““The people, even the lowest ranks, The people, even the lowest ranks,

have become more attentive to have become more attentive to their liberties…”their liberties…”

Imperial Wars and Colonial Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest,Protest,

1754-17751754-1775

Empires at WarEmpires at War The French, English and The French, English and

Spanish carried on a series Spanish carried on a series of wars from 1689 through of wars from 1689 through 17631763

The most important of these The most important of these for the colonists was the for the colonists was the French and Indian War, French and Indian War, also known as the Seven also known as the Seven Years’ WarYears’ War

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar This pitted the French and Indians This pitted the French and Indians

against British regulars and against British regulars and colonistscolonists

The goal was to control the Ohio The goal was to control the Ohio River ValleyRiver Valley

The Albany Plan of Union was The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin as proposed by Benjamin Franklin as a way to congeal colonial strengtha way to congeal colonial strength

The war was won by the British The war was won by the British and had many significant and had many significant outcomesoutcomes

Video ClipVideo Clip

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWarOutcomesOutcomes Colonists lose respect for the Colonists lose respect for the

British regularsBritish regulars British question colonial loyaltiesBritish question colonial loyalties British are out of moneyBritish are out of moneyResultsResults British begin to tax the colonistsBritish begin to tax the colonists Colonists begin to think they can Colonists begin to think they can

defeat the British armydefeat the British army The British crown imposes the The British crown imposes the

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

New Revenue and New Revenue and RegulationRegulationGrenville:Grenville: Sugar Act: Sugar Act:

Raise money and tighten the enforcement of Raise money and tighten the enforcement of the Navigation Actthe Navigation Act

Quartering ActQuartering Act Colonists must house and feed British regularsColonists must house and feed British regulars

Stamp ActStamp Act Taxed everyday products and was the first Taxed everyday products and was the first

direct taxdirect tax All taxes previous were indirect on importsAll taxes previous were indirect on imports

Stamp Act protestStamp Act protest Formation of the Sons and Daughters of Formation of the Sons and Daughters of

LibertyLiberty The Stamp Act CongressThe Stamp Act Congress BoycottsBoycotts

Grenville is replaced in 1766Grenville is replaced in 1766

The Declaratory ActThe Declaratory Act This act was largely symbolicThis act was largely symbolic The British replaced George The British replaced George

Grenville and repealed the Grenville and repealed the Stamp Act because of the Stamp Act because of the boycottsboycotts

They also simultaneously passed They also simultaneously passed the Declaratory Act of 1766the Declaratory Act of 1766

This stated that Parliament had This stated that Parliament had the power and authority to tax the power and authority to tax and regulate the coloniesand regulate the colonies

Charles TownshendCharles Townshend He proposed another set of taxes in He proposed another set of taxes in

1767 referred to as the Townshend 1767 referred to as the Townshend Duties or Townshend ActsDuties or Townshend Acts

Tea, glass and paper were taxed as Tea, glass and paper were taxed as importsimports

Most didn’t protest initially because Most didn’t protest initially because they were indirect taxesthey were indirect taxes

Sam Adams and James Otis were Sam Adams and James Otis were rabble rousers that ignited colonial rabble rousers that ignited colonial resistanceresistance

This is where the “no taxation without This is where the “no taxation without representation” mantra was coinedrepresentation” mantra was coined

Colonial boycotts again followed the Colonial boycotts again followed the Massachusetts Circular letter and Massachusetts Circular letter and British military presence was increasedBritish military presence was increased

Lord NorthLord North Lord North was appointed Prime Lord North was appointed Prime

Minister to replace TownshendMinister to replace Townshend North repealed the Townshend North repealed the Townshend

Acts and created a small tax on teaActs and created a small tax on tea This repeal generally ended This repeal generally ended

colonial protest for a period of 3 colonial protest for a period of 3 relatively quiet years, punctuated relatively quiet years, punctuated only by the Boston “massacre”only by the Boston “massacre”

During this time, the most fervent During this time, the most fervent of the Revolutionary leaders of the Revolutionary leaders continued to agitate for revolt continued to agitate for revolt through the Committees of through the Committees of CorrespondenceCorrespondence

The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party The British government had given a tea The British government had given a tea

monopoly to the British East India monopoly to the British East India CompanyCompany

The colonists were still boycotting and The colonists were still boycotting and largely buying smuggled tealargely buying smuggled tea

The tea would be imported W/O the duty The tea would be imported W/O the duty and be much cheaperand be much cheaper

Colonists still avoided the cheap teaColonists still avoided the cheap tea Buying the tea would recognize the Buying the tea would recognize the

British right to taxBritish right to tax Colonists boarded a BEIC ship and Colonists boarded a BEIC ship and

dumped the tea into Boston harbor, dumped the tea into Boston harbor, similar incidents occurred in Virginia as similar incidents occurred in Virginia as wellwell

As a response to the BTP, Lord North As a response to the BTP, Lord North passed the Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts passed the Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts designed to punish the colonistsdesigned to punish the colonists

The Intolerable Acts of The Intolerable Acts of 17741774 The Port of Boston was closed and The Port of Boston was closed and

blockaded until the colonists paid blockaded until the colonists paid for the teafor the tea

The Mass. Government Act moved The Mass. Government Act moved the royal governor’s salary to the the royal governor’s salary to the King’s purseKing’s purse

The Administration of Justice Act The Administration of Justice Act said Royal officers were to be tried said Royal officers were to be tried in Britainin Britain

Expanded Quartering ActExpanded Quartering Act The Quebec ActThe Quebec Act

Catholicism becomes the official Catholicism becomes the official religion of Quebecreligion of Quebec

Quebec’s boundary is moved to the Quebec’s boundary is moved to the Ohio RiverOhio River