I had eaten my I had eaten my breakfast before I breakfast before I

went to schoolwent to school..

I I had eatenhad eaten breakfast breakfast beforebefore

I went to school .I went to school .

How do we use the Past How do we use the Past Perfect TensePerfect Tense??

The past perfectThe past perfect tense expresses tense expresses action in the action in the pastpast before another before another action in the action in the pastpast. This is the . This is the past past in the pastin the past. .

EXAMPLE :EXAMPLE : The train left at 9am. We arrived at The train left at 9am. We arrived at

9.15am. When we arrived, the train 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had lefthad left..

The Past PerfectThe Past Perfect

The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.

I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.

had receivedhad eaten

it hitmy friend stopped by

To talk about a past action that ended before another action or To talk about a past action that ended before another action or

time in the past, we use before and after. We use the simple time in the past, we use before and after. We use the simple

past too.past too.

The film had started before we arrivedThe film had started before we arrived

We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past actionWe also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action

I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night beforeI was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before

With time expressions such as With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, when, after, before, as soon as,

by the time, by by the time, by and and untiluntil

By the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinnerBy the time I got home, my mother had already prepared dinner

Simple Past TenseSimple Past Tense

He came to my house.He came to my house.

Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Tense

Chapter 11

I had already left.I had already left.

He came to my house He came to my house afterafter

I I had had already already leftleft..

Simple Past TenseSimple Past Tense

Past PerfectPast Perfect

Chapter 11

He came to my house He came to my house afterafter I had already left. I had already left.

This action

This action

takes place

takes place

farther back

farther back

in the past

in the past..

Simple Past Simple Past TenseTense

He came to my house.He came to my house.Past PerfectPast Perfect

Chapter 11

I had already left.I had already left.

He came to my house He came to my house afterafter I had already left. I had already left.

Look at this Look at this exampleexample..

he made a telephone callhe made a telephone call..

After he had taken his music lesson,

What had Ali done before What had Ali done before he went fishinghe went fishing??

before he went fishingbefore he went fishing..

Ali had repaired his car

The key words The key words of this tense of this tense

areare::afteras soon as , Past simple{had+PP}

The key words The key words of this tense of this tense

areare::beforeBy the time

{past simple}+ Had+PP

Make similar sentences using after and before.

Finish work-watch TV

After I had finished work , I watched TV

Before I watched TV , I had finished my work.

Make similar sentences using by the time and as soon as

Eat breakfast-go to school

By the time I went to school,I had eaten my breakfast. As soon as I had eaten my breakfast, I went to school

Make similar sentences using by the time and as soon as

Police arrive-thief escape

By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped.As soon as the thief had escaped , the police arrived.

So it is correct to saySo it is correct to say::

After he had finished the After he had finished the meeting , he made a meeting , he made a telephone calltelephone call..

Before he made a telephone call , he had finished the meeting.

The structure of the past The structure of the past perfect tense isperfect tense is::

  subjecsubjec

ttauxiliary auxiliary verbverb  

main main verbverb  

++IIhadhad  finishedfinishedmy workmy work..

++YouYouhadhad  stoppedstoppedbefore before meme..

--SheShehadhadnotnotgonegoneto schoolto school..

--WeWehadhadnotnotleftleft..  

??HadHadyouyou  arrivedarrived??  

??HadHadtheythey  eateneatendinnerdinner??