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From Elements to The Diamond AgeThe past, present and future of textbooks
!Stuart Gannes
Maker Faire Rome October 4, 2014
Euclid’s Elements: The first textbook?
Although many of the results in Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid's accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference, including a system of rigorous mathematical proofs that remains the basis of mathematics 23 centuries later.[16]
The print era beginnings1482, Venice 1847, New York
Euclid's Elements has been referred to as the most successful[5][6] and influential[7] textbook ever written. Being first set in type in Venice in 1482, it is one of the very earliest mathematical works to be printed after the invention of the printing press and was estimated by Carl Benjamin Boyer to be second only to the Bible in the number of editions published,[7] with the number reaching well over one thousand.[8] For centuries, when the quadrivium was included in the curriculum of all university students, knowledge of at least part of Euclid's Elements was required of all students. Not until the 20th century, by which time its content was universally taught through other school textbooks, did it cease to be considered something all educated people had read.[9]
16th-20th Century: Rise of classrooms
Classrooms and teachers
Researchers knew what was missing
• Interactivity
• Communication
• Collaboration
• Adaptability
• Feedback
20th Century experiments“Multimedia;” Filmstrips, TV programmed for education
Televisions on wheels
Computer labsThe purpose is to provide a microcomputer institutional-
related service to students while on campus. Huh?
https://student.uj.ac.za/docs/THE%20PURPOSE%20AND%20LOCATION%20OF%20GENERAL%20MICROCOMPUTER%20LABORATORIES.pdf
1987: A learning breakthrough “Before the Web did anything, Hypercard did everything.”
- Ars Technica
The Diamond Age…“The Illustrated Primer is an extremely general an powerful system capable of more externes self-reconfiguration than most. Remember that a fundamental part of its job is to respond to its environment. If the owner were to take up a pen and write on a blank page, this input would be thrown into the hopper along with everything else, so to speak.”
-Neal Stephenson , 1995
It was addressed to you,
Online courses: Early busts
• Repurposed content
• Lack of interactivity
• Not collaborative
• No good creation tools
Researchers know what’s missing V2
• Interactivity
• Communication
• Collaboration
• Adaptability
• Feedback
21st Century learning skills
http://www.nhcs.net/technology/instructional/21stcenturyskills.htm
1996: Online tutoringNet Tutor - Live help
2006: ’Flipped’ ClassroomKhan Academy
https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/core-finance/money-and-banking/bitcoin/v/bitcoin-what-is-it
2008: Adaptive LearningDynamic content presentation
http://doraemonyoung.blogspot.it/ !https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LldxxVRj4FU
2012: MOOCSMassively Open Online Courses
http://www.wiredacademic.com/2013/02/infographic-rise-of-the-moocs/
2014: Software-enabled contentUse computers for what they are designed for
Ideas for the future: interactivity put teacher in the textbook: Inquire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-NDXWyDy3c#t=39
Siri for text books? Textbooks with AI reasoning systems
SRI Project Inquire
SRI Inquire project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-NDXWyDy3c#t=39
21st Century: Report Card• Era of experimentation
• Some progress
• Limits of online learning
Promising innovations: