong o n ru

v u h R om Hrr u gg h mo on n x on y n h r p

ro x h ng of o n oun r nd h mo o n m yon y b

und r ood n h r o on x p f y h r p n h o mor

o rd r 5 2 C r A r mo n Jo n o u n fo ur m n o h r gu mn h

mo on r o o u ur y on u d F r mo on r h r r d

b y ud u h b f u dgm n nd d r h on n of wh h r

no n u r b u r d rm nd by h y m of u ur b f v u nd

mor v u o fp r u r ommun ond h ud h h r r

mo on r rn d no n n Th rd m o on r on x n v h r d

xp on p r r b d by o group f or p f o u on F our h

m o on r on u d n ord r o r v o o u u r fun on o

r r n und r b ud n db h vour n d o u n n d ndor u

ur v u 53 Th or of n on m h r h o on ru o nof

n o n nd n on n m n r n ogou n h r ump on o h

o on r u v hoo of mo on

n u m n ur or b oog h or o f mo o n r dom n n n W rn

u u r n d p y ho o gy F ur h r n p y h r y p p r o o ff r u p po r

fo rb o og h o r o f mo o n On h o h r h nd v d n fr om o gn v

p y ho og y up po r h r gu mn h m o on n db h v or r p on o

mo o n r r n d n d h bo h f n g n d b h vo r r n f u n d b y

how n dv du h nk b ou v n Fur h r o on ru v h gh g h h

r o u u r v r on n d h o fun on o f mo o n C ogn v nd

o on r u v h or r u u y oppo d o b oog h or

hough h ppr o h r n o n r y mu u y x u v b oog

ogn v nd o on r u v ppro h o m o on oun f or fnd ng

d ff rn v u r b hv or o nd xp n dff rn

fnd ng og h r p f y h r r h on p ho og f r u gg

no on h or ppro h w k y b b o oun for h omp x

on h p b w n xp r n p r p o n o gn o n u ur nd b oogy

51 J m R A v r Emo o n nd Anx y o o u ur B o og nd P yh oog D rm

n n n Ror y Exp n n gEmo o n p p 37 72 p 37 o on r u v h or of m o on

r n o m n fun o n h or nd ub o h r u ppropr o ny fun o n

oun

52 R om H rr6 An Ou n of h o C on r u o n V w po n n H rr d T h o

C on r u o n of Em o o n O xf or d B B k w 1 98 6 p p 2 1 4 p p 5 6

5 3 C r A rmo n Jo n T h Th o fC on r u o n m n b d p p 3 2 55 pp 3 3 34




16/42

n rn on ur y 24 4 1 30

P ro po o n o n E mo o n n W o r d Po

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17/42


18/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 32

pon o h r hou d b r o u u r v r on n h r ogn on v u

nd ro o f mo o n n d o nm k ng n d o n R r h h ow b o h

m r nd d ff r n n x pr on r o gn on v u nd v n ph y

oog o on w h mo o n r o u u r 6 0For x mp p r from

h norm v omm m n o nonv o n h u u y h r r of

p fu o n om nonv o n o f rof o h r o d w h

r r nd r ur n r h r h n ho y nd ggr on 61 Wh f or

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m o n wh o h r m y d m ph m o on Gr ou p wh o m m b r

wo rk w h o u r g d n o f r p on b y n d u h o r y n d gr ou p h

d p nd on x r m f r f by n dv du m m b r m y u p o v

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f rf

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d gr d rm nd ogn v y n d o y h n m o on r b mo on

n b rn d nd w h om d ff u y r rn d n h b h vor

o mp on n o f mo o n o r nn g h or m y h p n u nr dr n dn g

how ggr v n o n nd h no n r b f n d h r o d mo

o n r u d o mob popu on for wr p f y no o ny r

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v of mo on my b mn pu d C u w rgu h h p on

h r o b k nd d n w r mu r d y b nh r n n h p o p 6 2

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h o r on x h x n of wr m p ub r on p rop g nd d

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6 0 B M u nd N o H Fr d Cu u r V r on n E mo o n A R v w P y ho og

B u n V o 1 1 2 N o 2 M r h 1 9 92 p p 17 9 20 4

61 B ru D B on C oop r o n n dComp on n P fu o P y ho og Bu n

V o 1 2 1 N o 2 M r h 1 9 9 7 p p 2 9 9 3 20

6 2 C u w On W r p 89




19/42


o n my b h p d by r nng mp h v n b f nd m o on h

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N T ER PR ET AT O N L k n n o n m o o n m y b m p r v d C u u r

d n or dff r n f f on b y o n r pr o h r m o on D ff r

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m o o n d f f r n y f ro m m mb r o f h g ro up o wn u n d r n d ng o f h r

mo o n nd u u r d n m y d r mn h b y o d o d m o on 63

Who h n o h rd m n h om o h r u ur un mo on nd

do n o v u f h w y h p k r u ur do or h om o h r

u ur rr on 6 4Cu u r d n m y o b found w h n u ur

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dr m y n h r m md r por of mo on xp r n v n n on

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T h f nd ng r h p o b y h wom n g r r mo on y

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on d ff r n wh h r o d from v r y r y g 6 5 h o r o n

rn d w h p r p on ough o nd o h o on r u o n of m o on

6 3 J ff r yP m C yn h G o b ur o w w k n d P r Kr oo n nb r g A u r n n d

J p n C on p o f Ex pr v B h v o r J ou rn o f Cr o C u u r P y h o og y Vo 2 6 N o 5

p m b r 1 99 5 p p 4 5 1 4 73

6 4 Gorg K n nn 1 94 6 ong gr m n x mp K nn n r gu h h ov d r hp

mp rv ou o h og of r o n n d h gh y n v o h og of for K nn n o

d r b h o v d r hp n dRu n p op f r fu Mo o w Emb y T g r m#51 1

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r g y 19 45 1 95 0 N w Yo rk C o um b U n v r y P r 1 97 8 p p 5 0 63 p 6 1

65 L F d m n Br r Lu y Ro bn P u P r omo n o n dKr n M E y Ar W om n

h M or E mo o n x E v d n f ro mE mo o n E xp r n n o C on x C og n o n n d

E mo o n V o 1 2 N o 4 J u y 19 98 p p 5 55 5 7 8 p 5 7 5




20/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 34

w h n n d r o g ro up f on g ro up o n n y v w n o h r h o

r h r h n f r fu n d h p r p o n r n fo r d by h g ro up n dn y

o u b o m n w h n f hr n d p r of m pr p

o n m mor k y

E MO T ON AL R EL AT O N H P n d v du n d g ro up p u h r r o n h p

o o hr n o m o on gor h nf un h r p r p on of h o h r

p y how mb guou on n d u o n r n r pr d B u

m ny b h v or r m bgu ou f or g n po y d o nm k r o n n y

r bu u nd mo v o o h r b h vor T hy mu h r for

h hr wh o h r r u h r o nfor h r on h r u u

or r o n u h m n r v o n yund r n dng of u o n nd

fo rd r mn ng wh o fr n d n d wh o h r A r b u on m y b u

r o n Rob r J rv uppo d onm kr n y h b h vor of

o h r n form o m h ng k n u on um ng wh h o h r x p

o g nfrom n on mu b u o h x p d o nd r k 6 6

M or k y h o w vr h p r or m o o n r o nh p b w n g ro up m y

nf u n h gn mn o fr on n d n n o n r bu o n o o h r

b h v o r

C gor of m o on r on h p m yb n u r n dd h d or mor

k y h y m yb mo o n h r r d for x mp by m p hy n p

h y or ho y n d ff d by hno n r m nd n o n m M r r r gu

h h m or w d n fy w h our gr oup h m or k y w r o d r m

n g n o u gr ou p G ro up o mp r o n r n o n u r 6 7A pr x

n gf ng h r on hp w rm or on h h r r d by

m p h u nd r n dn gw h h o h r m y h p o r fr m m bg uo u

b h vor n u r po v or mo v d by r um n r h r h n h o

n n o n C on vr y f r n d n p h y m y pr om o n g v v u o n

6 6 Ro b r J rv P r v ng n d Co pn gw h T hr n J rv L bo w n d n P y h oo gy n d

D rr n pp 1 333 p 15 Po y m k r m y o r bu n r n d ff r n n po y

p r f r n o m o o n F or x m p E xC om m m mb r P u N n d Do ug D o n h ou gh

h Rob r M N mr nd G org B w r o vr y u ou n h C ub n m r D o n

d d d n u nd r n d h n n d d on u nd r n d no w w hy p o p w o rr d o m u h b ou

on m d o nv n on on d ng o nu r w r Th d pr po rou T h o ny

x p n on n h nk of h B nd M Nm r r v n xp r n n h m r

u d h m o d r wun wrr n d o n u o n h nk h y m yh v h r f r r un w y

w h h m m n y b u h y h d n v rb n h ro ug h ny h ng k h b fo r Q u o d n

B gh T h h r d Cry B pp 80 81

67 J on h n M r r An r h y nd d n y n r n o n O rg n o n Vo 4 9 N o 2 p r ng

19 9 5 p p 2 2 9 2 52 p 2 5 1




21/42


n dm k n u r o rpo v r p o n of m b gu ou b h v or n d v n

k y For x mp d p n d on h h U bomb ng of Ch n

m b y n B g r d n M y 19 99 w r g n g r ro r of wh h h r h d

r dy b n v r om Ch n o ff n rpr d U n n on n

n g v w y 6 8 H d h b om bn g b n o f n m b y w ho g ov r nm n h d

mor po v o r n ur r on w h h Un d n r r

b u o no fh o n n o nw ou d h v b n m or k y

Th mo on r on hp b w n n r o u or mo r n y f f h

k h oo do fr h ng g r m n d ur ng n go o n E xp r o n of n r d

m p hy m y d o gr r f x b y n n g o on wh r d hum n

o n d mon on nd n m y my h v h oppo on u n fo r ng

h r h r n r on n d nf x b y M r Ro rgu h mp h yd

v o p x h n g r m or ff v p r r m or o p n o r n g of

op on h p k o h pr y n r nd v b gr m n b o m

mor r v o 69 Fur hr u mo on r b mo on r on

h p my b r d o h gor on of g roup mo on r on hp

o n o h r g ro up n d h r f or h b h v o r g ro up d m n or m v y

o b gd o n m y h ng f mp h y or n p hy r d h rough

on 70

68 U Tr d R pr n v C h r n B r h fky d h mb y bomb ng r y h d

r on f or m o f v m on h nd o w d U n g o on w h C hn o n n ry n o h

W or d Tr d O rg n o n Quo d n C A G ff A M F n g N w Yo rk T m N ov mb r

3 1 9 99 p A 0

6 9 M r H ow rd Ro T h M n g m n of Co nf n r pr o n n d n r n Co mp r v

P r p v N w H v n Con n Y Un v r y Pr 1993 p p 107 10 8 o Wh F r fu

W rr or n dD bo r hW h L r on A n o my of M r u U o v R o n du rn g h C o dW r

h N Y Co rn U nv r y Pr 1 99 7 T h m oun n dk nd of o n mp or n g r r

o n n dk no w dg o f r o g ro up fr n d h pm y d r n g v ud o wr do h r

p h n C W r gh A r hu r A ro n T r y M L u gh n V o p n d y R op p T h E x n d d

C o n E ff K no w d g o f Cr o G r ou p Fr n d h p n d Pr u d J ou rn o f P r on y n d

o P y h o og y V o 7 3 N o 1 J n u ry 1 99 7 p p 7 3 90 o E rv n u b Th R o o o f Ev

T h O r g n o f G no d n d O h r Gr ou p Vo n C m br d g C m br d g U n v r y P r 1 98 9

E n g mp h y m yb u fu n o nf m n g m n P y h o og H r br K m n h o ng

mp d o nf u n h r P n n p pro by pu n g h pr og h r n

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vdu n h wo gr oup K m n n r v P rob m o v ng T h U n dL m of

Th r p u M od f or h R o u o n of n r n o n C o nf n V m k D Vo k n J o ph V

Mon v nd D m r o A Ju u d Th P y hodyn m of n r n o n R on h p V o 2

U no ff D p o m y W or k L x n g on M L x n g on B oo k 1 9 91 p p 14 5 16 0

70 C oon r n r d m p hy o w rd h o on d x p n n p r h r nd o w rd d o o

n on n h m d w n h n ury N C Cr wford D o on on n n r n o n

N or m Th E vo u o n of Pr A rg um n n dB f n L ur R d n d C r K y n d




22/42

n rn o n ur y 24 4 1 36

T HR EA T PE RC EP T ON n d v d u r b d o w r d h r p r p o n

wh h r or no hr x hough h r r o o gn v y pro d

n d h r m n ng o y o n ru d Evo u on ry b oogy r h

d p v f un o no f mo o n ug g n g h h um n r h r dw r d o d

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Ohm n rgu Th p r p u y m k y o b b d n h d r on

of ow hr h od for d o vr ng hr h y m b d om m

o v ok d f n n u y n on h r n ng o n x 7 1T hr p r p o n

wh h h pp n mu h f r r h n h ogn v pro n gof po n

h r r h b ody o p r p r o u r m or n fo rm o n nd o r p on d

o h f rfu mu u Ohm n no h o y o bor f y

n d d f n r p on h n o f o on wh n h h r r 72

H fu r h rn o h n n x ou m oo d v m mo ry n fo rm o n n

r d on h r wh h n u rn f pro ng of hr r d nform

o n 73 n u o n d n o n for x mp d ur ng o d w r n d rm

r m yh gh n h nd n y op r v hr

Co nv r y v n h ou gh n h n u r w or d o m h r m ob vo u

mu hof wh on d r d h r n ng n h o wor d ogn v y

pro d n d o y on r u d 74 For n n v n h o v m

h h U n d d o vr d n C ub d ur ng O o b r 19 62 h d o b

u nd r ood hr n ng 75 B u h U n d w r d yund r h

hr of ov b d nu r w pon h u on w w h h r ov

nu r m b d n Cub r d u v y d ff rn g of ff r

r u rng U r p on A h pr d n d Y ou my y do n m k

n y d ff r n f y ou g b o wn u p b y n C B M f y n g fr om h o v U n o n

Em r g ng N or m o f Ju f d n r v n o n C m br d g M A m r n A d m yo f Ar n d

n 1 99 3 p p 3 7 61

7 1 Ar n O hm n F r n d An x y E mo o n P h no m n C n P h no m no o gy E vo u

o n ry P r p v n d nf or m o n Pr o n gM h n m n L w n dH v n d T h H n d

b o ok o f E mo o n p p 5 11 5 3 6 p 5 2 0

7 2 b d p 5 21

7 3 b d p 5 24

7 4 J o T om k J m B o v h J f fr y K b r n d Jo hn M E rn C og n v n d Ph y o og

An d n o fT hr n dC h n g Ap pr J our n o f P ro n y n d o P y ho og y Vo

7 3 N o 1 J n u r y 19 97 p p 6 3 7 2 n d J u W d M r k L f f y H u gh G u r o n n d R y mo nd

D uv n rodu on C on r u n g n ur y n W d L ff y Gu r on nd Duv d

C u ur o f n ur y C omm un n d h P ro du o no fD n gr M n n po U nv r y of

M n n o Pr 1 99 9 p p 1 33

75 Ju W d Th C u ur P rodu o n of Cr U d n y n dM n Cub n

W d Cu ur of n ur y pp 35 62




23/42

h P o no fWo rd Po 1 37

o ron h w 9 0 m w y 76 Gn M xw T yor w h ov on

h r n ng h nk w o d b oo dd fr om h r po n o f v w Mr

Pr d n You r u r gh n y ng h h r u f wmor m

rg d on h U n d How v r h y n b o m v ry r h r

mpor n d un n dr n for m n o h r k p b y of h ov

U no n W h v n o d h ow f r h y w g o 77 Un d r r r yo f

G or g B rgu d h h ov w p on w r r d ng po y 78 By

O o br 22 Pr d n K n ndy m o h v d d d h h ov mov

n Cub w r nk d o h r d r o o n ro of B r n79 n u m o gn v

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mov hr n ng nd wh h r h U n d h dr on o b f r d

EMOTONANDCOGNTON

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NF O RMA TON G A THE RNG A N DP RO CE N G Em o on nf u n h p rf o r

m n n d o n n o f n fo rm o n g h r n g n d pr o n g by n d v du

n dgroup ommonp o kn ow d g h mod r r m

p ro v o gn v p r fo rm n w h r o omu h r m p r p r fo r

m n p y m m or y n d n fo rm o n pr o n g 80 E mo o n r ou

m y hv n o gou ff Th u o gn o n n d mo o n r on h p ow

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F r mo od n f un n fo rm o np ro n g o m wh o un r n u v y

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p by p n y of v b nform o n n d h g hd gr o f og

7 6 M y n d Z k ow T h K n n d y T p p p 90 9 1

7 7 b d p 9 0

8 b d p p 9 9 1 00

79 For n n K nn dy mu h T h prob ng on pr d ng Br n o

wh h rw p or no b d p 235 H o mp h n h phon onv r o n

w h B r h Pr m M n r M m n on O o b r 22 b d p p 28 32 86

8 0 J n n d M nn D o n M k ng n d V r b r g r T h W o rd n T h r M n d p 1 78




24/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 38

on n y h ough prob b y o d w h k of r v y F ur h r

w h ho wh of good m yb m or r v h y r m or k y o u

pro ng r gy h r h v y on h u o f mp h ur nd

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r u n g now rp rform n on k h r u r n y d

or n d r g 81

o nd h g h n x y m y r u n n d v du r d u n g n fo rm o n g h

rn g nd pr o n g v od ng h o p o f nf or m o n h m k h m f

wo r o r mph ng wh m k h m f b r o r h u n gdown o m

p y 82 Jo f n fr o u po n r nn go f h G r mn n v o n of h o v

Un on n 194 1 nd b v d h h k w n un u hor d on by

Grm n gn r no b r y O h r for x mp K r W h m on

r nn g bo u Ru n mo b o n n Ju y 19 14 m ph h r n ng

n r p r o n of v n R h r d N d L b ow w r

Th K r u y p p r o h v u ff r d n u nx y r on on Ju y

30 H w w hdr wn n d rr b nd d p yd n of h p n H

o x gg r d h gr v y of h p o u o n nd h own n b y o

d o ny h ng b ou H n r d b m n r p r o n h mo rn ng of h

r b u r v of h m p rd ogn v f un on ng Th m g

m r yr p d h r d yknown f h Ru h d mp m n d m ry

p rp r o n g n Au r H ung ry d d ng h h m ur h d om

n d fv d y p rv ou y W h m m r d h b nd o n ud d h

Ru h d bgun mob ng g n G rm ny fv d y r r Th K r

n n y r v r d o m oo do fp ro fo un dd p r n d g gr v n H

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o pr v n R u fr om g n ng h u pp r h nd n no o mm m y f

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pp d for h h m m b n r y mob ng bh nd my b k

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g n dov ru M y k n n d 83

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M G or g B un dy r g u h h ou gh h r k o f n u r w r d ur n g h

81 Nor br hw r n d H rb r B H ppy n dM nd bu d n d m r T h m p

o fA ff v o nAn y R o nn g n J o p h P Fo rg Em o on n d o J ud gm n N w

Y or k P r g mo n Pr 1 99 1 p p 5 5 71 p 5 6

82 R h rd N dL bow B w n P nd W r Th N u r o f n rn on C r B mor

d J o hn H o pk n U n v r y P r 1 98 1 p p 1 15 1 18 n d J n n d M nn D o n M k ng

8 3 L bo w B w n P n dW r p 1 42 mp h n or g n




25/42


Cub n m r w m h nu r dng r w n m

gr r h n h r K nn dy or Kh ru h h v n h v w h d nd r d h

r o r d h d n gr dr ov h m bo h o w rd u k r o u o n 8 4 m r y

J m B gh rgu h f r p y d n d p v ro n h r o u o nof h

C ub nm r 85

h oun for wh h r f r w d o b r or wor op ng n

r f u u o n B gh u gg h f or g h mpor n r pon

b y W hr d r n 1914 o ud no for h x n o f h roph

r u of w r h d r of h n u r up rpow r n h rd yf o

m gn h roph r u of n u r Wor dW r Th h r y

b ff h g ur n h n om r wh u o n d r of h u p r

pow r m y fnd h m v n h y w f h y h v no g on m d n

h ry b h m rr md b nu r roph 8 6

B u r p on b y m y u b o h w y C on n r o no f u ho r y m y r

on n r on of pr ur h mp f n x y L f on o m k n or

mo u y f f u d o n d o nm k r m y b o v rw h m d by f r n

d f k ng on y mo o n n o oun on w ou d xp b r

d onm k ng n d mo r or h gh y bur u r d wh r h r

n f f v d v o n of b or r h r h n n mon r h o g r h nd

u hor r n nform ng pop n dv n h h yw b h d

oun b f or h r d on n o n r h u y of h r d onm k

ng Ph p T o k n dJ K m rgu A o un b y m yh v r d

n op m v o f r ou 87

m yb h ov r mo on on x o p m or p m o

m r for o png p f y W h n h r hop n no moun o f

hr mu gr r n r nd rn ng on ywh n hr hop

h nx y r p op v w 8 8Fur h r n nd vdu xp r n nd

84 B u n dy D n g r n d u rv v p 4 6 1

85 B g h T h h r d Cry B p 169

86 b d p 9 8 Fur h r r p on b nd vdu m yb v h h r ro o f nd o u o n

w h p r or p r on xp r n o f ff v r d o nm k ng m y r nf or h r o nf d n

R h rd Nu d r h h nd of T V n rv w h d d n1962 P r d n K n ndy

d T h P r d n b r h b ur d no f h r p o n b y d v o r n mo v on o f r h d v

Qu o d n b d p p 1 35 1 3 6

7 Ph p E T o k n dJ 1 K m A o un b y n dJudg m n Pro n P r on y

P r d o n T k J ou rn o f P r on y n d o P y h o og y Vo 5 2 N o 4 A pr 1 98 7 p p 7 00 7 09

p 7 07 o J nn f r L rn r n d Ph p E T o k A o un n g fo r h E ff o fA o un

b y P y h o og B u n V o 1 2 5 N o 2 M r h 1 9 99 p p 2 55 2 75

8 N d u N m nd Am o Emo o n u m por n nd Po L r nng p 569

O h r mo on u h dn or d ppo n ng n of b r y m y on r bu o n

nd vdu n o fhop n Thr on no u ff n b u m y u o n o




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n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 40

r n ng m y pr omo n o f omp n n dh op fu n b ou h r

b y o m ng A J r v no Th p r n or b n of n r u on on

h ow o o p w h d n gr n d d u o no f h f f v n o f ou n r m

ur gr y f f h n f un of f r 8 9

F n y mo o n p r u r y mo o n r on h p w h o h r n h

d o nm k n gg ro up n f f n d vd u n fo rm o n pr o n g n h

o n x o f gr ou p d o nm k n g Th u r v ng J n n o d o gn v f f v

n d g o n r o n r n o n v g n n fo rm o n pr o n g 90 To m n g

h on r n d onm kr u ogn v h ur ff v pr

u h f o ow ng h p r y n o n ur r n k ng g ro up h nk

nd uppr on of d n nd go n r p r u h d fn v vo d

n

E VA LU AT O N Em o o n n f u n o r u nd r n d ng o f h p n d

n of wh po b n h f u ur n four w y m o on n f un r

h u of n ogy h v u o n of p ho nd h on d r o nof

oun r f u Th n kb w n m o on nd r go bo h w y p r u

r m mor r n kd o p r u r m o on nd onv r y ur rn mo

o n n fu n h r of m mor 91 For x mp h xp r n of f r

m y p ro mp m m o r f o u d o n h r 9 2 On h o h r h n d h n k ng b o u

w h dr w Hop o n n uff n b u m y d o w h fu h n kn g Y h omb n o n

of p r v ng hr o on v u or go bu h v ng o m hop o f u n r gg r

n r d n form on g h r ng do o by n r ng h p r v d mpor n of h ub

b d p 5 70 o R h rd L ru Hop A n Emo o n nd V Cop ng R our g n

D p r o R r h V o 6 6 No 2 um mr 1 99 9 p p 65 3 67 8

89 J rv P r p o n nd M p r p o n n n r n o n P o p 3 74 B u hough dr nd rd

p r n gpr o d ur n d r r ou n m y h p n d vd u g no r or pr od u v y u h r

f r h b h vor n o d o nf x b y n dov r onf dn o for b r r d on

m k ng d o nm k r o ug h o b x pr n d bu n o o o xp r n d n d f h y r fr d

hopfu

90 Cogn v on r n u h k of m o r pr x ng b f m h moun nd u y

of n form on pro ng f f v on r n wh h r n group o n x n u d h n d

for pow r p b y o n n u n d o uppor go n r on r n r from rong

p r on mo v mo o n nd n d r vng J n C ru D on L d r hp n Po y M k ng

n d Cr M n g m n N w Y or k F r P r 1 98 9 n d J n V m o f Gr ou p h nk B o o n

Ho u ghonMf f n1 9 7 2

9 1 G or do n H B o w r M oo d n d M m or y A m r n P y h o o g V o 3 6 N o 2 F b r u ry 1 98 1

p p 12 9 14 8 u n M n k n d K h n N ug n M oo d Co ng ru n M m o ry B n A nx y

n d D pr on n D n L h r d M m or yD or o n How M nd B r n n d o

R on r u h P C mbr dg M H rv r dU nv r y Pr 1 99 5 p p 17 31 93 n d p h n

B H m nn T mo hy D E y o T Gr f on n d C n on D K Amygd A v y R d o

En h n d M mo ry fo rP n n dAv r v m u N u r N u ro n V o 2 N o 3 M r h

1 9 9 9p p 2 8 9 2 9 3

9 2 Oh m n F r n d A nx y E mo o n P h no m n p 5 2 8




27/42


p f r fu v n m y u p r on o f f r fu n h p r n And wh

mu h of h r r h on m o o n m m or f ou o nf r o h r m o o n

m y r n uro h m r y nd b m r y or d n h b r n

An o g r o nn g n m po r n p o ff or g n po y d o nm k ng

m y b f f d by m o o n Yu n Fo on gKh on g r gu h n o g r

ogn v d v h h p po y m kr p rform x d gno k n r

o po d on mk ng An og 1 h p d fn h n u r of h u

on o nfron n g h p o ym k r 2 h p h k nd 3 p rov d

pr r p on T h y h p v u op o n by 4 pr d ng h r h n of

u 5 v u ng h r m or r g h n n d 6 wrn ng b ou d ng r

o d w h h op on 9 3 nd vdu hou du h o r n og h

f n r m of h rng mpor n h r r or u f u r w h h

pr n u on y n o g r o f n poor y ho n D on mk r w ho

f o vr wh m d n u np r d n d n d d ng r ou u o n m y r h fo r

n o g nd ry o pp y h on of h p o h pr n r w y

of op ng w h nx y y no r why om h or n og r

h o n ov r oh r An og m yb h o n b u h y r n o r

v b

B u why on n o gy mor n o r v b h n n oh r E mo o n

m yh p n w r h u on p f y n n dv du mo on nd

m o on n b h b of gor on T hng h vok f r for

x mp m yb gor d og h r n db r d h m k nd of h ng

v n wh n h y r o h r w p r p u y f un on y nd h o r y

d v r 9 4An n d vd u o r g nr o n h h f r h n d or by n d r xp

r n w h h gh y mo o n y h r gd v n w k y h v rong m o

o n mmor of h v n u o n h vok m r m o on w k y

br ng o mnd ho h o r v n h d p y ff d h p r p n nd

9 3 Yu n Fo on gK ho ng A n og W r K or M un h D n B n P hu n d h V n m D o n

o f 19 65 P r n o n N J P r n o n Un v r y Pr 1 99 2 p 1 0 o D w n M f fo rd A n o g

R o nn g nd h D f n o n of h u o n B k o n yd r fo rC on p n dF or wr d o

Ar f n g n for M h od n Ch r F H rm nn C hr W K g y J r n d Jm N

R o n u d N v D r o n n h u dy of Fo r gn Po y L on do n H rp rC o n A d m 1 98 7

p p 22 1 24 4 J rv P r p o n nd M p r p o n n n r n o n P o p p 27 5 27 9 V r b r gr

T h W or d n T h r M n d p p 2 9 6 34 1 n d M J P r o n T h U o f An o g n D v o p n g

Ou r p L w n r n o n O rg n o n Vo 5 1 N o 2 p r ng 19 97 p p 2 45 2 74

94 P u M N d n h J m nB H b r d nd A H n n K r Emo o n R p on

C go r o n P y h oo g R v v V o 1 06 N o 2 A pr 1 99 9 p p 33 73 61 p 3 38 o

D n L h r T h v n n o f M mo ry n g h f ro mP y ho og y nd Co gn v N u ro

n A m r n P y h o o g V o 5 4 N o 3 M r h 1 9 99 p p 18 2 20 3 p p 19 5 19 6




28/42

n r n o n ur y 24 4 1 42

n og r on ng r grd of wh h r h h o r v n m r n

mpor n r p o h n w u o n m yfo ow 95 o u h r r

ogn v u for pr mng h r r o m m mo o n u for x mp

n h of f r wh n p r o f n rr d m mo ry y m m m or

r p r n o n o f mo od o r m o o n r p o n m y p rm m m o ry r

fo u d o n h r 9 6

E mo o n m y o nf u n d onm k r v u on o f h f f y of

p ho p f y rg rd of h r u u y n gv n u o n

po o d w hpo v f ng n h p w p rob by b v wd

po v y wh r ho p o o d w h n g v f n g m yb n

n n g v gh b n g h v u on of po y o p on F ur h r or m y

r h r m n of v n nd on o h h y n o w hm v

nd o h r o f g oo d bo u pr f r rd op o n or h o h y h v r d y

m d W o rk on p o v u o n n p y ho og y ugg h ug mn n g

p o v mo o n n d vo dng n g v o n n b h go of o gn v

ppr nd h v n r n r pr d nd d or d n wy h n b

p op o m n n o r nh n h r m o on w b n g 97 Thu m yb

d ff u f or or o r p of h r d onm kng pro h h y

f n g v y bou p y f h ou om d d no m h or o r

o hr xp on

Co un r f u h n k ng m y no o n y b u f u fo r h o r u nd r n d ng

o f ho w ou o m m y h v b n o h r w f o n d o n h d b n d ff r n

hu h gh g h ng wh h o nd o n o rd on w r r u n o h p

p o y m k r r n ho w o m pr ov d o nm k n g9 8 R o n o r n d or

n o n h or yfr m wo rk u gg h n dv du n do rg n o n of

95 T h x pr n of u rpr k or u gm r m yb w d p r d n d o d w h m o

on r um f or who g n r o n n d u on h br ng o m nd h mo o n o d

w h ho xp r n m y u or o u n og from h r r grd of h o gn v

pp ro pr n o f ho n o g F or x m p h V n m W r v ok p ow r fu mo o n

o on for g n r o n of U o d r n d n nd rg rd of h on o b

rn d from h w r o r g opo gn f n n v n n U for g npo y mo o n

h v m d h on o f h w r gn f n f or n po V n m for g n nd m ry po y

9 6 Oh mn F r n dAn x y E mo o n P h no mn p 5 28 o Kh on g An o g

W r p 2 26

97 h y E T yor L G A p nw nd Tr A G u n o E mo o n P y ho og

h v m n n ph n H M v n Goo n N n n E V n d Po n dJo p h A r g n

d E mo o n E y o n Em o on Th o ry H d N J L w r n E r b um A o 1 99 4

pp 2 1 9 2 39 p 2 1 9

98 J m D F r on C oun r f u nd Hypo h T ng n Po n Wor d

P o V o 4 3 N o 2 J n u r y1 99 1 p p 1 69 1 95




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r o rd h v n n v o h ow how h y m yh v don b r n

u o n f h m n h yw b pub y b md u b o gr r ov r

gh nd/or n on d 99 n d d o n h r m y b n mo o n b g n

o un r f u h nk ng n f or g n po y d o nm k ng R r h on m o o n

nd o un r f u ugg h oun r f u h nk ng g n r y u

o p o f b d yor v n d m h n y of n dv du who n g g

n po h o n y f r u n y d r d d n dd o un d M on dy mo rn ng

u r r b k n g T h u b o w rd v o dn g ou n rf u h nk ng m y b

ov rd rm nd d p h p o n po v on u n of oun r f u

n y wh h n u d g vng pop n of on ro n o h rw r fu

u o n 100 n u o n on of o un r f u n y ou dh p r m dy

org n on nd mo on b g n oun r f u by gu rn ng

h o un r f u h nk ng p r fo rm d n d n u n g ho w ho n g g n

oun r f u from h n g v onno on o f n o d w h

R K Th m o on u of d onm kr w ff h r m n

of r k n d h r b h vo r nr k y u on R k n mpor n m n n

mp r on or h ory oun of d r rn wh r or r d o b

w gh ng o r k nd po n b n f Pro p nd gm h ory m

r y n ud r k n h r oun o fd on mk ng M ny f o r n f f

r k m n n d b hv or n r k y u o n n ud ng how h u on

fr m d n d wh h r d o nm k r h v o mp o r d u n fo rm

on Mood o p p r o fr m h u on

Moo d nf u n m n o f k h ood n dr k n u on o fd on

m k ng u nd r u n r n y o r r k N o u rp r n g y p o y m k r w h n g

v m ood o vr m h k h ood of n g v v n n dund r m

h k h ood of po v v n ho w h po v mood ov r m h

k h ood of po v v n nd o n n y und r m h k hood of

n g v v n Mor un xp d or w h po v ff nd o b mor

u ou n u o n wh r gn f n o h gh y k y nd mor p

99 On o gn v n dmo v on b n o un r f u h nk ng Ph p E T o k n d

A r on B k n C ou n r f u T ho ug h E xp r m n n W or d P o L og M h o do o g

nd P yho og P r p v n dJ m M O o n N J R o n dRon d J D b r

P y ho og B n C oun r f u T ho ug h Ex pr m n n T o k n d B k n d C ou n

r f u T ho ugh E xp r m n n Wo rd Po L og M h o do og n dP y ho og P r p v

Pr n o n N J Pr n o nU nv r y Pr 1 99 6 p p 3 38 n d 29 63 00 r p v y

1 00 N J R o C ou n rf u T hn kn g P y ho og B u n V o 1 21 N o 1 J n ur y1 99 7

p p 1 33 1 4 8 n d u n n A o b o N o n d K r r y L M r h G n n g C o n r o h r o ug h C ou n

r f u T hn kn g P r o n y n d o P y ho og yB u n V o 2 5 No 5 M y 1 99 9 p p 55 6

568




30/42

n rn on ur y 24 4 14 4

n go fr k f h p r p o n of r k o w1 01 Th om N yg r nn o h n h

r r h po v f f p r p n w r mod r y hough on n y

mor r k v r n h r g mb ng b hv or h n w r n g v ff p r

p n n h gh r k n vronm n b u h y w r r v y mor r k p n g

n o w r k n v r on m n 1 0 2

Wh r r h on mood u gg for n r n o n r on h or un

r b u nd vdu m ood m y b o o ph m r o m k d ff r n n

f or g n p o y d o n m o o f wh h o u r w h n gr ou p o v r o ng p r o d

of m op o n r f ormu d n dd u d On h o h r h nd

po b h h r r ong r r m mood n gov rnm n For n n f

n d n f or x mp o n g o nom r ng h po nf u n

nd n r n o n p r g d r m y mk m or u o u for g npo y

ho n ow r k u o n h n w h r n ggro n o n p rodu

po nf un nd pr g 103

A RG UM EN T Pr x n g m o o n n f u n r p v y o r gu m n C on

v r y r gu mn m y r gg r d ff r n mo o n p r o f h r p r u v

pp Argum n m k ng n d mp o p r ud o h r h p r u r

n r pr on of v n nd pr opo d p o y h orr on ub u o u

n w or d po W h n nd v du r n gr yo rh o o w rd n n r o u or

h y w k y b op n o pr u o n h n f hy r n u r o rf ng

mp h Fur h r o m r gum n u h ho u n gh or n o gy

101 L on M nn r Aff nd R k T kng n J Fr nk Y d R k T k ng B h vor N w

o r k J oh n W y n d o n 1 9 9 2 p p 2 0 1 2 30

1 02 T h om E N yg r n R n g o P r v d H g h n d L ow R k W n L o O pp or u n n

R k y D o nM k ng T k Fr m ng or Af f o rB o h M o v o n nd Em o on V o 2 2

No 1 M r h 1 99 8 p p 7 3 98 p 8 7

103 An x mp m y h p u r h p on W h ou h Afr n d r n h 1980 m y

h v b n n n g v mood f r d d o f n rn on pr ur n dy r o f b n g n on

Th d r hp w f d w h h h o of wh h r o n go w h h A fr n N o n

Congr or o n nu o r v u nr n r n on n on nd h A NC bo g m

p g n Th A NC n d o h r gu r r mo vm n n v r po d g r m r y hr o h

p r h d g ov r nm n W r h p r h d g ov r nm n m n o f h k h oo d nd r k o f

fu v w rh gh rb u h wh d rh pf n g v y W u m y p r v d

o b r ky o r vr d d o f po y nd ng h w r n Ango nd h o u p o n

o fN m b r n gN o nM nd n dr mo vn g h b n o n h A NC n b d o

n rn on n on nd g h n h do m onom b urd n of h r d n d fn n

mb rgo Conv r y k y h f r h 1 994 r n o n h w n b r mood

T h n w go vr nm n w d r ng n f or g n po y w h M n d m n gF d C r o nd

M umm r Q ddh f n d f n o fU p r fr n y mo d n o no m p o y m o y

dr opp ng v n h m d o m h h d pr v ou y h r r d h AN C o no m o u oo k

W r m mb r o f h n w gov rnm n mor r k v r n h h gh k u on unw ng

o n g on n r n on f n n w h v n gh y pnk n g d o nom p o y b u h y

w r n g oo d mo od




31/42


32/42

n rn on ur y 24 4 1 46

w ou d b d r r d or o mp d b u o f mo o n f o r A h oug h

d r r n nd omp n h or pr u m r on y b u Thom

h ng y h ump on of r on y produ v on h y o

r hr nd f r105 Bu h u of h rm hr nd f r r

dng rou y fu y n om d r r n h or u f r n h n

of xp on n o h r h ym n h mo on of f r m r y h r

om m m r y h o mm un o no f p ro m o r o mm m n o r ry

ou r n wh r o hr m hr n mp o produ f r

n xp on or m o on n T k f or x mp B rn rd Br od

r gum n h wh n w on d r h p r u r mn o f d rr n w h

mph on h pun v p of r on w m y f nd n d for v n

up r dr y nu r b omb n h mph mu b o n mk ng r n

h h n my w f r v n h m numb r of bomb h m gh b n

n r on on w n h bomb o b n d hu o pp r b for h

vn h or r nd ou po b 1 06

m py pu d rr n hou dwor k fpo n ggr or b v h h r

on w k y f o r h v n f hy h v h r go h o w b

u n p b y h gh D rr n d p nd o n or r y ommun ng

h r pp r ng r d b nd hv ng h p y o rry ou hr Ag

r o r w b r o n y d rr d f h o nd r k of on ou w gh

h b n f R o n d r r n o ud f fo r ny num br of no n mo o n

r on n ud ng mp rf know dg o f h o nd r k o d w h

n o no r n o r f u r o o mmu n r o v f o r r ry ng ou

hr W h no n o n d r m o on h ow v r d r r n h o ry o ok

f w db u d p h m bguou w y h f r nd hr r u d n

h d rr n r ur h o n u n of mo d rr n hr k y o

b f r n n m o on n nd on r ry o r o n d rr n h or h

d b r pr odu o no ff r x r m y r k y fo r v r r o n

F r d r rn n f b u hr h p rodu f r n g p rv r

ogn v ff 1 07 A no d b ov f r fu or n d om k r fu

1 05 T ho m C h n g Th r gy of Co nf C mb rd g M H r vr dU nv r y Pr

1 96 0 p 4

1 06 B r n rd Br od r gy n h M A g P rn o n N J Pr n o nU nv r y Pr 1 95 9

p 2 9 5

107 A h ng no n d u on of h r pro f r of urpr k f urpr rr

n dv n g wor hwh o v r by r kng fr F r h h o h rm yb bou o

r k n m k n b f h w r bou o r k gv u mo v for r kng n d o u f

h o h r mo v B u f h g n from v n u fu u rpr r d r d h n no wr

h r no fund mn b for k on h r d N vr h ook hough




33/42


d on h r y on o gn v h u r r h r h n n gr v omp x y

n dd o n h r d y f rfu n d o g h r nform on h hr fo

u d h r by n n fy ng h r f r n f d b k o op F r fu or o

nd o mph h h or rm r h r h n h o ng rm v n f h

h or r mb o un r p ro du v 1 08 Th r fu w g h ng of o r k

nd bn f h on xp nd nd d o un on n d r r n u o n

b o m m u h mo r d ff u f d o nm k r r f r fu F ur h r w h n

hr n d d onm k r m yr on b y on d r h h r n r n n m y

pp ng n o ogn v h m nd r p h r bu m v o n n n on

o h o h r r h r h n r fu y v u n g h r um n h m yh v

m o v d h o h r b h v o r 10 9

ond o m ffor o m k h r pp r r d b r o un r produ v

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