The Periodic Table of the Elements

Learning Goals

To be able to describe properties of the periodic table

The Modern Periodic Table

The periodic table is an organized arrangement of all the elements that explains and predicts their physical and chemical properties

The main information about an element includes: Atomic number Name Symbol Atomic Mass

The Modern Periodic Table

Elements are arranged according to their atomic number

When elements are arranged according to their atomic number, a pattern can be seen in which similar properties occur

Chemical Symbols

Each element has its own symbol The first letter of every chemical symbol is a capital

letter, e.g. N for nitrogen If there is a second letter, it is a lowercase letter, e.g. He

for helium Symbols are often the first or first and second letter in the

element’s name Some symbols come from the Latin name for the element

N He

Chemical SymbolsElement Name Chemical

Symbol Latin Name Meaning of Name

silver Ag argentum Latin for “silver”copper Cu cuprum Latin for “Cyprian” (metal

from the island Cyprus)iron Fe ferrum Latin for “grey”

mercury Hg hydrargyrum Latin for “liquid silver”

potassium K kaliumLatin for an Arabic word, al-qalyah, meaning “plant ashes”

sodium Na natrium Latin for “sodium”lead Pb plumbum Latin for “lead”tin Sn stannum Latin for “tin”

Trends in the Periodic Table

With a few exceptions, atomic numbers are in the same order as atomic masses

The lightest elements have the lowest atomic numbers and the heaviest elements have the highest atomic numbers

1 18

1

   

H He  2 13 14 15 16 17  

2

               

Li Be B C N O F Ne               

3

               

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12            

4

                                   

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr                                   

5

                                   

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe                                   

6

                                   

Cs Ba * Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn                                   

7

                                 

Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo                                   

Lightest

Heaviest

Metals and Non-Metals

The periodic table includes a staircase line separating metals from non-metals

Metals are on the left side Non-metals are on the right side Hydrogen is an exception Elements along the staircase line

are metalloids

18

 

He13 14 15 16 17  

           

B C N O F Ne                      

Al Si P S Cl Ar           

           

Ga Ge As Se Br Kr                      

In Sn Sb Te I Xe                      

Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn           

1 18

1

   

H He  2 13 14 15 16 17  

2

               

Li Be B C N O F Ne               

3

               

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12            

4

                                   

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr                                   

5

                                   

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe                                   

6

                                   

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn                                   

Metals

Non-MetalsMetalloids

Hydrogen

Periods

The horizontal rows across the periodic table are called periods

There are 7 periods

Periods

1 18

1   

H He  2 13 14 15 16 17  

2               

Li Be B C N O F Ne               

3               

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12            

4                                   

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr                                   

5                                   

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe                                   

6                                   

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn                                   

Groups or Families

The vertical columns down the periodic table are called groups or families

Elements in the same group have many similar properties

1 18

1

   

H He  2 13 14 15 16 17  

2

               

Li Be B C N O F Ne               

3

               

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar    3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12            

4

                                   

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr                                   

5

                                   

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe                                   

6

                                   

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn                                   

Groups

Success Criteria

I CAN locate the periods and groups within the periodic table

To Do…

Element Names and Symbols Observing the Elements Exploring the Periodic Table Element Poster (after quiz tomorrow)