The process of joining together monomers is known as POLYMERIZATION

Primary Protein Structure

The primary structure is the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein

Amino Acid

Protein Structures

Hydrogen bond

Pleated sheet

Amino acid

(a) Primary structure

Hydrogen bond

Alpha helix

(b) Secondary structure

Polypeptide(single subunit)

(c) Tertiary structure

(d) Quaternary structure

Polysaccharides

•Complex carbohydrates

Composed of many sugar monomers linked togetherPolymers of monosaccharide chains

Examples of Polysaccharides

Starch

Glycogen

Cellulose

Glucose Monomer

QUIZ

D.

B.

A.

C.

1. Which of the following depicts a PROTEIN?

2. Which row in the chart below contains correct information concerning synthesis?

ROW MONOMER – BUILDING BLOCK

SUBSTANCE MADE USING BUILDING BLOCKS

1 AMINO ACIDS PROTEIN

2 SIMPLE SUGARS DNA

3 NUCLEOTIDES STARCH

4 GLUCOSE (MONOSACCHARAIDE)

LIPID

3. Bodybuilders require a lot of protein to strengthen their muscles. What would you suggest he/or she do?

A.Eat a lot of carbohydrates to grow large muscles.

B.Eat more eggs, fish, chicken, steakC.Sleep more so proteins can produce in

the stomach.D.Do 100 pushups nightly to increase the

production of white blood cells

4. A lab student is observing LIPIDS in the laboratory. How will the lab student know they they are looking at is a lipid?

A.It will look waxy and oilyB.It will sparkle in rainbow colored

hexagonsC.It will be appear white, solid, and

full of crystalsD.It will smell like fish, eggs, and

chicken

5. Which of the following biomolecules is the main source of energy for living things?

A. CarbohydateB. LipidC. Nucleic AcidD. Protein

6. Proteins fold into millions of different kinds of shapes. What determines the shape of the protein?

• A. The type of environment it is in• B. The mood of the protein• C. The types and order of amino

acids• D. The foods we eat

THE END

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• DNA & RNA • Made of nucleotides• Contain C, H, O, N & P• Contain genetic information• Control the activities of cells

HandOut

BOX ON FRONT TABLE

ENZYME

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that are used by the cell to speed up and regulate metabolic reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that remain unchanged by the reaction.

EnzymesThe substrate is temporarily bound to its enzyme at the active site. The enzyme may change shape slightly to accommodate the substrate.

ENZYMES ARE VERY PICKY.ENZYMES ARE VERY PICKY!!!!

IF TEMPERATUREIF IT GETS TOO HOT, TOO COLD –

THEY CHANGE SHAPE

pH IF IT BECOMES TOO ACIDIC –

THEY CHANGE SHAPE