The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era

Chapter 9 Sections 1 , 2 & 3

Women’s Suffrage

Prohibition

Child Labor

Muc

krak

ers

YMCA

4 Goals of Progressivism4 Goals of Progressivism

• Definition- to return control of the government to the people , restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

• Goal #1- protect social welfare• Goal #2- promote moral improvement• Goal #3- create economic reform• Goal #4- fostering efficiency

Goal #1: Protect Social WelfareGoal #1: Protect Social Welfare• Reformers wanted to soften the conditions

created by industrialization• Movements from the late 1800’s (Social Gospel

& Settlement House) continued into the progressive era.

• YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) opened libraries, swimming pools, and sponsored classes.

• Salvation Army provided soup kitchens to the poor.

Goal #2: Promotion of Moral Goal #2: Promotion of Moral ImprovementImprovement

• Many believed that it was morality not the workplace that held the key to improving the lives of the poor

• Prohibition- banning of alcoholic beverages.• Woman’s Christian Temperance

Union spear headed the effort to stop selling alcohol.

Prohibition CartoonProhibition Cartoon

S.-O.-A.-P.-S.-

Goal #3: Create Economic ReformGoal #3: Create Economic Reform• Because of the Panic of 1893, many

Americans began to question the capitalist economic system.

• As a result, many will embrace socialism.• Eugene V. Debs helped organize the

American Socialist Party

• Muckrakers- journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life.

Goal #4: Fostering EfficiencyGoal #4: Fostering Efficiency

• Used scientific principles to make society and the workplace more efficient

• Introduction of the assembly line sped up the task at hand

• Reduction of time at work 8 to 5• Targets not only industry but government as

well.

Cleaning Up Local GovernmentCleaning Up Local Government• Passed progressive laws that helped regulate

RR’s, mines, mills and telephone companies.• Names to know– Robert La Follette: Gov. of Wisconsin wanted to

regulate big business (railroads)– James S. Hogg: Gov. of Texas

helped drive out illegal insurance companies while pushing for antitrust legislation.

Reforming ElectionsReforming Elections

• Initiative- a bill originated by the people not lawmakers.

• Referendum- a vote on the initiative• Recall- allowed voters to remove public

officials from elected positions

• 17th Amendment- Called for the direct elections of senators

Women’s Suffrage MovementWomen’s Suffrage Movement

• Susan B. Anthony- 1869 founded the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) Became upset when the 15th amendment passed & women were excluded.

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton- helped start the NWSA.

• 1848 Seneca Falls Convention- women meet to discuss the possibility of suffrage.

• 3 part strategy for suffrage 1.) tried to convince state legislatures. Successful in several western states/territories but failed elsewhere. 2.) women pursued court cases testing the 14th amendment arguing that women were citizens too. Supreme Court ruled that women were citizens but that did not automatically confer the right to vote. 3.) women pushed for a national constitutional amendment. They pushed for the next 41 years.

• Women’s reform efforts in other areas did pay off. (treatment of workers and safer food & drug products.

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealTeddy Roosevelt’s Square DealChapter 9 Section 3

Creating the Modern PresidencyCreating the Modern Presidency

• Roosevelt believed it was the federal government’s responsibility to take care of the nation.

• He created the “bully pulpit” as president so he could influence the media & shape legislation.

• Roosevelt liked to step in & help those that were being victimized. With Roosevelt, the common man would receive a Square Deal.

TrustbustingTrustbusting• Roosevelt believed that

some trusts were beneficial & not harmful.

• Those trusts that he deemed harmful to public interests, he attacked viciously to break them up

• Ex. Northern Securities Exchange- est. a monopoly of RR’s in the Northwest. He exposed them & in 1904, the Supreme Court dissolved the company.

Complete S.O.A.P.S. for the above cartoon.

HealthHealth• Meat Inspection Act (1906)-

After reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry. After the scathing report, the act was passed forcing strict cleanliness requirements & creating a federal meat inspection program.

• Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)- halted the sale of contaminated foods & medicines and called for a truth in labeling of all packages.

ConservationConservation• Prior to Roosevelt’s Presidency,

the U.S. ignored the fact that our natural resources were being gobbled up by private interests.

• Roosevelt condemned the view that the U.S.’s resources were endless.

• As a result, he began setting aside large chunks of land as National Parks and Reserves.

• His definition of conservation was to preserve most areas but develop those areas that could be used for the common good.

Roosevelt & Civil RightsRoosevelt & Civil Rights• Roosevelt failed to support Civil Rights during his

presidency. He did support some individuals.• Roosevelt respected Booker T. Washington. But

Washington himself drew strong criticism from other African Americans b/c of his views on black poverty and his willingness to accept discrimination.

• 1909 N.A.A.C.P. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) formed to combat racial injustices and the apparent indifference towards African Americans by progressives.