The Promise of The Promise of Drug CourtsDrug Courts

THE PROMISE OF THE PROMISE OF Adult SUBSTANCE Adult SUBSTANCE

ABUSE COURT ABUSE COURT

Beverly C. Snow, LSWBeverly C. Snow, LSW FMJ Multi-County ASAC Coordinator FMJ Multi-County ASAC Coordinator

Fairmont, Minnesota Fairmont, Minnesota (507) 238-3226 (507) 238-3226

beverly.snow@courts.state.mn.usbeverly.snow@courts.state.mn.us

ASAC TeamASAC Team

Honorable Robert Walker, Judge of District CourtHonorable Robert Walker, Judge of District Court Honorable Douglas Richards, Judge of District Honorable Douglas Richards, Judge of District

CourtCourt Honorable Linda Titus, Judge of District CourtHonorable Linda Titus, Judge of District Court Michael Trushenski, Assistant County AttorneyMichael Trushenski, Assistant County Attorney Del Ellis, Fairmont Law EnforcementDel Ellis, Fairmont Law Enforcement Richard Odom, Fountain Centers FairmontRichard Odom, Fountain Centers Fairmont Troy Timmerman, 5Troy Timmerman, 5thth District Public Defender District Public Defender Vicki Savick, Health & Human ServiceVicki Savick, Health & Human Service Lisa Lanphere, Department of CorrectionsLisa Lanphere, Department of Corrections

ASAC Team ContinuesASAC Team Continues

Senator Julie RosenSenator Julie Rosen Carrie Hemiller, Health & Human ServiceCarrie Hemiller, Health & Human Service Beverly C. Snow, ASAC CoordinatorBeverly C. Snow, ASAC Coordinator Brad Gerhardt, Martin County SheriffBrad Gerhardt, Martin County Sheriff Jim Sop, Department of CorrectionsJim Sop, Department of Corrections Roger Hawkinson, Jackson County SheriffRoger Hawkinson, Jackson County Sheriff Todd Duit, Faribault County Sheriff DepartmentTodd Duit, Faribault County Sheriff Department Terry Viesselman, Martin County AttorneyTerry Viesselman, Martin County Attorney Robert O’Conner, Jackson County AttorneyRobert O’Conner, Jackson County Attorney Brian Roverud, Faribault County AttorneyBrian Roverud, Faribault County Attorney

HHS National Drug SurveysHHS National Drug Surveys

National Household Survey-National Household Survey-Monitors Monitors trends in illicit drug use and attitudes about trends in illicit drug use and attitudes about drugs among Americans age 12 and older.drugs among Americans age 12 and older.

Monitoring the Future Survey-Monitoring the Future Survey-Monitors Monitors students in the 8th,10th, and 12th grades.students in the 8th,10th, and 12th grades.

Drug Abuse Warning Network-Drug Abuse Warning Network- Records Records drug-related hospital emergency department drug-related hospital emergency department episodes and drug-related arrestsepisodes and drug-related arrests

The Good NewsThe Good News Lifetime, past year and past Lifetime, past year and past

month use of illicit drugs among month use of illicit drugs among teenagers remained stable or teenagers remained stable or declined for the 4th year in a row.declined for the 4th year in a row.

Overall trend of stability in the Overall trend of stability in the numbers of drug-related numbers of drug-related emergency room visits over the emergency room visits over the past 5 years. past 5 years.

We Need to Do MoreWe Need to Do More 30% of 12th graders, 26% of 10th 30% of 12th graders, 26% of 10th

graders and 14.1% of 8th graders graders and 14.1% of 8th graders reported binge drinking in the past reported binge drinking in the past month.month.

8.2 million (3.7% of population) are8.2 million (3.7% of population) are

dependent on alcoholdependent on alcohol

We Need To Do MoreWe Need To Do More

14.8 million Americans (6.7% of those 12 and older) 14.8 million Americans (6.7% of those 12 and older) were current users of illicit drugs in 1999. were current users of illicit drugs in 1999.

Overall, an estimated 10.3 million people are Overall, an estimated 10.3 million people are dependent on either alcohol or illicit drug (4.7% of dependent on either alcohol or illicit drug (4.7% of population).population).

4 million or 1.7% of population are addicted to illicit 4 million or 1.7% of population are addicted to illicit drugs in this country.drugs in this country.

We Need to do MoreWe Need to do More

The current rate of any illicit drug use among 18-25 The current rate of any illicit drug use among 18-25 year olds is significantly higher (16.1%) than in 1994 year olds is significantly higher (16.1%) than in 1994 (3.3%). (3.3%).

Economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse is Economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse is approximately 250 billion a year.approximately 250 billion a year.

Criminal justice is driven by drug and alcohol abuse.Criminal justice is driven by drug and alcohol abuse.

ASAC Needs To Do MoreASAC Needs To Do More

MentorshipMentorship

Recovery SponsorshipRecovery Sponsorship

Volunteers Volunteers

IncentivesIncentives

What can you do?What can you do?

What is Happening in What is Happening in American Criminal American Criminal

Justice:Justice: 11 million offenders pass through 11 million offenders pass through

American jails each year.American jails each year. Over half of jail inmates are already Over half of jail inmates are already

under supervision at their most recent under supervision at their most recent arrest:arrest:

Two-thirds of adult arrestees and more Two-thirds of adult arrestees and more than one-half of juvenile arrestees test than one-half of juvenile arrestees test positive for at least one illicit drug.positive for at least one illicit drug.

What is happening in What is happening in American Criminal Justice:American Criminal Justice:

7 out of 10 jail inmates had prior 7 out of 10 jail inmates had prior sentences to probation or sentences to probation or incarceration.incarceration.

4 out of 10 had served three or more 4 out of 10 had served three or more sentences. sentences.

2.2 million Americans incarcerated in 2.2 million Americans incarcerated in the United States.the United States.

What Does This Mean?What Does This Mean?

We are a Nation of fewer We are a Nation of fewer addicts, addicts,

but but

a Nation of more harmful a Nation of more harmful

and destructive addicts.and destructive addicts.

What is ASAC’s What is ASAC’s Philosophical Base?Philosophical Base?

PunishmentPunishment

or or

RehabilitationRehabilitation

Who Uses DrugsWho Uses Drugs 80% of jail and prison inmates80% of jail and prison inmates 55% of probationers55% of probationers 80% of parolees80% of parolees 60% of arrestees60% of arrestees 80% of child abuse and neglect 80% of child abuse and neglect

casescases 80% of jail and prison inmates80% of jail and prison inmates 50% of domestic violence50% of domestic violence

incidentsincidents

What if we put them in What if we put them in prison?prison?

Criminal RecidivismCriminal Recidivism

70% of drug abusers re-offend70% of drug abusers re-offend

Relapse to Drug AbuseRelapse to Drug Abuse

85% relapse within first year85% relapse within first year

95% relapse within 3 years95% relapse within 3 years

Addiction is No Longer Addiction is No Longer KnownKnown

as Just a “Moral Problem”as Just a “Moral Problem”Physiological DependencePhysiological Dependence

Emotional and SpiritualEmotional and Spiritual

BankruptcyBankruptcy

HabitualHabitual

What we Know about CoercionWhat we Know about Coercion SocialSocial ContractingContracting Exerting leverageExerting leverage InterventionIntervention The choice of one possibility The choice of one possibility

over anotherover another Keeping a patient engaged in Keeping a patient engaged in

treatmenttreatment

Coercion in the Private Coercion in the Private SectorSector

Coercion in the CriminalCoercion in the CriminalJustice SystemJustice System

Coercion in the Criminal Coercion in the Criminal Justice SystemJustice System

We can capitalize on the trauma and We can capitalize on the trauma and consequences of an arrest to intervene consequences of an arrest to intervene earlier in the addict’s “career” of abuse.earlier in the addict’s “career” of abuse.

With coercion, more substance abusers With coercion, more substance abusers will enter treatment sooner and will stay will enter treatment sooner and will stay longer.longer.

Coercion in the Coercion in the Criminal Criminal

Justice SystemJustice System““We needWe need to punish the to punish the offenders we are afraid of offenders we are afraid of

and and

treat the ones we are mad treat the ones we are mad at”at”

TreatmentTreatment

The length of time a patient spent in The length of time a patient spent in treatment was a reliable predictor of treatment was a reliable predictor of his or her post treatment his or her post treatment performance.performance.

Coerced patients tend to stay longer.Coerced patients tend to stay longer.

Treatment RetentionTreatment RetentionSeventy-one percent (71%) of the more Seventy-one percent (71%) of the more than 100,000 persons admitted to U.S. than 100,000 persons admitted to U.S.

drug courtdrug court

(1989-1997)(1989-1997)

U.S. General Accounting Office (GOA)U.S. General Accounting Office (GOA)

Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the more Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the more than 200,000 person admitted to U.S. than 200,000 person admitted to U.S.

drug courtdrug court

(1989-2000)(1989-2000)

American UniversityAmerican University

How does ASAC How does ASAC Successfully AddressSuccessfully Address

the Drug-Addicted the Drug-Addicted Offender?Offender?

Incentives Sanctions

What is ASAC Court?What is ASAC Court?

“ “ ASAC Drug court is a ASAC Drug court is a reality-based common-reality-based common-sense approach to the sense approach to the adult drug offender.”adult drug offender.”

ASAC’s Purpose ASAC’s Purpose

Admit Adult Offenders’ Admit Adult Offenders’ to Treatment quicker to Treatment quicker

& &

keep them in long keep them in long enough for it enough for it to Work!to Work!

““Drug courts provide the Drug courts provide the mostmost

comprehensive and comprehensive and effectiveeffective

control of drug-using control of drug-using offenders’ criminality and offenders’ criminality and drug usage while under drug usage while under the court’s supervision.”the court’s supervision.”

In 2000, the Conference In 2000, the Conference of Chief Justices and the of Chief Justices and the Conference of State Court Conference of State Court Administrators passed a Administrators passed a resolution endorsing drug resolution endorsing drug courts and other problem courts and other problem solving courts.solving courts.

Minnesota Drug Courts Minnesota Drug Courts TodayToday

FMJ Multi - CountyFMJ Multi - CountyAdult Substance Abuse CourtAdult Substance Abuse Court

(ASAC) History (ASAC) History 2002 – Invited Beverly Roche (Snow), 2002 – Invited Beverly Roche (Snow),

Dodge County Drug Court Coordinator to Dodge County Drug Court Coordinator to share with Martin County about Dodge share with Martin County about Dodge County Drug CourtCounty Drug Court

2005, November – Contact with Fifth 2005, November – Contact with Fifth Judicial District, SCAO Office and Blue Judicial District, SCAO Office and Blue Earth County, gathering information on Earth County, gathering information on Drug CourtDrug Court

                 

ASAC History ContinuedASAC History Continued 2006, January 4th – held first team meeting2006, January 4th – held first team meeting

February 23rd – Visit Dodge County Drug CourtFebruary 23rd – Visit Dodge County Drug Court April– Began discussion of Multi- County – Faribault, Martin April– Began discussion of Multi- County – Faribault, Martin

& Jackson Counties& Jackson Counties SCAO Meeting St. Cloud on Multi- County CourtsSCAO Meeting St. Cloud on Multi- County Courts   April 26th – Team met with Blue Earth County CoordinatorApril 26th – Team met with Blue Earth County Coordinator May 23-26 – DCPI Training, DuluthMay 23-26 – DCPI Training, Duluth July – Applied for SCAO GrantJuly – Applied for SCAO Grant September – 5th Judicial District received $200,000 to start September – 5th Judicial District received $200,000 to start

two multi-county drug courtstwo multi-county drug courts DCPI Training Duluth                            DCPI Training Duluth                            

ASAC History continuesASAC History continues

October– Full time CoordinatorOctober– Full time Coordinator Draft of Policies and StandardsDraft of Policies and Standards Draft of Memorandum of UnderstandingDraft of Memorandum of Understanding November – Memorandum of Understanding November – Memorandum of Understanding

signed by all three Countiessigned by all three Counties

    Set date for first CourtSet date for first Court

Participant Handbook approvedParticipant Handbook approved December 5th – First Court ASAC Court held – 4 December 5th – First Court ASAC Court held – 4

participantsparticipants

ASAC PhasesASAC Phases

Phase I –Choice Phase I –Choice Phase II – Challenge Phase II – Challenge Phase III – Change Phase III – Change Phase IV – Commencement Phase IV – Commencement

(graduation)(graduation)

Commencement Commencement ( Graduation )( Graduation )

Participants who have successfully: Participants who have successfully: achieved their individual program goals achieved their individual program goals Six months of continuous sobriety Six months of continuous sobriety Completed all PhasesCompleted all Phases Completed all court sanctions and Completed all court sanctions and Participated a minimum of 18 months Participated a minimum of 18 months

eligible to graduate ASAC eligible to graduate ASAC

ASACASACBeyond Vision…Beyond Vision…

Toward Reality!Toward Reality!