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Main-Group Elements
The chemical properties of the main-group elements depends on their number of valence electrons
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding
Valence Electrons & Chemical Properties Each group of the main-group
elements has the same number of valence electrons
Each element wants to be as stable as possible
All main-group elements want a full shell of electrons, which is 8 valence electrons
Valence Electrons & Chemical Properties Each group forms ions based on
the easiest way to obtain this full shell
Also known as the octet rule
Family Groups
Noble Gases (Group 18) Examples: Ne, Xe Description:
stable, unreactive group of gases
Number of Valence Electrons: 8
Forms NO ions
Family Groups
Halogens (Group 17) Examples: F, Cl Description: Highly reactive group of gases
Number of Valence Electrons: 7
Forms 1- ions
Family Groups
Alkali Metals (Group 1) Examples: Na, K (not H) Description: Highly reactive group of metals
Number of Valence Electrons: 1
Forms 1+ ions
Family Groups
Alkaline-Earth Metals (Group 2) Examples: Be, Mg Description: Slightly less reactive group
than alkali metals Number of Valence Electrons: 2 Forms 2+ ions
Family Groups
Transition Metals (Group 3 – 12) Examples: Fe, Au, Ag Description: Fairly stable group of metals Forms multiple ions
Family Groups
Lanthanides & Actinides Location: Bottom 2 periods of PT Description: Heavy metals, synthetics,
radioactive