The Perils of IP in a digital The Perils of IP in a digital ageage

Seanchaí

Blackboard Patent 2006Blackboard Patent 2006

No. 6,988,138No. 6,988,138

““Internet based education support systems Internet based education support systems and methods”and methods”

Desire2Learn

Blackboard HQ

Lufkin, Texas

Blackboard patent Bollywood styleBlackboard patent Bollywood style

http://metamedia.typepad.com/metamedia/2008/04/the-adventures.htmlhttp://metamedia.typepad.com/metamedia/2008/04/the-adventures.html

Lessig

Stanford

Boyle

Duke

Lessig

Innovation revolution

Commerce Counter-revolution

Law

Technology

Concentrated control of knowledge resources

Boyle

SecondEnclosure

Commons of the mind

Silence is [golden] profitableSilence is [golden] profitable

DMCA 1998DMCA 1998

EUCD 2001EUCD 2001

DeCSS 1999DeCSS 1999

DVD JonDVD Jon

Universal v CorleyUniversal v Corley

Sklyarov 2001Sklyarov 2001

FeltenFelten

SunnComm MediaMax CD3SunnComm MediaMax CD3

&&

Haldermann’s shift keyHaldermann’s shift key

20032003

BlackboardBlackboard

Hoffman & Griffith 2003Hoffman & Griffith 2003

http://www.chillingeffects.org/weather.cgi?WeatherID=383http://www.chillingeffects.org/weather.cgi?WeatherID=383

Adobe in WonderlandAdobe in Wonderland

RealNetworks v Apple 2004RealNetworks v Apple 2004

P2PP2P

Napster, GroksterNapster, Grokster

Universal v SonyUniversal v Sony

The United States Supreme Court unanimously confirmed that using this The United States Supreme Court unanimously confirmed that using this service to trade copyrighted material is illegal.service to trade copyrighted material is illegal.

Copying copyrighted motion picture and music files using unauthorized peer-to-Copying copyrighted motion picture and music files using unauthorized peer-to-peer services is illegal and is prosecuted by copyright owners.peer services is illegal and is prosecuted by copyright owners.

There are legal services for downloading music and movies.There are legal services for downloading music and movies.

This service is not one of them.This service is not one of them.

YOUR IP ADDRESS IS 82.24.170.84 AND HAS BEEN LOGGED.YOUR IP ADDRESS IS 82.24.170.84 AND HAS BEEN LOGGED.

Don't think you can't get caught. You are not anonymous.Don't think you can't get caught. You are not anonymous.

In the meantime, please visit In the meantime, please visit www.respectcopyrights.comwww.respectcopyrights.com and and www.musicunited.orgwww.musicunited.org to learn more to learn more about copyright.about copyright.

Copyright Clearance Center – BlackboardCopyright Clearance Center – Blackboard

20052005

Automated clearance tool Automated clearance tool

From ‘fair use’ to ‘fared use’From ‘fair use’ to ‘fared use’

Gowers Review UK 2006Gowers Review UK 2006 IP enforcementIP enforcement

IP crime – police and trading standardsIP crime – police and trading standards 10 years jail10 years jail

Reform of copyrightReform of copyright Balance – fair dealing & exceptions for private format shiftingBalance – fair dealing & exceptions for private format shifting Libraries, archives, educationLibraries, archives, education No term extension on sound recordings - economicsNo term extension on sound recordings - economics

Patent Office Patent Office → IPO→ IPO Advisory Board on IP Policy Advisory Board on IP Policy

Gene patentsGene patents

Software patentsSoftware patents

Trusted computingTrusted computing

Network architecturesNetwork architectures

WIPO, TRIPS, IPREDWIPO, TRIPS, IPRED

Policy launderingPolicy laundering

ACTAACTA

Music industry > 30k individual lawsuitsMusic industry > 30k individual lawsuits

Jammie Thomas $222,000Jammie Thomas $222,000

20072007

UK individual lawsuitsUK individual lawsuits

Isabela Barwinska £16,000Isabela Barwinska £16,000

August 2008August 2008

E-commerce directiveE-commerce directive

Notice & takedownNotice & takedown

ISPs ID suspects?ISPs ID suspects?

Three strikesThree strikes

Promusicae v TelefonicaPromusicae v Telefonica

Diamond v Chakrabarty 1980Diamond v Chakrabarty 1980Moore v Regents of University of California 1990Moore v Regents of University of California 1990

State Street Bank 1998State Street Bank 1998Amazon 1-click 1999 - 2007Amazon 1-click 1999 - 2007

BT v Prodigy (hypertext linking case)BT v Prodigy (hypertext linking case)Sony v Owen 2002Sony v Owen 2002

Eldred v Ashcroft 2003Eldred v Ashcroft 2003MercExchange v eBay 2005-07MercExchange v eBay 2005-07RIM v NTP (Blackberry case)RIM v NTP (Blackberry case)

Microsoft v Eolas (plug ins and applets)Microsoft v Eolas (plug ins and applets)Microsoft v Alcatel MP3 case Microsoft v Alcatel MP3 case

Universal v Sharman Networks (KaZaa)Universal v Sharman Networks (KaZaa)International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) 2007International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) 2007

Acacia v Red Hat & NovellAcacia v Red Hat & NovellViacom v YouTubeViacom v YouTube

LG Electronics v Quanta ComputerLG Electronics v Quanta Computer

MicrosoftMicrosoft

BoyleBoyle

7 Ways to Ruin a Technological Revolution7 Ways to Ruin a Technological Revolution

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8538240380002213699http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8538240380002213699

Second enclosure movementSecond enclosure movement

Lessig Lessig

Counter-revolution succeedingCounter-revolution succeeding

Stakeholders (winners & losers)Stakeholders (winners & losers)

Public(Consumers)

CreatorsAgents*

* Business e.g. Music, film, software, media companies, publishers

CreatorsCreators

Z depends on i) term ii) scope iii) penalties iv) case law v)enforcement

ConsumersConsumers

Societal welfare equals (weighted) sum of Societal welfare equals (weighted) sum of consumers, creators & agentsconsumers, creators & agents

Agents of creatorsAgents of creators

Music, film, software, media companies Music, film, software, media companies and publishersand publishers

Za > Zc

Lined upLined up

PossiblyZa > Zc > Zconsumers

EvidenceEvidence Optimal strength varies for creators, agents and Optimal strength varies for creators, agents and

consumersconsumers Possibly ZPossibly Zaa > Z > Zcc > Z > Zconsumersconsumers We don’t knowWe don’t know Very little empirical evidenceVery little empirical evidence

Case study of specific firmsCase study of specific firms Surveys of creators, firms, lawyers, etcSurveys of creators, firms, lawyers, etc Data & econometricsData & econometrics National or sector trends/comparisonsNational or sector trends/comparisons Sales of CDs, films, etcSales of CDs, films, etc Collecting society dataCollecting society data Legal cases matched to firm-level dataLegal cases matched to firm-level data

Recent proposed changesRecent proposed changes

3 strikes3 strikes Winners - agents & creatorsWinners - agents & creators Losers - agents & creators & publicLosers - agents & creators & public

Term extensionTerm extension Winners - agents & creatorsWinners - agents & creators Losers - agents & creators & publicLosers - agents & creators & public 4% > 20 years old available 4% > 20 years old available 96% locked up96% locked up

ACTAACTA ?????????????????????????? Public

CreatorsAgents

Thanks and QsThanks and Qs