of 64
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5. Emphasize positive relationships
Gi\m\ek`fegif^iXdd`e^k_XkXccfnj]fi
gfj`k`m\i\cXk`fej_`gYl`c[`e^Xe[df[\c`e^_Xj
Y\\ej_fnekfnfibY\jk%
6. Appropriately timedGif^iXdjj_flc[Y\[\m\cfgd\ekXccp
Xggifgi`Xk\Xe[jkXik\Xicp`ec`]\%
7. Socioculturally relevant
Gif^iXdjXi\Zi\Xk\[YpXe[]fik_\jg\Z`Z
Zfddle`kpk_\pXi\\e^X^`e^#`eZfigfiXk`e^
k_\ZlckliXcefidjf]k_XkZfddle`kp%
8. Include outcome evaluationGif^iXdjXi\jlZZ\jj]lcn_\ek_\p`em\jk
`ek_\flkZfd\jf]k_\`igi\m\ek`fe\]]fikj%
K_`j`eZcl[\jk_\[\m\cfgd\ekf]^fXcj
Xe[fYa\Zk`m\jXe[k_\`dgc\d\ekXk`fef]
d\Xjli\d\ekjkfZXgkli\[XkXXe[\ejli\k_\
gif^iXd`jd\\k`e^k_fj\^fXcjXe[fYa\Zk`m\j%
9. Delivered by well-trained staff@efi[\ikfY\\]]\Zk`m\#gi\m\ek`fegif^iXdj
j_flc[`em\jkk`d\#\e\i^p#Xe[dfe\p`ekfjlggfik`e^jkX]][\m\cfgd\ekXe[kiX`e`e^%
K_\j\gi`eZ`gc\jgifm`[\X]fle[Xk`fe]fi
\]]\Zk`m\gi\m\ek`fe\]]fikjXe[Xcjf_`^_c`^_k
jfd\Xjg\Zkjf]k_\kiX`e`e^Xe[jb`ccje\\[\[
Xdfe^gi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ij%
K_\^fXcf]k_`ji\jfliZ\gXZb\k`jkfgifm`[\
^l`[XeZ\kfgi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ijXk
cfZXc#jkXk\#ki`YXc#k\ii`kfip#Xe[eXk`feXc
fi^Xe`qXk`fejjfk_\pZXenfibdfi\\]]\Zk`m\cp
kfnXi[k_\^fXcf]\c`d`eXk`e^j\olXcm`fc\eZ\
`ek_\`iZfddle`k`\j%There are five elements to the packet:
(%Core Competencies for Sexual Violence
Prevention Practitioners
)%Qualities and Abilities of Effective and
Confident Prevention Practitioners
*%Guidance for Hiring, Training, and Supporting
Community Prevention Practitioners
+%Sample Job Description
,%Strategies for Integrating Prevention into
Organizational Operations
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2 Sexual violence prevention
]fZlj^iflgje[`e^j%
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 3
mXcl\[gXike\ij_`g%=fi`ejkXeZ\#`jjl\jjlZ_Xj
gfm\ikpXe[_flj`e^Xi\gi`d\\oXdgc\jf]_fn
i\[lZ`e^k_\gfk\ek`Xccpe\^Xk`m\Xjg\Zkjf]
_Xm`e^glYc`Z[`jZljj`fejf]j\olXcm`fc\eZ\ZXe
Y\XgXikf]gi\m\ek`fegif^iXd[\m\cfgd\ek%
National Sexual Violence Resource Center
Research Brief on Housing and Sexual
Violence (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&
glYc`ZXk`fejVEJMI:VI\j\XiZ_9i`\]V_flj`e^$
Xe[$j\olXc$m`fc\eZ\V'%g[]
Models for Developing Trauma-Informed
Behavioral Health Systems and Trauma-
Specific Services (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%XeeX]fle[Xk`fe%fi^&D;K%g[]
C. Knowledge about sexual harassment:
J\olXc_XiXjjd\ekgi\m\ek`feZXefg\edXep
[ffij]figi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ijYlj`e\jj\j`ejk`klk`fejf]_`^_\ic\Xie`e^#Xe[jZ_ffcj
Xi\\X^\ikfc\Xie_fnkfZfdgcpn`k_jkXk\
Xe[]\[\iXccXnjXe[_fnkfZi\Xk\jX]\Xe[
gif[lZk`m\c\Xie`e^\em`ifed\ekj%9\`e^XYc\
kfflkc`e\\oXdgc\jf]j\olXc_XiXjjd\ek
`emXi`fljZfddle`kpj\kk`e^jjlZ_Xj
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4 Sexual violence prevention
Ylj`e\jj\j#jZ_ffcj#Zfcc\^\ZXdglj\j#figlYc`Z
jgXZ\jZXe_\cg`eflki\XZ_\]]fikj#Xjn\ccXj
`e[\m\cfg`e^jkiXk\^`\j]fimXi`fljZfddle`kp
j\kk`e^j1
The United States Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) offers a legal
definition of sexual harassment (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%\\fZ%^fm&\\fZ&glYc`ZXk`fej&]j$j\o%
Z]d
Based on results of a national survey of
7th-12th graders in the Spring of 2011, the
American Association of University Women
(AAUW) report Crossing the Line: Sexual
harassment in schools reveals how common
sexual harassment truly is among Americas
schools and how it impacts learning (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%XXln%fi^&c\Xie&i\j\XiZ_&lgcfX[&
:ifjj`e^K_\C`e\%g[]
The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rapeoffers a comprehensive prevention curriculum
for grades K-12 in Sexual Harassment
Prevention in Schools (PDF). _kkg1&&nnn%
gZXi%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&c\&K8&J\olXc$
?XiXjjd\ek$Gi\m\ek`fe$`e$JZ_ffcj$:lii`Zlcld$
DXelXc%g[]
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 5
The National Resource Center on Domestic
Violence and the National Sexual Violence
Resource Center created a resourceoutlining how gender and sexuality play a
part in harassment and bullying of students
in elementary, middle, and high school.
Addressing the Gendered Dimensions of
Harassment and Bullying: What domestic and
sexual violence advocates need to knowoffers
advocates suggestions for strengthening work
in school communities (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%mXne\k%fi^&8jjfZV=`c\jVM8Ne\k&:@9V?XiXjjd\ek9lccp`e^%g[]
D. Confidentiality
K_\Zfe[\ek`Xc`kpXe[gi`m`c\^\n`k_`ek_\
Zflej\cfi$jlim`mfi[peXd`ZgcXpjXgXik
`ele[\ijkXe[`e^k_\fm\iXccjpjk\df]
jlim`mfij\im`Z\j%8ck_fl^_`kdXpefkj\\d
c`b\XeXjg\Zkf]gi\m\ek`fenfib#`k`jk_\
i\jgfej`Y`c`kpf]\m\ipfe\`ek_\Xek`$j\olXcm`fc\eZ\dfm\d\ekkfY\XYc\kf\ogcX`ekf
Zfddle`kpgXike\ijXe[c\X[\ij_fnk_`j`j
Xe`dgfikXekgXikf]jlggfik`e^jlim`mfij
c\^XccpXe[\dfk`feXccp%:fe[\ek`Xc`kpXe[
k_\le`hl\ifc\f]X[mfZXk\jjlggfikjlim`mfij#
k_\`ij`^e`ZXekfk_\ij#Xe[k_\`iZfddle`k`\j
k_ifl^_kiljk$Yl`c[`e^#Zfddle`ZXk`fe#Xe[
dlklXci\jg\Zk%
E. Healthy sexuality/healthy relationships
Gifdfk`e^_\Xck_pj\olXc`kpXe[_\Xck_p
i\cXk`fej_`gY\_Xm`fijXi\jkiXk\^`\jk_Xk
j_fn_fnjfZ`XcefidjZXeY\^`ekfj_`]k
k_ifl^_`e[`m`[lXcY\_Xm`fiZ_Xe^\%FeZ\
g\fgc\_Xm\k_\jb`ccjXe[df[\cj#k_\p_Xm\
Xefggfikle`kpkfZi\Xk\Z_Xe^\n_\i\m\i
k_\pXi\%Gi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ije\\[
kfY\Zfd]fikXYc\[`jZljj`e^Zfej\ekXe[
Zfej\ejlXc[peXd`ZjYfk_n`k_`ek_\Zfek\ok
f]j\olXcXZk`m`kp#Xjn\ccXjfk_\iefe$j\olXc
`ek\iXZk`fej%
The theme for Sexual Assault Awareness
Month 2012 was healthy sexuality and
there are a number of resources available
to assist in organizing efforts, starting
community discussions, and developing
a social networking campaign (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&jXXd&i\jfliZ\j
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6 Sexual violence prevention
F. Mandated reporting
GXikf]k_\cXi^\igi\m\ek`feglqqc\`eZcl[\j
`e]fidXk`feXe[kiX`e`e^]fidXe[Xk\[
i\gfik`e^%DXe[Xk\[i\gfik`e^`jXgiXZk`ZXc
nXpkfY\^`e[`jZljj`fejn`k_Zfddle`kp
d\dY\ij2`ejk`klk`fej_Xm\Xc\^XcfYc`^Xk`fe
kfi\gfikXe[Y\kiX`e\[`ei\gfik`e^%JkXk\j
[`]]\i`ec\^`jcXk`feXe[gfc`ZpfedXe[Xk\[
i\gfik`e^f]Z_`c[XYlj\#`eZcl[`e^n_f`jX
dXe[Xk\[i\gfik\iXe[k_\gifZ\jjf]i\gfik`e^
kfXggifgi`Xk\Xlk_fi`k`\j%9\cfnXi\i\jfliZ\j
kfXjj`jkpfl`ee[`e^k_\cXnj`epfliXi\X1The United States Department of Health and
Human Services Administration for Children
and Families has a website that provides an
overview of mandated reporting statutes,
Mandatory Reporters of Child Abuse and
Neglect: Summary of State Laws (HMTL), as
well as a State Statutes Search page that
provides state-specific information on a
variety of policy issues (HMTL).
_kkg1&&nnn%Z_`c[n\c]Xi\%^fm&jpjk\dn`[\&cXnjV
gfc`Z`\j&jkXklk\j&dXe[X%Z]d
_kkg1&&nnn%Z_`c[n\c]Xi\%^fm&jpjk\dn`[\&cXnjV
gfc`Z`\j&jkXk\&`e[\o%Z]d6\m\ek4jkXk\JkXklk\j%
j_fnJ\XiZ_=fid
Break the Cycle released an Issue Brief,
Balancing Obligations: Serving Teen Victims
and Mandated Reporting of Statutory Rapethat outlines areas of concern, practical
implications, and resources for providers
serving teen victims (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%Yi\Xbk_\ZpZc\%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&
c\j&g[]&kX$`jjl\$Yi`\]$'/$'/%g[]
The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape
(PCAR) has a manual and PowerPoint
presentation for sexual assault advocates on
mandated reporting. These can be accessed
through PCARs website (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%gZXi%fi^&dXe[Xk\[$i\gfik\i$
kiX`e`e^
G. Knowledge on stalking
Gi\m\ek`fe`jkjdXpefk\eZflek\ijkXcb`e^Xj
Xgi\jj`e^Zfddle`kp`jjl\figifYc\d#Ylk
XnXi\e\jjZXe\hl`g`e[`m`[lXcjn`k_n\cc$
ifle[\[Xe[kiXej]\iXYc\hlXc`k`\jXe[XY`c`k`\j%
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 7
As part of the National Center for Victims of
Crimes Stalking Resource Center (HTML),
there are a number of resources including a
Quiz to assess your knowledge on stalking(HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%m`Zk`djf]Zi`d\%fi^&fli$gif^iXdj&
jkXcb`e^$i\jfliZ\$Z\ek\i
_kkg1&&jkXcb`e^XnXi\e\jjdfek_%fi^&hl`q
Workplaces Respond to Domestic and Sexual
Violence offers guidance on workplace polices
for domestic violence, sexual violence, dating
violence and stalking (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%nfibgcXZ\ji\jgfe[%fi^&c\Xie&
df[\c$gfc`Zp
H. Knowledge of Frameworks
J`d`cXikfk_\`dgfikXeZ\f]le[\ijkXe[`e^
jkXcb`e^#Y\`e^XYc\kf[`jZljjefidjXe[
]iXd\jZXe_\cggi\m\ek`fe`jkj`ek\iilgk
gXkk\iejf]Y\_Xm`fik_Xki\`e]fiZ\m`Zk`d$YcXd`e^%=fi\oXdgc\#n_\enfib`e^n`k_
`e[`m`[lXcj#Zfddle`kpfi^Xe`qXk`fej#fifk_\i
jpjk\dj#[`jZljj`fejf]XcZf_fc$]XZ`c`kXk\[
j\olXcXjjXlckXi\f]k\e]fZlj\[fedXb`e^jli\
pfle^nfd\e[fek[i`eb%@k`j`dgfikXekk_Xk
gi\m\ek`fe`jkj]\\cZfd]fikXYc\Xe[Zfe[\ek
`ei\[`i\Zk`e^jlZ_Zfem\ijXk`fejkfYpjkXe[\i
\e^X^\d\ek#_\Xck_pj\olXc`kp#figifdfk`e^
Xck\ieXk`m\df[\cjf]dXjZlc`e`kp%K_\j\
jkiXk\^`\jgcXZ\XZZflekXY`c`kpfegfk\ek`Xcg\ig\kiXkfijXe[k_\Zfddle`kp`e^\e\iXc#
iXk_\ik_Xefei\[lZ`e^i`jbXe[\dg_Xj`q`e^
m`Zk`d`qXk`fe%
I. People-first language
@efi[\ikfjkXp^\el`e\`ek_\gifdfk`fef]
jX]\Xe[i\jg\Zk]lcZfddle`k`\j#gi\m\ek`fe
giXZk`k`fe\ijj_flc[Zfej`jk\ekcplj\g\fgc\$ijkcXe^lX^\%Lj`e^g\fgc\$ijkcXe^lX^\
`ek\iilgkjjfZ`\kpjeXiifnm`\nf]`e[`m`[lXcj
Xe[Zfddle`k`\j%=fi\oXdgc\1jlim`mfij
n`k_[`jXY`c`k`\j#`e[`m`[lXcjn_f`[\ek`]pXj
c\jY`Xe#^Xp#Y`j\olXc#kiXej^\e[\i#hl\\iXe[
hl\jk`fe`e^RC>9KHT#fidXc\jlim`mfijf]
Z_`c[j\olXcXYlj\%
This language is rooted in the disability rightsmovement, but it is consistent with anti-
oppression work of other movements and
communities including anti-sexual violence.
The website Disability is Natural has a number
of resources by Kathie Snow on People-First
Language (PDF) and (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%[`jXY`c`kp`jeXkliXc%Zfd&`dX^\j&G;=&
g$j_'0%g[]
_kkg1&&nnn%[`jXY`c`kp`jeXkliXc%Zfd&`dX^\j&G;=&gZ_Xik'0%g[]
Ability to outline or describe how and whysexual violence is a public health problem
;`jZljj`e^j\olXcm`fc\eZ\XjXZfddle`kp
`jjl\ZXe_\cgYl`c[`ek\i\jkXe[jlggfik]fi
gi\m\ek`fe`e`k`Xk`m\j%K_`jdXpd\Xelj`e^X
glYc`Z_\Xck_XggifXZ_fi]iXd\nfibkfZfem\pk_\`dgfikXeZ\f]gi\m\ek`feXe[Zfddle`kp
dfY`c`qXk`fe%Gi\m\ek`fe`jkjdljkle[\ijkXe[
ZfeZ\gkjf]gi\m\ek`feXe[k_\glYc`Z_\Xck_
XggifXZ_#Xe[Y\XYc\kfkiXejcXk\k_fj\
gi`eZ`gc\j`ekfgiXZk`Z\k_ifl^_dfY`c`qXk`fe
Xe[\e^X^\d\ek%
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8 Sexual violence prevention
A. Oppression
N_\ek_`eb`e^XYflkk_\iffkZXlj\jf]
j\olXcm`fc\eZ\#^fY\pfe[k_`eb`e^f]j\o`jd
Xcfe\Xccjpjk\djf]fggi\jj`feZfeki`Ylk\kfm`fc\eZ\Xe[`e\hlXc`kp%Cp[`X>lpj
Re-Visioning the Sexual Violence Continuum
^`m\jXZk`m`jkjXm`jlXci\gi\j\ekXk`fef]_fn
fggi\jj`fe`eckiXk\jiXg\Zlckli\G;=%K_`j
kffcZXej\im\XjXYXj\]fiZfee\Zk`e^Xek`$
fggi\jj`fenfibXe[j\olXcm`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe
n_\e[`jZljj`e^gifa\Zkjn`k_fk_\ij`epfli
Zfddle`kp%
_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nZjXg%_lXe^%iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
IXg\:lckli\)''-%g[]
B. Guiding tools
@k`j`dgfikXekkf_Xm\XeldY\if]kffcjkf_\cg
fi^Xe`q\fijkilZkli\gi\m\ek`fenfib%
The social ecological model outlines the
different levels that impact trends, attitudes,
and behaviors. Individual, relationship,
community, and societal norms must be
addressed in order for sustainable change to
take place (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&m`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe&
fm\im`\n&jfZ`Xc$\Zfcf^`ZXcdf[\c%_kdc
The Spectrum of Prevention is a tool thataids communities in the development of
a comprehensive, multi-level prevention
strategy that goes beyond focusing on
individuals, but instead focuses on systems
and norms (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&
GlYc`ZXk`fejVEJMI:V9ffbc\kjVJ\olXc$M`fc\eZ\$
Xe[$k_\$Jg\Zkild$f]$Gi\m\ek`feVKfnXi[j$X$
:fddle`kp$Jfclk`fe%g[]
When looking at studies and available research
on prevention initiatives for substance
abuse, risky sexual behavior, school failure,juvenile delinquency and violence, a group of
researchers found nine principles that were
evident in a majority of effective programs
(Nation, Crusto, Wandersman, Kumpfer,
Seybolt, Morrissey-Kane, & Davino, 2003).
These nine principles increase the likelihood
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 9
of success and positive impact (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%d\ekfi`e^%fi^&[fnecfX[j&
d\ekfi`e^V+%g[]
C. Perceptions
K_\cXe^lX^\lj\[kfkXcbXYflkj\olXcm`fc\eZ\
Xe[gi\m\ek`feZXe\`k_\ifg\ed`e[jfi
Zcfj\k_\d%Le[\ijkXe[`e^n_Xkg\fgc\kilcp
k_`ebXYflkn_\ek_\p_\Xij\olXcm`fc\eZ\
ZXe_\cggi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ij`egif^iXd
[\m\cfgd\ekXe[[\c`m\ip%
The National Sexual Violence Resource
Center and the Frameworks Institute have
been working on developing messages
around sexual violence that are consistent
and engage the general public in productive
conversations around prevention (HTML)%
_kkg1&&nnn%]iXd\nfibj`ejk`klk\%fi^&
j\olXcm`fc\eZ\%_kdc
D. Social changeGi\m\ek`fe`jkjj_flc[_Xm\XZc\Xi
le[\ijkXe[`e^f]k_\nfic[k_\pXi\nfib`e^
kfnXi[%Gifdfk`e^jfZ`XcXZk`fe#_\Xck_p
j\olXc`kp#gfc`ZpZ_Xe^\#Xe[Xek`$fggi\jj`fe
\]]fikj^`m\Zfddle`k`\jXe\ndf[\c%KXcb`e^
XYflkn_Xkefkkf[f`j`dgfikXekn_\e
gifm`[`e^gi\c`d`eXip\[lZXk`fe#Ylkgi\m\ek`fe
_Xgg\ej`eZ_Xe^`e^Y\_Xm`fijXe[jfZ`Xc
efidj%Gifdfk`e^_\Xck_#n\cce\jj#Zfej\ek#
Xe[i\jg\Zk\eZfliX^\jk_fj\Z_Xe^\j%
Risk and protective factors are a basic
introduction to investigating the areas where
individuals, communities, and society have
strengths and assets. This resource can help
discussions exploring those strengths (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&
j\olXcm`fc\eZ\&i`jbgifk\Zk`m\]XZkfij%_kdc
The American College Health Association
provides frameworks for doing prevention
work on college campuses in Shifting the
Paradigm: Primary prevention of sexual
violence (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%XZ_X%fi^&j\olXcm`fc\eZ\&[fZj&
8:?8VGJMVkffcb`k%g[]
Ability to make connections betweenanti-oppression work and sexual violenceprevention accessible to their community
J\olXcm`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe`j`eki`ej`ZXccp
c`eb\[n`k_\e[`e^Xcc]fidjf]fggi\jj`fe
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10 Sexual violence prevention
`eZcl[`e^j\o`jd#iXZ`jd#ZcXjj`jd#_\k\ifj\o`jd#
kiXejg_fY`X#XYc\`jd#X[lck`jd#Xe[X^\`jd#
Xdfe^fk_\ij%@k`j`dgfikXekk_Xkgi\m\ek`fe
`e`k`Xk`m\jXZbefnc\[^\Xe[X[[i\jjk_\j\
`e\hlXc`k`\j%8e\oXdgc\f]k_`jjkiXk\^pnflc[
Y\_fjk`e^nfibj_fgj]fiZfddle`kpgXike\ij
]fZlj\[fek_\Zfee\Zk`fejY\kn\\e]fidj
f]fggi\jj`feXe[j\olXcm`fc\eZ\#Xjn\ccXj
Xjj`jk`e^k_\d`e[\m\cfg`e^Zfddle`kp$YXj\[
jkiXk\^`\jkfX[[i\jjgi`fi`kp`jjl\j`ek_\
Zfddle`kp%
A. The YWCA of Greater Flints online training
manual for volunteers has a comprehensive
overview of the connections between anti-
oppression and anti-violence work (HTML).
_kkg1&&mfclek\\idXelXc%nfi[gi\jj%
Zfd&)'((&'*&))&Xek`$fggi\jj`fe$k_\fip&
B. The VAWNet Applied Research Paper
Changing Perceptions of Sexual Violence
Over Time outlines the evolution of the anti-
sexual violence movement and highlights the
importance of culturally-relevant prevention
approaches (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%mXne\k%fi^&8jjfZV=`c\jVM8Ne\k&
8IV:_Xe^`e^G\iZ\gk`fej%g[]
8]k\ii\m`\n`e^k_\j\`ekif[lZkfipdXk\i`Xcj#
kfg`Zj]fi]lik_\i\ogcfiXk`feZflc[`eZcl[\1
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 1
>cfYXcXe[Yfi[\iZfee\Zk`fejXe[gfc`k`Zj
?\Xck_ZXi\Xe[XZZ\jjkfZfdg\k\ekj\im`Z\j
CXe^lX^\XZZ\jj
@dd`^iXk`fe
C\jY`Xe#^Xp#Y`j\olXc#kiXej^\e[\i#hl\\ifi
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\ogi\jj`fe
Dlck`Xe[kiXej$\k_e`Z#iXZ`XcXe[ZlckliXc
`[\ek`kp
I\jkfi`e^jfm\i\`^ekp]fiKi`YXcXe[
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Ability to identify and implementfoundational elements of programdevelopment, evaluation, and data analysis
GXikf][f`e^\]]\Zk`m\gi\m\ek`fenfib`jY\`e^
XYc\kfd\Xjli\\]]\Zk`m\e\jj%Efk\m\ipfe\
i\Z\`m\jX[mXeZ\[[\^i\\j`ejkXk`jk`ZjXe[
\mXclXk`fe2k_\i\]fi\k_\i\Xi\dXepi\jfliZ\j
]fidXb`e^k_\\mXclXk`fegifZ\jjgiXZk`ZXcXe[XZZ\jj`Yc\%=`e[`e^j]ifdXe\]]\Zk`m\
\mXclXk`feZXe_\cgn`k_gif^iXd[\m\cfgd\ek#
Xggcp`e^]fi]le[`e^#dXb`e^i\Zfdd\e[Xk`fej
kf]le[\ij#Xe[i\Zil`k`e^Zfddle`kpjlggfik%
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12 Sexual violence prevention
Applying the Principles of Prevention: WhatDo Prevention Practitioners Need to Know
About What Works? (PDF)_kkg1&&nnn%d\ekfi`e^%fi^&[fnecfX[j&
d\ekfi`e^V+%g[]
B. Evaluation and AssessmentK_\:;:_Xj[fZld\ekj\ogcfi`e^nXpj`e
n_`Z_\m`[\eZ\ZXeY\ZfeZ\gklXc`q\[Xe[
^Xk_\i\[1
i. Measuring Bullying Victimization,
Perpetration, and Bystander Experiences:
A Compendium of Assessment Tools(PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&
9lccp:fdg\e[`ld$X%g[]
ii. Understanding Evidence Part 1: Best
Available Research Evidence (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&
Le[\ijkXe[`e^V
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 13
Philantropy411 Blog post 10 Great Resources
for Creating a Theory of Change (HTML)
_kkg1&&g_`cXek_ifgp+((%nfi[gi\jj%
Zfd&)'('&'*&)0&k_\fipf]Z_Xe^\&
The Aspen Institutes The Community
Builders Approach to Theory of Change: A
Practical Guide to Theory Development (PDF)_kkg1&&nnn%[fZ_Xj%`\&J_Xi\[&=`c\j&+&KF:V]XZV
^l`[\%g[]
Commitment to collaboration and trust in
community partners to organize and sustainsexual violence prevention efforts
@eX[[`k`fekfY\`e^XYc\kfdf[`]pfiZXk\ik_\
gi\m\ek`fed\jjX^\kfXjg\Z`ZXl[`\eZ\fi
Zfddle`kp^iflg#jljkX`eXYc\`e`k`Xk`m\jXi\
fecp^f`e^kfY\[\m\cfg\[n_\ei\jgfej`Y`c`kp
]fi\e[`e^j\olXcm`fc\eZ\`j_Xe[\[fm\ikf
k_\Zfddle`kp%K_`ji\hl`i\jjfd\c\m\cf]
kiX`e`e^Xe[jlggfik#YlkkiljkXe[i\jg\Zk]fi
Zfddle`kpgXike\ij_XjkfZfd\`ekfgcXp%@k`jZilZ`Xck_Xkk_\mXcl\f]Zfddle`kpd\dY\ij`j
\jkXYc`j_\[]ifdk_\Y\^`ee`e^f]Xepgifa\Zk%
:fddle`kpc\X[\ijXe[jkXb\_fc[\ijj_flc[
Y\`emfcm\[]ifdk_\[\m\cfgd\ekg_Xj\Xcc
k_\nXpk_ifl^_`dgc\d\ekXk`fe#\mXclXk`fe#
Xe[jljkX`ed\ekf]k_\gif^iXd%Gi\m\ek`fe`j
efkkpg`ZXccpXgXZbX^\[\Xcn_\i\`kZXeY\
[\c`m\i\[kfXZfddle`kpfi^iflg\]]\Zk`m\
gi\m\ek`fe`jkilcpXYflkZfddle`kpfne\ij_`g
Xe[XZZflekXY`c`kp]fijfcm`e^k_\gifYc\d%
A. The Community Tool Box is a global
resource for free information on essential
skills for building healthy communities. It
offers more than 7,000 pages of practical
guidance in creating change and improvement
(HTML).
_kkg1&&ZkY%bl%\[l&\e&[\]Xlck%Xjgo
B. Several editions of the Washington Coalition
of Sexual Assault Programs (WCSAP)
newsletter, Partners in Social Change,
offer practical guidance and resources on
community mobilization and engagement:
i. Community Development as a
Foundational Framework, Summer 2007
(PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nZjXg%_lXe^%
iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
:fddle`kp;\m\cfgd\ek)''.%g[]
ii. Needs and Resources Assessment, Winter
2008 (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nnn%
nZjXg%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
E\\[jI\jfliZ\8jj\jjd\ek)''/%g[]
iii. Revisiting the Seven Steps of
Community Development, Spring 2008
(PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nnn%
nZjXg%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
:fddle`kp;\m\cfgd\ek)''/%g[]
C. Rooted in social action research and
community accountability, The New York City
Alliance Against Sexual Assault and 11 of the
citys sexual assault programs are taking part
in a six-year citywide project to prevent sexua
violence. The goal of Project ENVISION is to
change the social norms that promote and
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14 Sexual violence prevention
permit sexual violence in NYC so that there
will be a reduction in perpetration of sexual
violence (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%jm]i\\epZ%fi^&gif^iXdjVgi\m\ek`fe%_kdc
Personal attributes and characteristics ofindividuals that could support longevityand appropriate fit with the work ofprevention
@eXi\Z\ekjlim\pf]`eefmXk`m\gi\m\ek`fe
gif^iXdj#`knXj]fle[k_Xk\]]\Zk`m\
gi\m\ek`fe`jkjZfddfecpj_Xi\XeldY\if]g\ijfeXchlXc`k`\jk_Xk_\cgdXb\k_\d
jlZZ\jj]lcKfnej\e[#)'()%Jfd\f]k_\j\
ZXeY\c\Xie\[fiXZhl`i\[k_ifl^_giXZk`Z\
Xe[d\ekfij_`g#YlkdXepXi\hlXc`k`\jk_Xk
Yi`e^`e[`m`[lXcjkfgi\m\ek`feXe[k_\i\]fi\
Xi\ekkiX`eXYc\e\Z\jjXi`cp%C\X[\ij_`gXe[
`e[`m`[lXcj_`i`e^]figi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ij
j_flc[b\\gk_\j\`ed`e[n_\eZi\Xk`e^
afY[\jZi`gk`fejfiZfe[lZk`e^`ek\im`\nj%
R=fidfi\^l`[XeZ\fe_`i`e^\]]\Zk`m\giXZk`k`fe\ijj\\Guidance for Hiring, Training,
and Supporting Community Prevention
PractitionersT%
Passion for social justice and sexual
violence prevention. 8ck_fl^_`k`jc`jk\[
XYfm\#k_\gXjj`fe]fi[f`e^gi\m\ek`fe
nfibZXeY\n_Xkdfk`mXk\jfi\e\i^`q\j
gi\m\ek`fe`jkj%C\Xie`e^k_\fi\k`ZXcXe[
giXZk`ZXc`dgc\d\ekXk`fef]gi\m\ek`fedXb\jk_\nfib#YlkX[i`m`e^`ek\ieXc]fiZ\dXb\jk_\
nfib[fXYc\%
Visionary and/or big picture orientation to
problem-solving.
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 15
About the Authors
Liz Zadnik `j
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16 Sexual violence prevention
References
8d\i`ZXe:fcc\^\?\Xck_8jjfZ`Xk`fe%)''/%Shifting the paradigm: Primary prevention of sexual violence%I\ki`\m\[]ifd1
_kkg1&&nnn%XZ_X%fi^&j\olXcm`fc\eZ\&[fZj&8:?8VGJMVkffcb`k%g[]
8e[\ijfe#8%e%[%%The community builders approach to theory of change: A practical guide to theory development. E\nPfib#EP18jg\eIfle[KXYc\%I\ki`\m\[
]ifd1_kkg1&&nnn%[fZ_Xj% \&J_Xi\[&=`c\j&+&KF:V]XZV^l`[\%g[]
8ek`$fggi\jj`fek_\fip%)'((#DXiZ_%@eYWCA of Greater Flint training manual.I\ki`\m\[]ifd
_kkg1&&mfclek\\idXelXc%nfi[gi\jj%Zfd&)'((&'*&))&Xek`$fggi\jj`fe$k_\fip
9i\Xbk_\:pcZ\%)''/#8l^ljk%9XcXeZ`e^fYc`^Xk`fej1J\im`e^k\\em`Zk`djXe[dXe[Xk\[i\gfik`e^f]jkXklkfipiXg\@jjl\9i`\]Ef%*%I\ki`\m\[]ifd1
_kkg1&&nnn%Yi\Xbk_\ZpZc\%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&g[]&kX$`jjl\$Yi`\]$'/$'/%g[]
:\ek\ij]fi;`j\Xj\:fekifcXe[Gi\m\ek`fe#EXk`feXc:\ek\i]fi@ealipGi\m\ek`feXe[:fekifc%e%[%%Continuum of evidence of effectiveness.I\ki`\m\[]ifd
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z% fm&m`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&:fek`elld)':_Xik$X%g[]
:\ek\ij]fi;`j\Xj\:fekifcXe[Gi\m\ek`fe#EXk`feXc:\ek\i]fi@ealipGi\m\ek`feXe[:fekifc%)''+%CDCs Rape Prevention and Education Grant Program:
Preventing sexual violence in the United States.I\ki`\m\[]ifd1_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z% fm&eZ`gZ&glY$i\j&g[]&IGlp#C%)''-#=Xcc%I\$m`j`fe`e^k_\j\olXcm`fc\eZ\Zfek`elld%Partners in Social Change, IX(#+$.%I\ki`\m\[]ifdk_\NXj_`e^kfe:fXc`k`fef]J\olXc8jjXlck
Gif^iXdj1_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nZjXg%_lXe^%iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&IXg\:lckli\)''-%g[]
?XdYli^\i#D%
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 17
EXk`fe#D%#:iljkf#:%#NXe[\ijdXe#8%#Bldg]\i#B%C%#J\pYfck#;%#Dfii`jj\p$BXe\#
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18 Sexual violence prevention
G\eejpcmXe`X:fXc`k`fe8^X`ejkIXg\%)''0%Sexual harassment prevention in schools: A facilitators manual and curriculum for grades 1 through 12. I\ki`\m\[
]ifd_kkg1&&nnn%gZXi%fi^&jk\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&c\&K8&J\olXc$?XiXjjd\ek$Gi\m\ek`fe$`e$JZ_ffcj$:lii`Zlcld$DXelXc%g[]
G\eejpcmXe`X:fXc`k`fe8^X`ejkIXg\%)'((%Mandated reporter training.8mX`cXYc\Xk_kkg1&&nnn%gZXi%fi^&dXe[Xk\[$i\gfik\i$kiX`e`e^
Gl[[p#I%N%#N`cb`ej#E%)'((%Understanding evidence part 1: Best available research evidence. A guide to the continuum of evidence of effectiveness. I\ki`\m\[
]ifdk_\:\ek\ij]fi;`j\Xj\:fekifcXe[Gi\m\ek`fe1_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z% fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&Le[\ijkXe[`e^V
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 19
L%J%
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EJMI:()*Efik_
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EJMI: ()*Efik_
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2 Sexual violence prevention
How do you define a sexual assaultprevention educator?
Common themes from answers
to this question included:
Jfd\fe\n_f[f\jZfddle`kp or classroom education
Jfd\fe\n_fle[\ijkXe[jk_\b\pgi`eZ`gc\jf]gi`dXipgi\m\ek`fe#as well as how these principles can
address the root causes of sexual
violence
Jfd\fe\n_f`j]Xd`c`Xin`k_Xe[understands social justice activism
DXiZ_)''0n`k_jkXk\j\olXcXjjXlckZfXc`k`fe
jkX]]fek_\kfg`Zf]Zfi\Zfdg\k\eZ`\j]fi
gi\m\ek`fe\[lZXkfij%
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Core competencies for prevention practitioners 3
Root causes$k_fj\]fidjf]fggi\jj`fek_Xk
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Framing messages_fnkf\]]\Zk`m\cp
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i\XZ_k_\`ek\e[\[Xl[`\eZ\%
=fle[Xk`fejf]gi`dXipgi\m\ek`fe
knowledge$`eZcl[`e^k_\jfZ`Xc\Zfcf^`ZXc
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The context of the work within a larger socia
picture$_fngi\m\ek`fenfibgcXpjflk`e
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The core tenets of anti-oppression work
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4 Sexual violence prevention
Skills needed for effective prevention practitioners
=fZlj^iflggXik`Z`gXekj`[\ek`\[XeldY\if]jb`ccje\\[\[jlZ_Xj1
;\j`i\kfnfibn`k_XZfddle`kpfee[`e^
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Core competencies for prevention practitioners 5
What are the benefits of everyone in the
sexual violence field receiving training on
core competencies identified for prevention
educators?=fZlj^iflggXik`Z`gXekj\ogi\jj\[X[\j`i\
kfj\\\m\ipfe\n`k_`ek_\Xek`$j\olXc
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NXpjk_Xkgi\m\ek`fe`j`ek\^iXk\[`ekfk_\j\organizations include:
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Primary prevention is
the best form of victims
service there is.
- Focus group participant
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6 Sexual violence prevention
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For Technical Assistance Providers
What on-going support do sexual assault
prevention educators need to continue to buildtheir competence?
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Core competencies for prevention practitioners 7
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8 Sexual violence prevention
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Core competencies for prevention practitioners 9
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10 Sexual violence prevention
About the Authors
Liz Zadnik `j
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Core competencies for prevention practitioners 1
References
:fi\Zfdg\k\eZp%)''0%@eEncarta World English DictionaryEfik_8d\i`ZXel`[\c`e\j)')''0,9(,;%g[]
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EJMI: ()*Efik_
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2 Sexual violence prevention
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Xjj\jj`e^fi[\m\cfg`e^d`jj`fefim`j`fe
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Social change. Gi\m\ek`fe`jkilcpXYflk
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Example: The YWCAs mission and visionstatement connect promoting racial and gender
equality with a peaceful community, YWCA is
dedicated to eliminating racism, empowering
women and promoting peace, justice, freedom
and dignity for all.
Feminist philosophy. K_\Xek`$j\olXcm`fc\eZ\
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Examples: Addressing the effects of patriarchy
both within the agency and the community,having a commitment to shared leadership
and participation, or acknowledging the
complexities and individual rights regarding
choice and reproductive care for all survivors of
sexual violence.
Information about the implementation
of prevention and ending sexual violence.
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3 Sexual violence prevention
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Dedicated to healing. Advocating for change.
Involving all staff
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4 Sexual violence prevention
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Personal actions strengthen professionalefforts
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Funding allocation
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5 Sexual violence prevention
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The benefit of using unrestricted or
discretionary funds is the opportunity
to explore different approaches with-
out the boundaries of external ex-
pectations. One agency in the studyof innovative programs commented,
[Relying on unrestricted funds] is a
blessing because were not confined
to grant objectivesWere more free
with what we do and with our time-
lineBecause theres no prevention
money specifically for this, it lets us
create our own priorities (Townsend,
2011, p. 46).
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How does integration happen?
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6 Sexual violence prevention
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Institutionalize self-care and burn-out
prevention
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7 Sexual violence prevention
About the Authors
Liz Zadnik `jlp#C%)''-%I\$m`j`fe`e^k_\j\olXcm`fc\eZ\Zfek`elld%Partners in
Social Change, 9(#+$.%I\ki`\m\[]ifdk_\NXj_`e^kfe:fXc`k`fef]J\olXc8jjXlckGif^iXdj1_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nZjXg%_lXe^%
iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&IXg\:lckli\)''-%g[]
Kfnej\e[#J%)'()%Prevention Assessment Year 2 Report: Innovation in
prevention.I\ki`\m\[]ifdk_\EXk`feXcJ\olXcM`fc\eZ\I\jfliZ\:\ek\i
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&c\&Gifa\ZkjVIG
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EJMI:()*Efik_
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EJMI: ()*Efik_
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2 Sexual violence prevention
]fZlj^iflgje[`e^j%
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 3
mXcl\[gXike\ij_`g%=fi`ejkXeZ\#`jjl\jjlZ_Xj
gfm\ikpXe[_flj`e^Xi\gi`d\\oXdgc\jf]_fn
i\[lZ`e^k_\gfk\ek`Xccpe\^Xk`m\Xjg\Zkjf]
_Xm`e^glYc`Z[`jZljj`fejf]j\olXcm`fc\eZ\ZXe
Y\XgXikf]gi\m\ek`fegif^iXd[\m\cfgd\ek%
National Sexual Violence Resource Center
Research Brief on Housing and Sexual
Violence (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&
glYc`ZXk`fejVEJMI:VI\j\XiZ_9i`\]V_flj`e^$
Xe[$j\olXc$m`fc\eZ\V'%g[]
Models for Developing Trauma-Informed
Behavioral Health Systems and Trauma-
Specific Services (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%XeeX]fle[Xk`fe%fi^&D;K%g[]
C. Knowledge about sexual harassment:
J\olXc_XiXjjd\ekgi\m\ek`feZXefg\edXep
[ffij]figi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ijYlj`e\jj\j`ejk`klk`fejf]_`^_\ic\Xie`e^#Xe[jZ_ffcj
Xi\\X^\ikfc\Xie_fnkfZfdgcpn`k_jkXk\
Xe[]\[\iXccXnjXe[_fnkfZi\Xk\jX]\Xe[
gif[lZk`m\c\Xie`e^\em`ifed\ekj%9\`e^XYc\
kfflkc`e\\oXdgc\jf]j\olXc_XiXjjd\ek
`emXi`fljZfddle`kpj\kk`e^jjlZ_Xj
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4 Sexual violence prevention
Ylj`e\jj\j#jZ_ffcj#Zfcc\^\ZXdglj\j#figlYc`Z
jgXZ\jZXe_\cg`eflki\XZ_\]]fikj#Xjn\ccXj
`e[\m\cfg`e^jkiXk\^`\j]fimXi`fljZfddle`kp
j\kk`e^j1
The United States Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) offers a legal
definition of sexual harassment (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%\\fZ%^fm&\\fZ&glYc`ZXk`fej&]j$j\o%
Z]d
Based on results of a national survey of
7th-12th graders in the Spring of 2011, the
American Association of University Women
(AAUW) report Crossing the Line: Sexual
harassment in schools reveals how common
sexual harassment truly is among Americas
schools and how it impacts learning (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%XXln%fi^&c\Xie&i\j\XiZ_&lgcfX[&
:ifjj`e^K_\C`e\%g[]
The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rapeoffers a comprehensive prevention curriculum
for grades K-12 in Sexual Harassment
Prevention in Schools (PDF). _kkg1&&nnn%
gZXi%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&c\&K8&J\olXc$
?XiXjjd\ek$Gi\m\ek`fe$`e$JZ_ffcj$:lii`Zlcld$
DXelXc%g[]
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 5
The National Resource Center on Domestic
Violence and the National Sexual Violence
Resource Center created a resourceoutlining how gender and sexuality play a
part in harassment and bullying of students
in elementary, middle, and high school.
Addressing the Gendered Dimensions of
Harassment and Bullying: What domestic and
sexual violence advocates need to knowoffers
advocates suggestions for strengthening work
in school communities (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%mXne\k%fi^&8jjfZV=`c\jVM8Ne\k&:@9V?XiXjjd\ek9lccp`e^%g[]
D. Confidentiality
K_\Zfe[\ek`Xc`kpXe[gi`m`c\^\n`k_`ek_\
Zflej\cfi$jlim`mfi[peXd`ZgcXpjXgXik
`ele[\ijkXe[`e^k_\fm\iXccjpjk\df]
jlim`mfij\im`Z\j%8ck_fl^_`kdXpefkj\\d
c`b\XeXjg\Zkf]gi\m\ek`fenfib#`k`jk_\
i\jgfej`Y`c`kpf]\m\ipfe\`ek_\Xek`$j\olXcm`fc\eZ\dfm\d\ekkfY\XYc\kf\ogcX`ekf
Zfddle`kpgXike\ijXe[c\X[\ij_fnk_`j`j
Xe`dgfikXekgXikf]jlggfik`e^jlim`mfij
c\^XccpXe[\dfk`feXccp%:fe[\ek`Xc`kpXe[
k_\le`hl\ifc\f]X[mfZXk\jjlggfikjlim`mfij#
k_\`ij`^e`ZXekfk_\ij#Xe[k_\`iZfddle`k`\j
k_ifl^_kiljk$Yl`c[`e^#Zfddle`ZXk`fe#Xe[
dlklXci\jg\Zk%
E. Healthy sexuality/healthy relationships
Gifdfk`e^_\Xck_pj\olXc`kpXe[_\Xck_p
i\cXk`fej_`gY\_Xm`fijXi\jkiXk\^`\jk_Xk
j_fn_fnjfZ`XcefidjZXeY\^`ekfj_`]k
k_ifl^_`e[`m`[lXcY\_Xm`fiZ_Xe^\%FeZ\
g\fgc\_Xm\k_\jb`ccjXe[df[\cj#k_\p_Xm\
Xefggfikle`kpkfZi\Xk\Z_Xe^\n_\i\m\i
k_\pXi\%Gi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ije\\[
kfY\Zfd]fikXYc\[`jZljj`e^Zfej\ekXe[
Zfej\ejlXc[peXd`ZjYfk_n`k_`ek_\Zfek\ok
f]j\olXcXZk`m`kp#Xjn\ccXjfk_\iefe$j\olXc
`ek\iXZk`fej%
The theme for Sexual Assault Awareness
Month 2012 was healthy sexuality and
there are a number of resources available
to assist in organizing efforts, starting
community discussions, and developing
a social networking campaign (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&jXXd&i\jfliZ\j
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6 Sexual violence prevention
F. Mandated reporting
GXikf]k_\cXi^\igi\m\ek`feglqqc\`eZcl[\j
`e]fidXk`feXe[kiX`e`e^]fidXe[Xk\[
i\gfik`e^%DXe[Xk\[i\gfik`e^`jXgiXZk`ZXc
nXpkfY\^`e[`jZljj`fejn`k_Zfddle`kp
d\dY\ij2`ejk`klk`fej_Xm\Xc\^XcfYc`^Xk`fe
kfi\gfikXe[Y\kiX`e\[`ei\gfik`e^%JkXk\j
[`]]\i`ec\^`jcXk`feXe[gfc`ZpfedXe[Xk\[
i\gfik`e^f]Z_`c[XYlj\#`eZcl[`e^n_f`jX
dXe[Xk\[i\gfik\iXe[k_\gifZ\jjf]i\gfik`e^
kfXggifgi`Xk\Xlk_fi`k`\j%9\cfnXi\i\jfliZ\j
kfXjj`jkpfl`ee[`e^k_\cXnj`epfliXi\X1The United States Department of Health and
Human Services Administration for Children
and Families has a website that provides an
overview of mandated reporting statutes,
Mandatory Reporters of Child Abuse and
Neglect: Summary of State Laws (HMTL), as
well as a State Statutes Search page that
provides state-specific information on a
variety of policy issues (HMTL).
_kkg1&&nnn%Z_`c[n\c]Xi\%^fm&jpjk\dn`[\&cXnjV
gfc`Z`\j&jkXklk\j&dXe[X%Z]d
_kkg1&&nnn%Z_`c[n\c]Xi\%^fm&jpjk\dn`[\&cXnjV
gfc`Z`\j&jkXk\&`e[\o%Z]d6\m\ek4jkXk\JkXklk\j%
j_fnJ\XiZ_=fid
Break the Cycle released an Issue Brief,
Balancing Obligations: Serving Teen Victims
and Mandated Reporting of Statutory Rapethat outlines areas of concern, practical
implications, and resources for providers
serving teen victims (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%Yi\Xbk_\ZpZc\%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&
c\j&g[]&kX$`jjl\$Yi`\]$'/$'/%g[]
The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape
(PCAR) has a manual and PowerPoint
presentation for sexual assault advocates on
mandated reporting. These can be accessed
through PCARs website (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%gZXi%fi^&dXe[Xk\[$i\gfik\i$
kiX`e`e^
G. Knowledge on stalking
Gi\m\ek`fe`jkjdXpefk\eZflek\ijkXcb`e^Xj
Xgi\jj`e^Zfddle`kp`jjl\figifYc\d#Ylk
XnXi\e\jjZXe\hl`g`e[`m`[lXcjn`k_n\cc$
ifle[\[Xe[kiXej]\iXYc\hlXc`k`\jXe[XY`c`k`\j%
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 7
As part of the National Center for Victims of
Crimes Stalking Resource Center (HTML),
there are a number of resources including a
Quiz to assess your knowledge on stalking(HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%m`Zk`djf]Zi`d\%fi^&fli$gif^iXdj&
jkXcb`e^$i\jfliZ\$Z\ek\i
_kkg1&&jkXcb`e^XnXi\e\jjdfek_%fi^&hl`q
Workplaces Respond to Domestic and Sexual
Violence offers guidance on workplace polices
for domestic violence, sexual violence, dating
violence and stalking (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%nfibgcXZ\ji\jgfe[%fi^&c\Xie&
df[\c$gfc`Zp
H. Knowledge of Frameworks
J`d`cXikfk_\`dgfikXeZ\f]le[\ijkXe[`e^
jkXcb`e^#Y\`e^XYc\kf[`jZljjefidjXe[
]iXd\jZXe_\cggi\m\ek`fe`jkj`ek\iilgk
gXkk\iejf]Y\_Xm`fik_Xki\`e]fiZ\m`Zk`d$YcXd`e^%=fi\oXdgc\#n_\enfib`e^n`k_
`e[`m`[lXcj#Zfddle`kpfi^Xe`qXk`fej#fifk_\i
jpjk\dj#[`jZljj`fejf]XcZf_fc$]XZ`c`kXk\[
j\olXcXjjXlckXi\f]k\e]fZlj\[fedXb`e^jli\
pfle^nfd\e[fek[i`eb%@k`j`dgfikXekk_Xk
gi\m\ek`fe`jkj]\\cZfd]fikXYc\Xe[Zfe[\ek
`ei\[`i\Zk`e^jlZ_Zfem\ijXk`fejkfYpjkXe[\i
\e^X^\d\ek#_\Xck_pj\olXc`kp#figifdfk`e^
Xck\ieXk`m\df[\cjf]dXjZlc`e`kp%K_\j\
jkiXk\^`\jgcXZ\XZZflekXY`c`kpfegfk\ek`Xcg\ig\kiXkfijXe[k_\Zfddle`kp`e^\e\iXc#
iXk_\ik_Xefei\[lZ`e^i`jbXe[\dg_Xj`q`e^
m`Zk`d`qXk`fe%
I. People-first language
@efi[\ikfjkXp^\el`e\`ek_\gifdfk`fef]
jX]\Xe[i\jg\Zk]lcZfddle`k`\j#gi\m\ek`fe
giXZk`k`fe\ijj_flc[Zfej`jk\ekcplj\g\fgc\$ijkcXe^lX^\%Lj`e^g\fgc\$ijkcXe^lX^\
`ek\iilgkjjfZ`\kpjeXiifnm`\nf]`e[`m`[lXcj
Xe[Zfddle`k`\j%=fi\oXdgc\1jlim`mfij
n`k_[`jXY`c`k`\j#`e[`m`[lXcjn_f`[\ek`]pXj
c\jY`Xe#^Xp#Y`j\olXc#kiXej^\e[\i#hl\\iXe[
hl\jk`fe`e^RC>9KHT#fidXc\jlim`mfijf]
Z_`c[j\olXcXYlj\%
This language is rooted in the disability rightsmovement, but it is consistent with anti-
oppression work of other movements and
communities including anti-sexual violence.
The website Disability is Natural has a number
of resources by Kathie Snow on People-First
Language (PDF) and (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%[`jXY`c`kp`jeXkliXc%Zfd&`dX^\j&G;=&
g$j_'0%g[]
_kkg1&&nnn%[`jXY`c`kp`jeXkliXc%Zfd&`dX^\j&G;=&gZ_Xik'0%g[]
Ability to outline or describe how and whysexual violence is a public health problem
;`jZljj`e^j\olXcm`fc\eZ\XjXZfddle`kp
`jjl\ZXe_\cgYl`c[`ek\i\jkXe[jlggfik]fi
gi\m\ek`fe`e`k`Xk`m\j%K_`jdXpd\Xelj`e^X
glYc`Z_\Xck_XggifXZ_fi]iXd\nfibkfZfem\pk_\`dgfikXeZ\f]gi\m\ek`feXe[Zfddle`kp
dfY`c`qXk`fe%Gi\m\ek`fe`jkjdljkle[\ijkXe[
ZfeZ\gkjf]gi\m\ek`feXe[k_\glYc`Z_\Xck_
XggifXZ_#Xe[Y\XYc\kfkiXejcXk\k_fj\
gi`eZ`gc\j`ekfgiXZk`Z\k_ifl^_dfY`c`qXk`fe
Xe[\e^X^\d\ek%
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8 Sexual violence prevention
A. Oppression
N_\ek_`eb`e^XYflkk_\iffkZXlj\jf]
j\olXcm`fc\eZ\#^fY\pfe[k_`eb`e^f]j\o`jd
Xcfe\Xccjpjk\djf]fggi\jj`feZfeki`Ylk\kfm`fc\eZ\Xe[`e\hlXc`kp%Cp[`X>lpj
Re-Visioning the Sexual Violence Continuum
^`m\jXZk`m`jkjXm`jlXci\gi\j\ekXk`fef]_fn
fggi\jj`fe`eckiXk\jiXg\Zlckli\G;=%K_`j
kffcZXej\im\XjXYXj\]fiZfee\Zk`e^Xek`$
fggi\jj`fenfibXe[j\olXcm`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe
n_\e[`jZljj`e^gifa\Zkjn`k_fk_\ij`epfli
Zfddle`kp%
_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nZjXg%_lXe^%iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
IXg\:lckli\)''-%g[]
B. Guiding tools
@k`j`dgfikXekkf_Xm\XeldY\if]kffcjkf_\cg
fi^Xe`q\fijkilZkli\gi\m\ek`fenfib%
The social ecological model outlines the
different levels that impact trends, attitudes,
and behaviors. Individual, relationship,
community, and societal norms must be
addressed in order for sustainable change to
take place (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&m`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe&
fm\im`\n&jfZ`Xc$\Zfcf^`ZXcdf[\c%_kdc
The Spectrum of Prevention is a tool thataids communities in the development of
a comprehensive, multi-level prevention
strategy that goes beyond focusing on
individuals, but instead focuses on systems
and norms (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%ejmiZ%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&
GlYc`ZXk`fejVEJMI:V9ffbc\kjVJ\olXc$M`fc\eZ\$
Xe[$k_\$Jg\Zkild$f]$Gi\m\ek`feVKfnXi[j$X$
:fddle`kp$Jfclk`fe%g[]
When looking at studies and available research
on prevention initiatives for substance
abuse, risky sexual behavior, school failure,juvenile delinquency and violence, a group of
researchers found nine principles that were
evident in a majority of effective programs
(Nation, Crusto, Wandersman, Kumpfer,
Seybolt, Morrissey-Kane, & Davino, 2003).
These nine principles increase the likelihood
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 9
of success and positive impact (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%d\ekfi`e^%fi^&[fnecfX[j&
d\ekfi`e^V+%g[]
C. Perceptions
K_\cXe^lX^\lj\[kfkXcbXYflkj\olXcm`fc\eZ\
Xe[gi\m\ek`feZXe\`k_\ifg\ed`e[jfi
Zcfj\k_\d%Le[\ijkXe[`e^n_Xkg\fgc\kilcp
k_`ebXYflkn_\ek_\p_\Xij\olXcm`fc\eZ\
ZXe_\cggi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ij`egif^iXd
[\m\cfgd\ekXe[[\c`m\ip%
The National Sexual Violence Resource
Center and the Frameworks Institute have
been working on developing messages
around sexual violence that are consistent
and engage the general public in productive
conversations around prevention (HTML)%
_kkg1&&nnn%]iXd\nfibj`ejk`klk\%fi^&
j\olXcm`fc\eZ\%_kdc
D. Social changeGi\m\ek`fe`jkjj_flc[_Xm\XZc\Xi
le[\ijkXe[`e^f]k_\nfic[k_\pXi\nfib`e^
kfnXi[%Gifdfk`e^jfZ`XcXZk`fe#_\Xck_p
j\olXc`kp#gfc`ZpZ_Xe^\#Xe[Xek`$fggi\jj`fe
\]]fikj^`m\Zfddle`k`\jXe\ndf[\c%KXcb`e^
XYflkn_Xkefkkf[f`j`dgfikXekn_\e
gifm`[`e^gi\c`d`eXip\[lZXk`fe#Ylkgi\m\ek`fe
_Xgg\ej`eZ_Xe^`e^Y\_Xm`fijXe[jfZ`Xc
efidj%Gifdfk`e^_\Xck_#n\cce\jj#Zfej\ek#
Xe[i\jg\Zk\eZfliX^\jk_fj\Z_Xe^\j%
Risk and protective factors are a basic
introduction to investigating the areas where
individuals, communities, and society have
strengths and assets. This resource can help
discussions exploring those strengths (HTML).
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&
j\olXcm`fc\eZ\&i`jbgifk\Zk`m\]XZkfij%_kdc
The American College Health Association
provides frameworks for doing prevention
work on college campuses in Shifting the
Paradigm: Primary prevention of sexual
violence (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%XZ_X%fi^&j\olXcm`fc\eZ\&[fZj&
8:?8VGJMVkffcb`k%g[]
Ability to make connections betweenanti-oppression work and sexual violenceprevention accessible to their community
J\olXcm`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe`j`eki`ej`ZXccp
c`eb\[n`k_\e[`e^Xcc]fidjf]fggi\jj`fe
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10 Sexual violence prevention
`eZcl[`e^j\o`jd#iXZ`jd#ZcXjj`jd#_\k\ifj\o`jd#
kiXejg_fY`X#XYc\`jd#X[lck`jd#Xe[X^\`jd#
Xdfe^fk_\ij%@k`j`dgfikXekk_Xkgi\m\ek`fe
`e`k`Xk`m\jXZbefnc\[^\Xe[X[[i\jjk_\j\
`e\hlXc`k`\j%8e\oXdgc\f]k_`jjkiXk\^pnflc[
Y\_fjk`e^nfibj_fgj]fiZfddle`kpgXike\ij
]fZlj\[fek_\Zfee\Zk`fejY\kn\\e]fidj
f]fggi\jj`feXe[j\olXcm`fc\eZ\#Xjn\ccXj
Xjj`jk`e^k_\d`e[\m\cfg`e^Zfddle`kp$YXj\[
jkiXk\^`\jkfX[[i\jjgi`fi`kp`jjl\j`ek_\
Zfddle`kp%
A. The YWCA of Greater Flints online training
manual for volunteers has a comprehensive
overview of the connections between anti-
oppression and anti-violence work (HTML).
_kkg1&&mfclek\\idXelXc%nfi[gi\jj%
Zfd&)'((&'*&))&Xek`$fggi\jj`fe$k_\fip&
B. The VAWNet Applied Research Paper
Changing Perceptions of Sexual Violence
Over Time outlines the evolution of the anti-
sexual violence movement and highlights the
importance of culturally-relevant prevention
approaches (PDF).
_kkg1&&nnn%mXne\k%fi^&8jjfZV=`c\jVM8Ne\k&
8IV:_Xe^`e^G\iZ\gk`fej%g[]
8]k\ii\m`\n`e^k_\j\`ekif[lZkfipdXk\i`Xcj#
kfg`Zj]fi]lik_\i\ogcfiXk`feZflc[`eZcl[\1
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 1
>cfYXcXe[Yfi[\iZfee\Zk`fejXe[gfc`k`Zj
?\Xck_ZXi\Xe[XZZ\jjkfZfdg\k\ekj\im`Z\j
CXe^lX^\XZZ\jj
@dd`^iXk`fe
C\jY`Xe#^Xp#Y`j\olXc#kiXej^\e[\i#hl\\ifi
hl\jk`fe`e^C>9KHZfddle`k`\jXe[^\e[\i
\ogi\jj`fe
Dlck`Xe[kiXej$\k_e`Z#iXZ`XcXe[ZlckliXc
`[\ek`kp
I\jkfi`e^jfm\i\`^ekp]fiKi`YXcXe[
@e[`^\efljEXk`fej
Ability to identify and implementfoundational elements of programdevelopment, evaluation, and data analysis
GXikf][f`e^\]]\Zk`m\gi\m\ek`fenfib`jY\`e^
XYc\kfd\Xjli\\]]\Zk`m\e\jj%Efk\m\ipfe\
i\Z\`m\jX[mXeZ\[[\^i\\j`ejkXk`jk`ZjXe[
\mXclXk`fe2k_\i\]fi\k_\i\Xi\dXepi\jfliZ\j
]fidXb`e^k_\\mXclXk`fegifZ\jjgiXZk`ZXcXe[XZZ\jj`Yc\%=`e[`e^j]ifdXe\]]\Zk`m\
\mXclXk`feZXe_\cgn`k_gif^iXd[\m\cfgd\ek#
Xggcp`e^]fi]le[`e^#dXb`e^i\Zfdd\e[Xk`fej
kf]le[\ij#Xe[i\Zil`k`e^Zfddle`kpjlggfik%
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12 Sexual violence prevention
Applying the Principles of Prevention: WhatDo Prevention Practitioners Need to Know
About What Works? (PDF)_kkg1&&nnn%d\ekfi`e^%fi^&[fnecfX[j&
d\ekfi`e^V+%g[]
B. Evaluation and AssessmentK_\:;:_Xj[fZld\ekj\ogcfi`e^nXpj`e
n_`Z_\m`[\eZ\ZXeY\ZfeZ\gklXc`q\[Xe[
^Xk_\i\[1
i. Measuring Bullying Victimization,
Perpetration, and Bystander Experiences:
A Compendium of Assessment Tools(PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&
9lccp:fdg\e[`ld$X%g[]
ii. Understanding Evidence Part 1: Best
Available Research Evidence (PDF)
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z%^fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&
Le[\ijkXe[`e^V
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 13
Philantropy411 Blog post 10 Great Resources
for Creating a Theory of Change (HTML)
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Zfd&)'('&'*&)0&k_\fipf]Z_Xe^\&
The Aspen Institutes The Community
Builders Approach to Theory of Change: A
Practical Guide to Theory Development (PDF)_kkg1&&nnn%[fZ_Xj%`\&J_Xi\[&=`c\j&+&KF:V]XZV
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Commitment to collaboration and trust in
community partners to organize and sustainsexual violence prevention efforts
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]fi\e[`e^j\olXcm`fc\eZ\`j_Xe[\[fm\ikf
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kiX`e`e^Xe[jlggfik#YlkkiljkXe[i\jg\Zk]fi
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A. The Community Tool Box is a global
resource for free information on essential
skills for building healthy communities. It
offers more than 7,000 pages of practical
guidance in creating change and improvement
(HTML).
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B. Several editions of the Washington Coalition
of Sexual Assault Programs (WCSAP)
newsletter, Partners in Social Change,
offer practical guidance and resources on
community mobilization and engagement:
i. Community Development as a
Foundational Framework, Summer 2007
(PDF)
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iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
:fddle`kp;\m\cfgd\ek)''.%g[]
ii. Needs and Resources Assessment, Winter
2008 (PDF)
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nZjXg%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
E\\[jI\jfliZ\8jj\jjd\ek)''/%g[]
iii. Revisiting the Seven Steps of
Community Development, Spring 2008
(PDF)
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nZjXg%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&
:fddle`kp;\m\cfgd\ek)''/%g[]
C. Rooted in social action research and
community accountability, The New York City
Alliance Against Sexual Assault and 11 of the
citys sexual assault programs are taking part
in a six-year citywide project to prevent sexua
violence. The goal of Project ENVISION is to
change the social norms that promote and
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14 Sexual violence prevention
permit sexual violence in NYC so that there
will be a reduction in perpetration of sexual
violence (HTML).
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Personal attributes and characteristics ofindividuals that could support longevityand appropriate fit with the work ofprevention
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Xi\ekkiX`eXYc\e\Z\jjXi`cp%C\X[\ij_`gXe[
`e[`m`[lXcj_`i`e^]figi\m\ek`fegiXZk`k`fe\ij
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afY[\jZi`gk`fejfiZfe[lZk`e^`ek\im`\nj%
R=fidfi\^l`[XeZ\fe_`i`e^\]]\Zk`m\giXZk`k`fe\ijj\\Guidance for Hiring, Training,
and Supporting Community Prevention
PractitionersT%
Passion for social justice and sexual
violence prevention. 8ck_fl^_`k`jc`jk\[
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Visionary and/or big picture orientation to
problem-solving.
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 15
About the Authors
Liz Zadnik `j
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16 Sexual violence prevention
References
8d\i`ZXe:fcc\^\?\Xck_8jjfZ`Xk`fe%)''/%Shifting the paradigm: Primary prevention of sexual violence%I\ki`\m\[]ifd1
_kkg1&&nnn%XZ_X%fi^&j\olXcm`fc\eZ\&[fZj&8:?8VGJMVkffcb`k%g[]
8e[\ijfe#8%e%[%%The community builders approach to theory of change: A practical guide to theory development. E\nPfib#EP18jg\eIfle[KXYc\%I\ki`\m\[
]ifd1_kkg1&&nnn%[fZ_Xj% \&J_Xi\[&=`c\j&+&KF:V]XZV^l`[\%g[]
8ek`$fggi\jj`fek_\fip%)'((#DXiZ_%@eYWCA of Greater Flint training manual.I\ki`\m\[]ifd
_kkg1&&mfclek\\idXelXc%nfi[gi\jj%Zfd&)'((&'*&))&Xek`$fggi\jj`fe$k_\fip
9i\Xbk_\:pcZ\%)''/#8l^ljk%9XcXeZ`e^fYc`^Xk`fej1J\im`e^k\\em`Zk`djXe[dXe[Xk\[i\gfik`e^f]jkXklkfipiXg\@jjl\9i`\]Ef%*%I\ki`\m\[]ifd1
_kkg1&&nnn%Yi\Xbk_\ZpZc\%fi^&j`k\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&g[]&kX$`jjl\$Yi`\]$'/$'/%g[]
:\ek\ij]fi;`j\Xj\:fekifcXe[Gi\m\ek`fe#EXk`feXc:\ek\i]fi@ealipGi\m\ek`feXe[:fekifc%e%[%%Continuum of evidence of effectiveness.I\ki`\m\[]ifd
_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z% fm&m`fc\eZ\gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&:fek`elld)':_Xik$X%g[]
:\ek\ij]fi;`j\Xj\:fekifcXe[Gi\m\ek`fe#EXk`feXc:\ek\i]fi@ealipGi\m\ek`feXe[:fekifc%)''+%CDCs Rape Prevention and Education Grant Program:
Preventing sexual violence in the United States.I\ki`\m\[]ifd1_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z% fm&eZ`gZ&glY$i\j&g[]&IGlp#C%)''-#=Xcc%I\$m`j`fe`e^k_\j\olXcm`fc\eZ\Zfek`elld%Partners in Social Change, IX(#+$.%I\ki`\m\[]ifdk_\NXj_`e^kfe:fXc`k`fef]J\olXc8jjXlck
Gif^iXdj1_kkg1&&nnn%nZjXg%fi^&j`k\j&nZjXg%_lXe^%iX[`ZXc[\j`^ej%fi^&c\j&lgcfX[j&[fZld\ekj&IXg\:lckli\)''-%g[]
?XdYli^\i#D%
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 17
EXk`fe#D%#:iljkf#:%#NXe[\ijdXe#8%#Bldg]\i#B%C%#J\pYfck#;%#Dfii`jj\p$BXe\#
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18 Sexual violence prevention
G\eejpcmXe`X:fXc`k`fe8^X`ejkIXg\%)''0%Sexual harassment prevention in schools: A facilitators manual and curriculum for grades 1 through 12. I\ki`\m\[
]ifd_kkg1&&nnn%gZXi%fi^&jk\j&[\]Xlck&c\j&c\&K8&J\olXc$?XiXjjd\ek$Gi\m\ek`fe$`e$JZ_ffcj$:lii`Zlcld$DXelXc%g[]
G\eejpcmXe`X:fXc`k`fe8^X`ejkIXg\%)'((%Mandated reporter training.8mX`cXYc\Xk_kkg1&&nnn%gZXi%fi^&dXe[Xk\[$i\gfik\i$kiX`e`e^
Gl[[p#I%N%#N`cb`ej#E%)'((%Understanding evidence part 1: Best available research evidence. A guide to the continuum of evidence of effectiveness. I\ki`\m\[
]ifdk_\:\ek\ij]fi;`j\Xj\:fekifcXe[Gi\m\ek`fe1_kkg1&&nnn%Z[Z% fm&M`fc\eZ\Gi\m\ek`fe&g[]&Le[\ijkXe[`e^V
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Qualities and Abilities of Effective and Confident Prevention Practitioners 19
L%J%
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Conflict Resolution or Facilitation Skills: I\cXk`m\Zfd]fikXe[Zfe[\eZ\`edXeX^`e^\oZ_Xe^\j
fi[`Xcf^l\jn_\i\Zfe`Zk`e^fg`e`fejfiY\c`\]jXi\`emfcm\[%8Yc\kf_`^_c`^_kjki\e^k_jXe[
Zfddfe^fXcjf]\XZ_g\ijg\Zk`m\Xe[e[nXpjkfZfcc\Zk`m\cpZfdgifd`j\]fik_\cXi \i^fXc%
Commitment to social change: N`cc`e^Xe[XYc\kf\e^X^\`eZfddle`kp$YXj\[XZk`m`k`\jXe[
\]]fikjk_Xk]fZljfeZ_Xe^`e^jfZ`Xcefidj#Xkk`kl[\jXe[Y\_Xm`fij%
Creativity:N_\e]XZ\[n`k_XZ_Xcc\e^\figfk\ek`XcYXii`\i#k_\Xggc`ZXekZXeYiX`ejkfide\n
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Qualifications and Education Requirements
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Education and/or experience:9XZ_\cfij[\^i\\9%8%`ec`Y\iXcXikjfijfZ`XcjZ`\eZ\\c[jlZ_Xj
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