THE PERIPHERAL THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM

The Spinal NervesThe Spinal Nerves

1. General Description 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves

Cervical Nerves : 8 pairs

Thoracic Nerves : 12 pairs

Lumbar Nerves : 5 pairs

Sacral Nerves : 5 pairs

Coccygeal Nerves : 1 pair

1. General Description 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves

Cervical Nerves : 8 pairs

Thoracic Nerves : 12 pairs

Lumbar Nerves : 5 pairs

Sacral Nerves : 5 pairs

Coccygeal Nerves : 1 pair

Two Roots of Spinal Nerves– Anterior Root: motor fibers– Posterior Root: sensory fibers

Four Types of Fibers in Spinal Nerves– The Somatic afferent (sensory) FibersThe Somatic afferent (sensory) Fibers- The Visceral afferent (sensory) Fibers- The Visceral afferent (sensory) Fibers– The Somatic efferent (motor) FibersThe Somatic efferent (motor) Fibers- The Visceral efferent (motor) Fibers- The Visceral efferent (motor) Fibers

Four Types of Fibers in Spinal Nerves– The Somatic afferent (sensory) FibersThe Somatic afferent (sensory) Fibers- The Visceral afferent (sensory) Fibers- The Visceral afferent (sensory) Fibers– The Somatic efferent (motor) FibersThe Somatic efferent (motor) Fibers- The Visceral efferent (motor) Fibers- The Visceral efferent (motor) Fibers

Four Branches of a Spinal Nerves– Anterior Branch Posterior Branch– Meningeal Branch Communicating Branches

Four Branches of a Spinal Nerves

Four Plexuses– Cervical Plexus– Brachial Plexus– Lumbar Plexus– Sacral Plexus

The thoracic nerves

are separated from

each other.

The cervical PlexusThe cervical PlexusThe Formation of the Cervical Plexus: The anterior branches of the 1st to 4th cervical

nerves (C1~4)

• The Superficial BranchesThe Superficial Branches（（ sternocleidomastoid m.)sternocleidomastoid m.)

The lesser occipital nerveThe lesser occipital nerve

The great auricular nerveThe great auricular nerve

The transverse nerve of neckThe transverse nerve of neck

The supraclavicular nervesThe supraclavicular nerves

The Deep BranchesThe Deep Branches– The phrenic nerveThe phrenic nerve

The Brachial Plexus The Brachial Plexus (scalene fissure, axilla)(scalene fissure, axilla) formation:formation: root(C5 – T1) trunk root(C5 – T1) trunk

division corddivision cord

branches and distributionbranches and distribution Brachial plexus : Brachial plexus : tthe long thoracic he long thoracic

the musculocutaneous nervethe musculocutaneous nerve

lateral cordlateral cord lateral pectoral nerve lateral pectoral nerve

the median nerve the median nerve

Medial cordMedial cord the ulnar nerve the ulnar nerve

medial pectoral nervemedial pectoral nerve

the radial nervethe radial nerve

Posterior cordPosterior cord the axillary nerve the axillary nerve

the thoracodorsal nervethe thoracodorsal nerve

the musculocutaneous n.the musculocutaneous n.

the axillary n.the axillary n. tthe long thoracic n.he long thoracic n.

medial pectoral n.medial pectoral n.

lateral pectoral n.lateral pectoral n.

median n.median n.

the ulnar n. the ulnar n. the radialthe radial n n..

the thoracodorsal n.the thoracodorsal n.

tthe long thoracic n. he long thoracic n. serratus anteriorserratus anterior

the musculocutaneous nerve anterior group of the armthe musculocutaneous nerve anterior group of the arm

lateral pectoral nerv lateral pectoral nerv the pectoralis major the pectoralis major

medial pectoral nerv medial pectoral nerv pectoralis minor pectoralis minor

the median nerve the most of anterior group of the the median nerve the most of anterior group of the

forearm and part muscles of handforearm and part muscles of hand

the ulnar nerve the part of anterior group of the the ulnar nerve the part of anterior group of the

forearm and part muscles of handforearm and part muscles of hand

the radial nervethe radial nerve posterior group of arm and posterior posterior group of arm and posterior

group of the forearmgroup of the forearm

the axillary nerve deltoidthe axillary nerve deltoid

the thoracodorsal nerve the thoracodorsal nerve latissimus dorsi latissimus dorsi

Radial NerveRadial Nerve

The Anterior Branches of the Thoracic The Anterior Branches of the Thoracic NervesNerves

————Intercostal and subcostal nerveIntercostal and subcostal nerve

The segmental distribution of the anterior branches of The segmental distribution of the anterior branches of the thoracic nervesthe thoracic nerves

T2: the sternal angle T8: the costal arch

T4: the nipple T10: the umbilicus

T6: the xiphoid processT12: the anterior superior iliac spin

The Lumbar PlexusThe Lumbar PlexusThe formation of the lumbar plexus: The formation of the lumbar plexus:

TT12 12 (part)+L(part)+L1~31~3+L+L4 4 (part)(part)

The branches of the lumbar plexusThe branches of the lumbar plexusThe iliohypogastric nerve The femoral nerveThe iliohypogastric nerve The femoral nerveThe ilioinguinal nerve The obturator nerveThe ilioinguinal nerve The obturator nerveThe lateral femoral cutaneous nerve The genitofemoral nerveThe lateral femoral cutaneous nerve The genitofemoral nerve

The Sacral PlexusThe Sacral Plexus

The formation of the sacral plexusThe formation of the sacral plexus

The lumbosacral trunk(LThe lumbosacral trunk(L4~54~5)+S)+S1~51~5+Co+Co

The branches of The branches of the sacral plexusthe sacral plexus

The branches of the sacral plexusThe branches of the sacral plexus

–The superior gluteal n.The superior gluteal n.

–The inferior gluteal n.The inferior gluteal n.

–The pudendal n.The pudendal n.

The anal nervesThe anal nerves

The perineal nerveThe perineal nerve

The dorsal nerve of The dorsal nerve of

penis or clitorispenis or clitoris

- The posterior femoral - The posterior femoral

cutaneous n.cutaneous n.

The sciatic nerveThe sciatic nerve(Poplited fossa)(Poplited fossa)

•The tibial nerveThe tibial nerve•(hook-like foot)(hook-like foot)

•The common peronealThe common peroneal

nervenerve(talipes equinovarus)(talipes equinovarus)

The superficial peronealThe superficial peroneal

nervenerve

The deep peroneal nerveThe deep peroneal nerve