The Periodic Table of Elements

Block 6 & 7SNC1D1 Grade 9 Science

• The periodic table contains information on all the known

elements of the universe• Metals, metalloids, and non-metals• Rows in the periodic table are called

periods• Columns are called groups

Recall from Wednesday

Each group/family has a name

C. Families

Alkali Metals

First column…called “Group 1”

• VERY REACTIVE metals

• Always found combined in nature with another element

• Soft enough to be cut with a butter knife!

VIDEO DEMO: Comparing Family Behaviours

Metal Group

Period

Appearance of metal

Reactant

Observations of reaction

Li H2O

Na H2O

K H2O

Rb H2O

Cs H2O

Table 1: Observations of Group 1 Metals

VIDEO DEMO: Comparing Family Behaviours

Metal Group

Period

Appearance of metal

Reactant

Observations of reaction

Li 1 2 H2O

Na 1 3 H2O

K 1 4 H2O

Rb 1 5 H2O

Cs 1 6 H2O

Table 1: Observations of Group 1 Metals

Alkali Metals in water

See Videos:

Lithium

Sodium

Potassium

Rubidium & Cesium

VIDEO DEMO: Comparing Family Behaviours

Table 1: Observations of Group 1 Metals

Metal Group

Period

Appearance of metal

Reactant

Observations of reaction

Li 1 2 Silvery, soft H2O Bubbles/gas forms

Na 1 3 Silvery, soft H2O Bubbles form fast, burns with orange flame

K 1 4 Silvery, soft H2O Faster rxn than Na, burns with lilac flame

Rb 1 5 Silvery, soft H2O Faster rxn than K, flames flying

Cs 1 6 Silvery, soft H2O Faster rxn than Rb, flames flying, breaking glass

What would you expect from Francium?!?!

Alkaline Earth Metals

Second column…called “Group 2”

• REACTIVE metals , but not as much as Group 1

• Always combine with non-metals in nature

• Some make up important minerals in our diet

VIDEO DEMO: Comparing Family Behaviours

Metal Group

Period

Appearance of metal

Reactant

Observations of reaction

Mg H2O

Ca H2O

Table 2: Observations of Group 2 Metals

VIDEO DEMO: Comparing Family Behaviours

Metal Group

Period

Appearance of metal

Reactant

Observations of reaction

Mg 2 3 Silvery, slightly soft

H2O

Ca 2 4 Silvery, harder metal

H2O

Table 2: Observations of Group 2 Metals

See Videos:MagnesiumCalcium

VIDEO DEMO: Comparing Family Behaviours

Metal Group

Period

Appearance of metal

Reactant

Observations of reaction

Mg 2 3 Silvery, slightly soft

H2O Bubbles formed on Mg strip

Ca 2 4 Silvery, harder metal

H2O Bubbles quickly forming, fast reaction

Table 2: Observations of Group 2 Metals

Transition Metals

Middle Section…Groups 3-12

• Hard metals that are less reactive

• Metals used in construction and jewellery

• Also used to make paints and other pigments

The Halogens

Column 17…called “Group 7”

• REACTIVE non-metals and volatile (gaseous)

• Always combine with metals in nature

• Used as disinfectants (Cl) & to strengthen teeth (F)

Noble Gases

Column 18…called “Group 8”

• Very UNREACTIVE gases because they have a full outer shell of electrons

• Used in “neon” signs and balloons

Jellyfish lamps made with noble gases artist- Eric Ehlenberger

Colors Noble Gases produce in lamp tubes:

• Ne (Neon): orange-red

• Hg (Mercury): light blue

• Ar (Argon): pale lavender

• He (Helium): pale peach

• Kr (Krypton): pale silver

• Xe (Xenon): pale, deep blue

HOMEWORK

• Memorize the name & symbols of 1st 20 elements + Fe, Ag, Au, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Sn, Hg, Pt, W

• Block 7 text questions