The Progressive Era. Reform shifts from the farm to the city, Then climbs the ladder of government from local state national level. Progressive Movement. Social Darwinism and “Survival of the fittest” fall out of favor - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Do-Now: Thomas Jefferson wrote “Our citizens may be deceived for awhile, and have been deceived; but as long as the presses can be protected, we may trust them for light.” Write a 2-paragraph response: • What did Jefferson mean in this quotation? • Would Thomas Jefferson have approved of the muck- rakers? Agenda : Do now Tests go back Continued Intro to progressivism. Homework : Teddy Roosevelt WS October 1, 2008 Objectives: To become familiar with progressivism and the beginnings of the progressive era.
Transcript
Do-Now:Thomas Jefferson wrote“Our citizens may be deceived for awhile, and have been deceived; but as long as the presses can be protected, we may trust them for light.”
Write a 2-paragraph response:• What did Jefferson mean in this quotation? • Would Thomas Jefferson have approved of the muck-rakers?
Agenda:Do nowTests go back Continued Intro to progressivism.Homework:Teddy Roosevelt WS
October 1, 2008
Objectives:To become familiar with progressivism and the beginnings of the progressive era.
The Progressive The Progressive EraEra
Reform shifts from the farm to the city,
Then climbs the ladder of government from
localstatenational level
Progressive MovementProgressive MovementSocial Darwinism and “Survival of Social Darwinism and “Survival of
the fittest” fall out of favorthe fittest” fall out of favor
The Progressive Era from 1890 to 1913 was a time The Progressive Era from 1890 to 1913 was a time when large numbers of people were working to improve when large numbers of people were working to improve society. society.
Many turned away from the idea of “Many turned away from the idea of “Social Social Darwinism.Darwinism.” ”
Fine for animals in the wild but Fine for animals in the wild but American Government should American Government should work for all the citizens, not just work for all the citizens, not just the fittest ones.the fittest ones.
Muckraker:A group of writers & journalists (middle class) who contributed to Progressivism; exposed political & social evils; inspired Americans to take action & join reform groups.
Key Writers or Key Writers or “Muckrakers”“Muckrakers”
Henry GeorgeHenry George – – Progress and PovertyProgress and Poverty– Described an unjust real-estate system, proposed land Described an unjust real-estate system, proposed land
owner owner tax, rather than land tax, rather than land use use taxtax Uptown SinclairUptown Sinclair – – The JungleThe Jungle
– Exposed the meat packing industry, inspired Pure Food Exposed the meat packing industry, inspired Pure Food and Drug Actand Drug Act
Ida TarbellIda Tarbell – – The History of the Standard Oil Co.The History of the Standard Oil Co.– Revealed the abuses committed by the Standard Oil Revealed the abuses committed by the Standard Oil
TrustTrust Lincoln SteffensLincoln Steffens – – The Shame of the CitiesThe Shame of the Cities
– Uncovered gross political corruption in St. Louis and Uncovered gross political corruption in St. Louis and other citiesother cities
THINK & DISCUSS:THINK & DISCUSS:
How did the muckrakers pave the way How did the muckrakers pave the way for progressive reform?for progressive reform?
Some Key Leaders & Some Key Leaders & GroupsGroups
The Labor UnionsThe Labor Unions– Organization of workers formed to protect the interest of Organization of workers formed to protect the interest of
its membersits members The SocialistsThe Socialists
– Believed in public, or social control of property and Believed in public, or social control of property and income over private controlincome over private control
The National Consumer’s LeagueThe National Consumer’s League– Women’s group, united local consumers’ leagues, Women’s group, united local consumers’ leagues,
investigated and enforcedinvestigated and enforced Florence KelleyFlorence Kelley
– Worked for labor reformWorked for labor reform Mary Harris JonesMary Harris Jones
– Organized unions around the country to improve Organized unions around the country to improve working conditionsworking conditions
One Example of the One Example of the Work of ProgressivesWork of Progressives
ProblemProblem– In 1900, the average In 1900, the average
laborer worked 10 laborer worked 10 hours a day, 6 days a hours a day, 6 days a week for only $1.50 a week for only $1.50 a day.day. Women and children Women and children
organize National Child organize National Child Labor CommitteeLabor Committee
– NCLC helped 39 states NCLC helped 39 states pass child labor lawspass child labor laws
– Progressives lobbied for :Progressives lobbied for : Laws limiting hoursLaws limiting hours Higher wagesHigher wages Improvement in workplace Improvement in workplace
safetysafety
Create-a-ConversationCreate-a-Conversation
In pairs, meet and create a dialogueIn pairs, meet and create a dialogue In it you must discuss: In it you must discuss:
– A problem in societyA problem in society– why you are bothered by this problemwhy you are bothered by this problem– What you believe the government What you believe the government
should be doing about itshould be doing about it– How you intend to force progress, or How you intend to force progress, or
changechange Dialogues should be 10 lines or moreDialogues should be 10 lines or more
Problems of the 1890’sProblems of the 1890’s
Huge Gap between Huge Gap between rich and poorrich and poor
Tremendous Tremendous economic and economic and political power of political power of the richthe rich
Wealthy flaunted Wealthy flaunted their wealth before their wealth before a poorer publica poorer public
Problems of the 1890’sProblems of the 1890’s
Industrial workers :Industrial workers : living in inhumane filthliving in inhumane filth Hideously poorHideously poor dangerous work dangerous work
conditionsconditions Jacob Riis’ Jacob Riis’ How the How the
Other Half LivesOther Half Lives (1890) (1890) Little concern for Black Little concern for Black
AmericaAmerica
II. Progressive ReformersII. Progressive Reformers
A. Streams of ReformA. Streams of Reform The “Social Gospel” The “Social Gospel”
movementmovement
--Walter --Walter Rauschenbusch: Rauschenbusch: Christianity and the Christianity and the Social CrisisSocial Crisis (1907) (1907)
Settlement House Settlement House WorkersWorkers
--Jane Addams, Hull --Jane Addams, Hull House in Chicago (1889)House in Chicago (1889)
Americans of “Old Americans of “Old Wealth”Wealth”
A. Streams of Reform (cont.)A. Streams of Reform (cont.)
Investigative Investigative JournalistsJournalists-- “Muckrakers”-- “Muckrakers”-- Lincoln Steffens, -- Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, and Ida Tarbell, and Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair
Small businessmenSmall businessmen
B. Features of Progressive B. Features of Progressive ReformReform
Desire to remedy Desire to remedy problems through problems through government initiativegovernment initiative
Reliance on “experts”Reliance on “experts”-- Robert Lafollette’s -- Robert Lafollette’s “Wisconsin Idea”“Wisconsin Idea”
Wanted reform not Wanted reform not revolutionrevolution
Stressed the Stressed the importance of importance of efficiency in reformefficiency in reform--Frederick W. Taylor--Frederick W. Taylor
B. Features of Progressive B. Features of Progressive Reform (cont.)Reform (cont.)
Want to bring order out Want to bring order out of chaosof chaos
--Creation of NCAA in --Creation of NCAA in 19101910
--Federal Budget --Federal Budget (1921)(1921)
Desire to make politics Desire to make politics more democraticmore democratic
Desire to make Desire to make businessmen more businessmen more responsible for responsible for problemsproblems
B. Features of Progressive B. Features of Progressive Reform (cont.)Reform (cont.)
Desire to make society Desire to make society more moral and more more moral and more justjust
Desire to distribute Desire to distribute income more equitablyincome more equitably
Desire to broaden Desire to broaden opportunities for opportunities for individual individual advancementadvancement
Women were active in Women were active in progressivismprogressivism--Suffragettes like --Suffragettes like Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony
B. Features of Progressive B. Features of Progressive Reform (cont.)Reform (cont.)
Infiltrated both Infiltrated both political partiespolitical parties
Operated on all Operated on all three levels of three levels of governmentgovernment
III. Sample Progressive III. Sample Progressive ReformsReforms
A. Political ReformsA. Political Reforms
Tried to put more power into the hands of Tried to put more power into the hands of the peoplethe people
Innovative changes in city governmentInnovative changes in city government--city managers and commission model--city managers and commission model
The Direct PrimaryThe Direct Primary Initiative, Referendum and RecallInitiative, Referendum and Recall The Secret BallotThe Secret Ballot Direct Election of Senators and the Vote Direct Election of Senators and the Vote
for Womenfor Women
B. Social ReformsB. Social Reforms
Child labor lawsChild labor laws Ten-hour work daysTen-hour work days
--The “Brandeis brief”--The “Brandeis brief”
----Muller v. OregonMuller v. Oregon (1908)(1908)
----Bunting v. Oregon Bunting v. Oregon (1917)(1917)
Prohibition initiativesProhibition initiatives Moral Purity Moral Purity
campaignscampaigns
--Mann Act (1910)--Mann Act (1910)
B. Social Reforms (cont.)B. Social Reforms (cont.) Minimum safety Minimum safety
standards on the jobstandards on the job Minimum standards for Minimum standards for
housing codeshousing codes ““City Beautification” City Beautification”
--Preservation vs. --Preservation vs. ConservationConservation
VI. “A Tough Act to Follow”: VI. “A Tough Act to Follow”: The Presidency of William The Presidency of William Howard TaftHoward Taft (1909-1913) (1909-1913)
The Election of The Election of 19081908
Taft’s political Taft’s political experienceexperience
Taft’s weightTaft’s weight Not a dynamic Not a dynamic
politicianpolitician Never completely Never completely
comfortable as comfortable as PresidentPresident
VI. Presidency of Taft VI. Presidency of Taft (cont.)(cont.)
Controversy over Controversy over the Tariffthe Tariff
More conservative More conservative than TR, but also than TR, but also more trust suitsmore trust suits
The “Ballinger-The “Ballinger-Pinchot” AffairPinchot” Affair
Growing tension Growing tension with Teddy with Teddy RooseveltRoosevelt
VII. The Election of 1912VII. The Election of 1912
Growing split within Growing split within the Republican Partythe Republican Party
Creation of the “Bull Creation of the “Bull Moose” PartyMoose” Party
Progressive Party Progressive Party Platform: “New Platform: “New Nationalism”Nationalism”
Democrats drafted Democrats drafted Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Results of the ElectionResults of the Election
VIII. Democratic Progressivism: VIII. Democratic Progressivism: The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson
(1913-1921)(1913-1921) Wilson’s early life Wilson’s early life
and political careerand political career True progressive True progressive
and dynamic and dynamic speakerspeaker
Sympathetic to Sympathetic to small businessmensmall businessmen
Could be a Could be a stubborn, moral stubborn, moral crusader and crusader and ideologueideologue
A. “New Freedom”A. “New Freedom”
Wilson’s brand of Wilson’s brand of progressivismprogressivism
Wants to recreate the Wants to recreate the “golden age” of small “golden age” of small American businessesAmerican businesses
Wilson wants to open Wilson wants to open channels for free and channels for free and fair competitionfair competition
Historic Jeffersonian Historic Jeffersonian approach to federal approach to federal powerpower
B. Key Wilsonian LegislationB. Key Wilsonian Legislation
Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission (1914)Commission (1914)
C. Congressional C. Congressional Progressivism After 1914Progressivism After 1914
Wilson was not a strong Wilson was not a strong progressive when it progressive when it came to social reformcame to social reform
Congress takes over the Congress takes over the progressive agendaprogressive agenda
Appointment of Brandeis Appointment of Brandeis to Supreme Courtto Supreme Court
Examples of Examples of congressional congressional progressive legislation progressive legislation after 1914after 1914--Federal Highways Act --Federal Highways Act (1916)(1916)
IX. The Waning of the IX. The Waning of the Progressive Movement Progressive Movement
Progressive movement peaks by 1917Progressive movement peaks by 1917 Success of the movement led to its declineSuccess of the movement led to its decline Advent of World War I also hurt Advent of World War I also hurt
progressive activismprogressive activism Progressives themselves began to weary Progressives themselves began to weary
of their reform zeal—as did the nation as a of their reform zeal—as did the nation as a wholewhole
Ironically, voter participation has steadily Ironically, voter participation has steadily declined since the election of 1912declined since the election of 1912
