Date post: | 15-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
The Problem of Equity: Culture, Class, and School
Essential Question: What is the Role of School in Society?
Jonathan Kozol: Savage Inequalities and other titles.
Disparity in American Schools
Good Schools
Motivated students
Bad Schools
Disinterested students
Parent Involvement
Interesting learning
Parent Absenteeism
Rote learning
Highly Qualified Teachers
Less qualified teachers
State of Art Facilities Dilapidated Facilities
Race and Racism
Biology – difference is normal for human species.
Race and Racism are largely socially constructed phenomena.
United Nations definition in text: “Any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or
preference based on race…which has the effect of nullifying or impairing…human rights and fundamental freedoms….” (Breitborde & Swiniarski, p. 323).
Achievement Gap
Quote from the New York Times for consideration.
Study of Literacy and its relationship to SES – Socioeconomic status.
Disparate Performance
Biological ExplanationsCultural ExpectationsVoluntary and Involuntary ImmigrantsPolitical ExplanationsUnequal School ResourcesTeacher Expectations EffectsAbility Grouping / Tracking
The Boarding School
Native Americans & American Education
Genocide Cultural Eradication Forced Schooling BIA Pratt and Boarding Schools Forced Assimilation
Judicial Precedent
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896).Supreme CourtSeparate but EqualLegally SanctionedDe jure segregationDe facto segregation
Brown vs. Board of Education
Topeka, KS 1954 “Separate educational facilities are inherently
unequal” “with all deliberate speed…”
10 years after Brown, 91% of African American children in South still attended all-black schools.
Civil Rights Movement
1964 Civil Rights ActTitle IV – desegregationTitle VI – funds linked to anti-
discriminatory policiesBusing remediesDetroit busing crisis (film “School”)
The Problematic Melting Pot Metaphor
The Tremendous Diversity of Experiences
Hispanic Americans Mexican Americans Puerto Ricans Cuban Americans Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Asian Americans Japanese Americans Southeast Asian Americans Arab Americans
Relevant Terms
Model MinoritiesAffirmative ActionQuotasReverse-DiscriminationMulticulturalismDiversity
Gender
Role of Women in K-12 SchoolsSchools for girlsAttitudes toward female studentsTitle IX 1972Sex-role stereotypingGender and Culture have profound
interactions within American schools
Culture and Language
Cultural Discourses influence language Family discourses influence language SES discourses influence language “Multiple literacies”___________________________ Immigrants, English Language Learners (ELL)
and policy. Many variations, but import is clear: Educators need to understand how language is learned, and the impact of culture and class on language use and acquisition.
Teaching Practices -- Classroom
Addresses achievement gaps Displays multicultural curriculum in non-token ways Respects cultures / community Discourages Segregation Teaches skills for full participation in society High academic expectations Teachers move to students critical pedagogy Cooperative Education: students and community Displays are culturally relevant, responsive (See Breitborde and Swiniarski, pp. 361-363).
The Social Role of the Schools
Teachers and schools are agents of social messages, for good or ill.
Critical Pedagogy is a philosophy of reflection and practice. What can educators do to promote the best society that is possible?
American Schools
How big are our problems?Global contexts?Egalitarian Principles?Policy Directions?Funding Issues?Demographic realties?