The Present Perfect Tense

And Using Past

Participles

Reviewing Compound Tenses

• You should remember the “present progressive” compound tense used to express actions in progress.ex: Miguel está comprando un anillo para su novia.

• It is called a compound tense because it has two parts.

1: Estar +2: Present Participle

(Which is the verb stem plus :

Ar verbs - andoEr/Ir verbs – iendo)

Importants Points

• Remember that with pronouns (reflexive, indirect object, direct object, etc.) there are two rules:

– It should be placed before the conjugated verb • Ex: Me estoy cuidando.

– Or placed attatched to the infinitive• Ex: Estoy cuidándome.

Práctica

• We are talking• I’m tanning

• They are writing• You are dying• I’m relaxing

• Estamos hablando• Me estoy

bronceando/ Estoy bronceándome

• Están escribiendo• Estás moriendo• Me estoy relajando/

Estoy relajándome

The Present Perfect

• To say that someone has or has not done something we use the present perfect. In English it looks something like this:

I have finished.

• Note that there are two parts to its formation which makes it a compound tense.

Forming the Present Perfect

• In Spanish the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle.

– Ex: (Yo) he terminado.HABER+ past participle

• Haber is conjugated as follows:he hemoshas habéisha han

Forming the Past Participle

• The past participle is formed by adding –ado to the stem of –ar verbs and –ido to the stem of –er and –ir verbs.

• Verb Participle Meaningex: tomar tomado taken

comer comido eaten vivir vivido lived

PrácticaTry these phrases on your own:• She has met your sister.

Ella ha conocido a tu hermana.• We’ve talked in class.

Hemos hablado en clase.• I have eaten today.

Yo he comido hoy.• Have you walked the dog?

¿Has caminado con el perro?• They have read many books.

Ellos han leído muchos libros.

Participles with Special Spellings

• Verb Participle Meaningcaer caído fallencreer creído believedleer leído readoír oído heardreír reído laughedtraer traído brought

Irregular Past Participles

• Verb Participle MeaningAbrir abierto openedCubrir cubierto coveredDecir dicho saidDescubrir descubierto discoveredEscribir escrito writtenHacer hecho done, madeImprimir impreso printedIr ido gone

Irregular Past Participles Continued

• Verb Participle MeaningMorir muerto dead

Poner puesto put, placedResolver resuelto resolvedRomper roto brokenVer visto seenVolver vueltoreturned

Práctica

• I have written.• We’ve heard.• She has put it on

the desk.• They saw.• I have broken it.• He has kissed her.

• He escrito.• Hemos oído.• Ella lo ha puesto en

el escritorio.• Ellos han visto.• Lo he roto.• (La) ha besado a

ella.beso

Uses of Participles

• In both English and Spanish, past participles may be used as adjectives to modify a noun. In Spanish, when the past participle is used as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

• Ex:– Esa pintura fue hecha en Perú.

That painting was done in Peru.– La catedral fue construida en 1560.

The cathedral was built in 1560.

Uses of the Present Perfect• In general, the present perfect is used to

refer to a past action or event that is perceived as having some bearing on the present.– Mis padres han experimentado muchas

dificultades. My parents have experienced many difficulties.

• The verb haber agrees with the subject of the sentence. The past participle, however, does not change according to the subject when it forms part of the perfect tense because it is not a adjective.

Rules with the Present Perfect

• The verb haber is not interchangable with tener. Haber means to have only when used as an auxilary verb with the past participle. Tener means to have or to own in the sense of possesion.

More Rules with the Present Perfect

• The verb haber and the past participle annot be separated by another word. Object pronouns and negative words are always placed before haber.– ex:¿Has conocido al señor malhumorado?

Have you met the bad- tempered man?No lo he conocido todavía.No, I haven’t met him yet.

Más Practica

• A que nunca has… Háganse preguntas sobre experiencias que hayan tenido. Pueden usar las frases de la lista u otras que se les ocurran.MODELO: E1: ¿Te has estresado alguna

vez en esta clase?E2: No, no me he

estresado en ésta clase.

– Ver una disputa entre amigos– Obsesionarse por una persona– Acostumbrarse a una situación difícil– Conocer a una persona famosa– Comer una comida rara