The Petula Clark Postulate

The Petula Clark Postulate: Exploring CCRC’s as Revitalization Solutions for Failing Downtowns

Presented by Dodd Kattman and Zachary Benedictat the National Conference of the Environments for Aging

Tuesday, March 23, 2010, 8:15-9:15 am, San Diego, CA

Copyright ©2010 by Morrison Kattman Menze, Inc.

A Special Thanks to…

Bruce Blalock, CEO, Lutheran Life Villages

Mayor W. Suzanne Handshoe, City of Kendallville

Anita Shepherd, Executive Director, Kendallville Area Chamber of Commerce

Tim Stair, Mennonite Health Services

Tom Leedy, Dekko Foundation

Jim Leich, Executive Director, Indiana Association of Homes and Services for the Aging

Rick Sherck, Executive Director, Noble County Economic Development Corporation

Philip Stafford, Director, Center on Aging and Community, Indiana University

Jessica Wolfe, Bluepond, LLC

The lights are much brighter there.

You can forget all your troubles, forget all your cares.

So go downtown, things'll be great when you're…

Downtown - no finer place, for sure.

Downtown - everything's waiting for you.

Petula Clark (1964)

“

”

THE PETULA CLARK POSTULATE Environments for Aging 2010 | March 23, 2010

2©2010 Morrison Kattman Menze, Inc.

0102

DEVIANT MODEL: Discuss how development patterns have

transformed (Midwestern) communities and left them ill-prepared for the

shifting marketplace.

TOPICS



010203

QUALITY OF PLACE: Illustrate how evolving priorities will

present a renewed sense of place and begin to level the playing field

for smaller (Midwestern) cities and towns.

SOCIAL CATALYST: Propose how a rapidly aging demographic

can be utilized as a vital resource and incentive for the revitalization

of failing downtowns (throughout the Midwest).

Our enormous and rapidly growing older population is

a vast, untapped resource. If we can engage these

individuals in ways that fill urgent gaps in our society,

the result will be a windfall for American civic life in the

twenty-first century.



twenty-first century.

Marc FreedmanPrime Time: How Baby Boomers Will Revolutionize

Retirement and Transform America (1999)

PART ONEDEVIANT MODEL

criminals

sick

old

rich



normal

poor

educated

loud

creatives

IMPLICATIONS



80+ million

IMPLICATIONS



Suburban living in this country is becoming seen

more of an epidemic than a development

methodology when you consider that in 2000

“80 million Americans were either too

young, too old, or too poor to drive.”

Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and

Jeff Speck, Suburban Nation: the Rise of

Sprawl and the Decline of the American

Dream (2000), pg 115

DISCONNECTED

65+ Demographic Projections

Mil

lio

ns

of

Am

eri

can

s 6

5+

50

75

100

IMPLICATIONS



Mil

lio

ns

of

Am

eri

can

s 6

5+

2010 2020 2030

0

2000

25

50

71

.5 M

ILLI

ON

*Projections as of July 2004 per U. S. Census Bureau

DEVIANT MODEL

DIAGRAM

IMPLICATIONSG

RO

WT

H

CURRENT

TREND

EMERGING

TREND

“Incrementalism is the death of

Innovation” -Tom Peters

The Circle of Innovation



TIME

GR

OW

TH TREND

CREATIVE DESTRUCTIONCREATIVE DESTRUCTIONCREATIVE DESTRUCTIONCREATIVE DESTRUCTION

Average Lifetimes for Energy-Related Capital Stock

IMPLICATIONS



*IEA (2000), World Energy Outlook 2000, p. 43

IMPLICATIONS



“Only by understanding the rise of

this [creative] class and its values

can we begin to understand the

sweeping and seemingly disjointed

changes in our society and begin to

shape our future more intelligently.”

Richard Florida

The Rise of the Creative Class, p. xxvii

BRAIN DRAIN



© 2008 Richard Florida

BRAIN DRAIN“Maybe it’s the Indiana attitude. I’ve never

been anywhere that is so risk-adverse. A lot

of parents just don’t value education, and

they’ve passed that on to their kids. There's

a lack of leadership. Indiana people seem to

be content to be mediocre people living in

mediocre cities.” -Richard Longworth

Caught in the Middle, p48



$6,700 $7,200$8,490

$12,700

$15,000

$17,470

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

Indiana US Average Average of Top 10 States

Additional Earnings w/Associates Additional Earnings w/Bachelors

Economic Incentives for Education in Indiana

Difference in Median Annual Earning Between College Graduates and High School

Graduates in Indiana vs. the U.S. and the Top 10 States (18-64 Year Olds) for 2000.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census 5% Public Use Microdata Samples.

Indiana Population Growth from 2005 to 2040:

AGING MARKET

15%



for 65+ POPULATION

90%

SENIORS YP’s FAMILIES LOW INCOME

AGING MARKET



When I retire I want to drink beer and work on my car all day long. I know I won’t be able to

drive the damn thing, but that’s not the point. I have worked hard, and when I retire that’s what

I want to do. So give me a garage, a fridge full of beer, and leave me alone. Sure…

come in to change my diaper, make sure I have a pulse – but then let me get back to changing

my carburetor…

…and if you won’t do it, I will pay for someone else to; and if I cant find anyone I will find

friends of mine and we will just build our own damn garage and hire 30 full time nurses.

“

”Dr. Lowell CatlettKeynote Address AIA-IN+KY Convention

Columbus, Indiana 2007

UNDERSTANDING “HOME”

Disagree5%

Agree*94%

Very

Not VeryConfident**

39%

Neither/

PERCENTAGE OF INDIANA RESIDENCES AGE 60+ WHO WANT TO STAY AT “HOME”



94%Very

Confident61%

Neither/DK/RF

1%

We asked respondents whether they agree or disagree

with the following statement: “What I’d really like to do is

stay in my current residence for as long as possible.”

For people who answered “agree” we calculated the percentage of

adults age 60+ who were very confident/not very confident that

they will be able to afford to live in their current residence for as

long as they would like.

*Agree includes those who said Strongly agree or Somewhat agree.**Not Very Confident includes those who said Somewhat confident, Not too confident, Not confident at all, Don’t know, or Refused.

Note: Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding and/or missing information.

§ Excludes Area 2 (Elkhart, Kosciusko, LaPorte, Marshall & St. Joseph Counties) which was surveyed in 2006.

Source: AdvantAge Initiative Community Survey in Indiana 2008

UNDERSTANDING “HOME”



UP, Pixar Films (2009)

UNDERSTANDING “HOME”“Home is not where you live, but

where they understand you.”

- Christian Morganstern

“I long, as does every human

being, to be home wherever I

find myself.” - Maya Angelou

Home is not merely about control, but about human

agency, a sense that what you are doing in the world

makes a difference that nobody else could make. “

”



“Home is a place where you grow up wanting

to leave, and grow old wanting to get back to.”

- John Ed Pearce

makes a difference that nobody else could make.

- Philip Stafford

“”

“The home is the center and

circumference, the start and the

finish, of most of our lives.” - Charlotte Perkins Gilman

“My home is not a place, it is people.”

- Lois McMaster Bujold “There is a magic in that little world, home; it is a

mystic circle that surrounds comforts and virtues

never known beyond its hallowed limits.”

- Robert Southey

A NORC (Naturally Occurring

Retirement Community) is the

opposite of a planned retirement

community. A NORC could be a

community, neighborhood,

building or whatever real estate

subset you choose, that evolves,

well, naturally.

For example, say you live in a

condominium building on the North

Side of Chicago. It just happens that

most of the residents are older

“SOCIAL NETWORK



most of the residents are older

people. In most cases, the

residents didn't move there

old, they just got older

along with the building.

That's a NORC.

David Gest, 'Naturally Occurring Retirement

Communities' In First Suburbs,” (2006)

Charles Street, Beacon Hill, Boston, MA

Photo by MKM, 2009.

”

SOCIAL NETWORK

84.0%

95.4%

participate in more

activities then they

used to



SOCIAL INTERACTION

Surveys show that more than 88%

of NORC residents talk with more

people than they used to.

95.4%

70.5%

know more about their

community’s services

than they used to

feel healthier and more

active than they used to

16

18 65 75

70 720

0

BIRTH OCCUPATIONAL DURATION DEATH

AGRARIAN

INDUSTRIAL

WORK/RETIRE

RATIO

27:1

5:1

AGING MARKET



RETIREMENT

21

25

62 82

55 85

0

0

INFORMATION

FUTURE

2:1

1:1

50%+ WORKING

PART TWOQUALITY OF PLACE

WHAT’S GOING ON??? WHAT’S THERE???

1



MODERN

METRIC

WHAT’S GOING ON???The vibrancy of street life, café culture,

arts, music and people engaging in

outdoor activities – altogether a lot of

active, exciting, creative endeavors.

WHAT’S THERE???The combination of the built

environment and the natural

environment; a proper setting for

pursuit of creative lives.

23WHO’S THERE???The diverse kinds of people,

interacting and providing cues

that anyone can plug into and

make a like in a community.

RENEWAL

1. VITALITY: How “healthy” is your city and the overall health of your

residents?

2. EARNING: How is your city’s future job growth, the percentage of

jobs in the knowledge-based sector, household incomes, etc.?

3. LEARNING: How committed is your city to high quality education

for all of its citizens?



“Attracting and Retaining Talent to Greater Akron:

Research, Report, and Recommended Actions,” by

Next Generation Consulting, August 2005.

for all of its citizens?

4. SOCIAL CAPITAL: How open, safe, and accessible is your city to all

people?

5. COST OF LIFESTYLE: How competitive is your cost of living?

6. AFTER HOURS: How are the places to go and things to do after

work and on weekends?

7. AROUND TOWN: How easy is it to get to where you want to go in

your city (e.g. walkability, airport activity, commute times, mass

transit opportunities, etc.)?

DOWNTOWN RENEWAL

Creative people seek places that are

themselves a challenge and where

they can help craft the future.

They want a place that’s not done.

Richard Florida, The Rise of

The Creative Class, p232.

“”

31 TARGET CITIESP

OP

ULA

TIO

N=

10

-25

,00

0 P

EO

PLE



PO

PU

LAT

ION

= 1

0

100%

89%

99%

79%

124%

75%

85%

68%

112%

67%

81%

93%

DOWNTOWN RENEWALHOW MIDWESTERN SMALL TOWNS COMPARE TO NATIONAL AVERAGE



68%67%

% With Age 65+ Mean Commute Time Median Household Income Single-Family Median

Home Value

U.S. Average Indiana Average Target City Average Kendallville

Source: 2007 U. S. Census Data

WALKABILITYTHE VALUE OF WALKABILITY



= $$

•Grocery Stores

•Restaurants

•Coffee shops

•Bars

•Movie Theaters

•Schools

•Parks

•Libraries

•Bookstores

•Fitness

•Drug Stores

•Hardware Stores

•Clothing Stores

•Music Stores

TARGET CITIES

70+ =

WWW.WALKSCORE.COMThe Walk Score algorithm looks at destinations in 13

categories and awards points for each destination that

is between one-quarter mile and one mile of the

subject residential property:

76.3

42.7

33.6

78.7

49.3

29.4

72.0

18.0

54.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

Downtown WalkScore CCRC WalkScore Average Yield

Indiana Average Target City Average Kendallville Average

WALKABILITY



70+ = SCORECARD:

90–100 = Walkers' Paradise: Most errands can be accomplished on foot

and many people get by without owning a car.

70–89 = Very Walkable: It's possible to get by without owning a car.

50–69 = Somewhat Walkable: Some stores and amenities are within

walking distance, but many everyday trips still require a bike,

public transportation, or car.

25–49 = Car-Dependent: Only a few destinations are within easy walking

range. For most errands, driving or public transportation is a

must.

0–24 = Car-Dependent (Driving Only): Virtually no neighborhood

destinations within walking range. You can walk from your

house to your car!

3

21

4

9

12NETWORK MAPPING

1 MILE RADIUS

½ MILE RADIUS

5

10

11



7

6

1. State Highway

2. Golf Course

3. Public Lake

4. Walkable Downtown

5. Middle School

6. YMCA

7. High School

8. Sports Field(s)

9. City Park + Beach

10.Library

11.County Fairgrounds

12.Industrial Park

8

9

3

Kendallville, Indiana

NETWORK SCALE



People are being drawn to the convenience

and culture of walkable urban neighborhoods

across the country – even when those

neighborhoods are small.

DEMAND“

”Christopher LeinbergerThe Option of Urbanism (2007)



WALKABLITY A 2008 AARP poll found that almost 1/3

of Americans age 50+ wanted to walk

more to services and entertainment.30%

MARKET CATCHMENTOf the 60% planning to relocate for

retirement, 36% will move more than

three hours away.36%

“URBAN” RETIREMENT Studies have demonstrated that 28% of

baby boomers plan to or are intrigued

by retiring in an urban, walkable

environment.

28%RELOCATIONStudies have found 60% of baby boomers

expect/plan to move and make a lifestyle

adjustment in their 60’s.60%

44.7% 43.5%

59.6%

66.7%

91.4%

65.2%

89.1%

93.6%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

TOP FIVE TRENDS IN CCRC PROGRAMS: PROJECTED GROWTH FROM 2008-2013CCRC TRENDING



21.4%23.9%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

Web-Based

Education for

Residents

Wellness Programs

for Residents

Lifelong Learning

Programs

Wellness Programs

for Staff

Computer Training

for Residents

% <300 Units Currently Offering % <300 Units Offering by 2013

Source: Susan Brecht, Sandra Fein, and Linda Hollinger-Smith, “Preparing for the Future: Trends in Continuing Care Retirement Communities.” Seniors Housing & Care Journal, 2009, Vol. 17, No. 1, p75-90

PART THREEPercentage of People Age 65+

Reporting Good-Excellent Health

volunteerism transit

education

arts

SOCIAL CATALYST



Source: "Older Americans 2008 Key Indicators of Well-Being", Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Related Statics

small

business

retail

healthcare

aging

76%80%

74%67%

60% 63%57% 54%

63%68%

57%

47%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

65+ 65-74 75-84 85+

White Black Hispanic

MENU

SMART GROWTH

Age Qualified Neighborhood Amenities…



In-Home Services: Members will have access to various care

services ranging in a levels of need. Available services include

assistance with activities of daily living (ADL’s), personal care,

licensed home health, cooking, cleaning, light housekeeping

and select errands.

Care Coordination: Members will be assigned a Personal Care

Coordinator for their respective services and needs and be

available to you and your family 24/7.

Adult Day Care: Members will be offered services provided in a

congregate setting for a scheduled number of hours per week,

including transportation, meals and activities.

Meals: Members will have access to delivery services and/or

voucher-meals from local qualifying restaurants.

Home Inspection and/or Repairs: Members will have access to

accessing home repair services and annual “safety inspections”

for their homes to ensure quality living arrangements.

Transportation: Members will have access to limited public

transportation as well as ability to reserve and utilize a

member-only rental car service.

Social and Wellness Programs: Members will have access to

exercise classes, arts and crafts classes, wellness seminars,

speakers, day excursions and discounted use of local YMCA.

Work/Live: Members will have access to available office space and

consultation services in a work-sharing environment with a local

incubator.

MENU

CAFÉ-CENTRICRETAIL AS SOCIAL HUB FOR LOCAL SENIORS



RETAIL SERVICES

+

SENIORS AS CRITICAL MASS FOR LOCAL BUSINESSES

=THE PETULA CLARK POSTULATE Environments for Aging 2010 | March 23, 2010


+ =

RETAIL SERVICESSENIORS AS CRITICAL MASS FOR LOCAL BUSINESSES



Percentage of Indiana Residents Age 60+ Who

Attended movies, sports events, or group

events in the Last Week…

67%Source: AdvantAge Initiative Community Survey in Indiana 2008

RETAIL SERVICESSENIORS AS CRITICAL MASS FOR LOCAL FESTIVALS

Percentage of Indiana Residents

Age 60+ Who Engaged in at Least

one Social, Religious or Cultural

Activity in the Last Week…



Downtown Kendallville Apple Festival 2009

88%Source: AdvantAge Initiative Community Survey in Indiana 2008

SMALL BUSINESS SENIORS AS KNOWLEDGE RESOURCE FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS

+ =THE PETULA CLARK POSTULATE Environments for Aging 2010 | March 23, 2010


+ =

SMALL BUSINESSCOWORKING

Working Full Time

Percentage of Indiana Residents Age 60+ Who Would

Like to Work for Pay



Working Part Time

Would Like to Work for

Pay (but currently are not)

Would Not Like to Work

for Pay45%

EDUCATIONSENIORS AS EDUCATORS FOR LOCAL YOUTH



+ =

TRANSPORTATION SENIORS AS MOTIVATION FOR TRANSIT



+ =

TRANSPORTATIONSENIORS AS MOTIVATION FOR TRANSIT

TRANSIT

PASSENGER RAIL



TRANSITDIAMOND STREET

EAST LISLE STREET

TRANSPORTATIONSENIORS AS MOTIVATION FOR TRANSIT



Source: WOW! User Data, Provided by

Wells Council on Aging, March 2009.

Annual Total Riders Per Age Group Annual Total Trips Per Age Group

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Senior (60+) Adult (18-59) Student (K-12) Infant (0-5)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Senior (60+) Adult (18-59) Student (K-12) Infant (0-5)

EXISTING DOWNTOWN

3

2

5

1

4



6

5

1. Empty Storefronts: Failing downtowns commonly have a series

of empty but architecturally interesting storefronts.

2. Underutilized Parking: In effort to compete with suburban

retail, many downtowns made an effort to increase the

availability of closely adjacent parking much of which sits empty.

3. Excessively Wide Streets: Widened streets present wonderful

opportunities to recreate existing streetscapes.

4. Local Icons: Even in failing downtowns, many smaller

communities still have local icons within their urban fabric.

These landmarks must be revitalized whenever possible.

5. Suburban Development: Urban villages are defined by

building’s proximity to the sidewalk. Suburban development can

counteract this experience with large setbacks.

6. Abandoned Structures: Abandoned structures can be

repurposed to create interesting, innovative “brand” for the local

community.

Typical Problems with Failing Downtowns…

1

IMPLEMENTATION Cafe. + Community Center

Senior Housing



1. Café + Community Center: Utilize an empty building to

house a Mather’s Café-inspired community center to

serve as a base for the proposed menu of services.

Additionally, empty apartments above can be used for

mixed-use independent living located directly on Main

Street and existing homes within the service boundary

could be marketed for In-Home Services.

1

IMPLEMENTATION Cafe. + Community

Senior HousingIMPLEMENTATION



1. Café + Community Center: Utilize an empty building to

house a Mather’s Café-inspired community center to

serve as a base for the proposed menu of services.

Additionally, empty apartments above can be used for

mixed-use independent living located directly on Main

Street and existing homes within the service boundary

could be marketed for In-Home Services.

2

IMPLEMENTATION



2. Independent Living Units: New Independent Living row

houses would be constructed directly behind Main

Street as a urban transition between Main Street and

the adjacent detached housing.

2

IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION



2. Independent Living Units: New Independent Living row

houses would be constructed directly behind Main

Street as a urban transition between Main Street and

the adjacent detached housing.

3

IMPLEMENTATION



3. Revitalized Main Street: A boulevard would be

introduced to Main Street to accommodate trolley cars

and a more human scale. Bike lanes, off-street parking,

and outdoor dining would begin to create a more

vibrant and interactive streetscape.

3




3. Revitalized Main Street: A boulevard would be

introduced to Main Street to accommodate trolley cars

and a more human scale. Bike lanes, off-street parking,

and outdoor dining would begin to create a more

vibrant and interactive streetscape.

4

IMPLEMENTATION



4

4

4. Abandoned + Repurposed Structures : Utilize abandoned

structures to begin to house marketable community

amenities. Here a failing car dealership will be

repurposed for a Zip Car lot and an abandoned gas

station will be used to house a farmer’s market.

4




4

4

4. Abandoned + Repurposed Structures : Utilize abandoned

structures to begin to house marketable community

amenities. Here a failing car dealership will be

repurposed for a Zip Car lot and an abandoned gas

station will be used to house a farmer’s market.

Apartments 32total units 24,700sf

One-bedroom 12@ 650 sf = 7,800 sf

One-bedroom deluxe 12@ 775 sf = 9,300 sf

Two-bedroom 6@ 900 sf = 5,400 sf

Two-bedroom deluxe 2@ 1100 sf = 2,200 sf

Commons Space 5,220sf

Lobby and lounge 1@ 500 sf = 500 sf

Dining (per seat) 48@ 40 sf = 1,920 sf

Conference/private dining 1@ 250 sf = 250 sf

Activity room 1@ 1000 sf = 1,000 sf

Parlor/library/technology room 2@ 400 sf = 800 sf

Hair salon 1@ 200 sf = 200 sf

Spa/tub room 1@ 250 sf = 250 sf

Resident laundry room 2@ 150 sf = 300 sf

Support Spaces 4,415sf

Staff office 2@ 150 sf = 300 sf

Kitchen 1@ 1800 sf = 1,800 sf

Dietary receiving, support 1@ 250 sf = 250 sf

Clean supply 2@ 120 sf = 240 sf

Soiled holding and trash 2@ 120 sf = 240 sf

Housekeeping closet 1@ 40 sf = 40 sf

Storage 2@ 200 sf = 400 sf

Common toilet 2@ 220 sf = 440 sf

Private toilets 3@ 45 sf = 135 sf

Mechanical 3@ 150 sf = 450 sf

PROGRAM



Mechanical 3@ 150 sf = 450 sf

Electrical and systems 1@ 120 sf = 120 sf

Net-to-gross (per floor) 25%@ 34,335 sf = 8,584sf

Total independent living apartment building 42,919 sf

Site development

General earthwork 1 ls @ $ 100,000 = $ 100,000

Storm-water detention, underground piping, etc. 1 ls @ $ 75,000 = $ 75,000

Parking, roads and walkways 1 ls @ $ 150,000 = $ 150,000

Lawns, landscape, softscape, hardscape 1 ls @ $ 75,000 = $ 75,000

Site lighting, etc. 1 ls @ $ 50,000 = $ 50,000

Cost projection

Building 42,919 sf @ $ 120 / sf = $ 5,150,250

Site development 1 ls @ $ 450,000 = $ 450,000

Food service equipment 1 ls @ $ 160,000 = $ 160,000

Dining furniture 48@ $ 250 = $ 12,000

Misc. furniture and equipment 1@ $ 40,000 = $ 40,000

Low voltage systems and equipment 1@ $ 25,000 = $ 25,000

Cost of financing, debt service, interest, insurance (not included)

Soft costs 10%@ $5,812,250 = $ 581,225

Total construction budget (no contingency) $ 6,418,475

PROGRAM PROGRAM COMPARISON

COST COMPARISON

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

Apartments (32 units)

Cottages (12 Units)

Common Space

Support Spaces

Urban Suburban



SAVINGS = $3.75 million40+% REDUCTION IN COST

$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6

Apartments (32 units)

Cottages (12 units)

Site Devleopment

FFE

Soft Costs

Urban Suburban

PROGRAM THIRD-PARTY RESPONSIBILITIES

Community Center and Café*Partnering with local café owner, the Kendallville Area Chamber

of Commerce, and the Noble County Council on Aging to create

a community center for menu of services and activities.

Food Services and Dining Partnering with local restaurant owners, the Kendallville Area

Chamber of Commerce, and the Kendallville Main Street

Association to setup of a voucher program for local members.

Common SpacePartnering with local cultural amenities such as the adjacent

stores, library, VFW, and YMCA.

Activity SpacePartnering with local Economic Development Corporation and



*The installation of the Café is currently estimated to include 5,700+/- sq. ft. of renovated

space within an existing building downtown with a preliminary budget of $580,000.

Partnering with local Economic Development Corporation and

Vocational Programs to create opportunities for education,

skilled labor instruction, consultation, and co-working.

Public TransitPartnering with the City of Kendallville and the Noble County

Council on Aging to provide various options for transportation

(e.g. Zip Car, public Trolley, etc.).

Home Maintenance Partnering with NeighborLink to encourage local youth and

community organizations to assist seniors in the errands as well

as the maintenance and care for their homes.

AUDIENCE



RESOURCESBachelard, Gaston, The Poetics of Space: The Classic Look at How We Experience Intimate Places. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.

Calthorpe, Peter, The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton

Architectural Press, 1993.

Duany, Andres; Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck, Suburban Nation: the Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American

Dream. New York: North Point Press, 2000.

Foucault, Michel, Of Other Spaces, 1967.

Florida, Richard, The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

Gladwell, Malcolm, Outliers: The Story of Success. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2008.

Jacobs, Jane, The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Modern Library, 1993.

Kretzmann, John P. and John L. McKnight, Building Communities From the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a

Community's Assets. Chicago: ACTA Publication, 1993.

Kunstler, James Howard, Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America’s Man-Made Landscape. New York: Simon &

Schuster, 1993.

Longworth, Richard C., Caught in the Middle: America’s Heartland in the Age of Globalism. New York: Bloomsbury, 2008



Longworth, Richard C., Caught in the Middle: America’s Heartland in the Age of Globalism. New York: Bloomsbury, 2008

Putman, Robert, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Rowe, John W. and Robert L. Kahn, Successful Aging. New York: Random House, 1999.

Stafford, Phillip, Elderburbia: Aging with a Sense of Place in America. Santa Barbra: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009

Sucher, David, City Comforts: How to Build an Urban Village. Seattle: City Comforts Inc., 2003.

Whyte, William, Social Life in Small Urban Spaces. [video] New York, NY: Municipal Art Society of New York, 1979.

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The Petula Clark Postulate

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